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  • Struts数据效验

    表单数据的验证:

             前台验证:主要是通过JS验证, 表达数据是否合法!

             后台验证:通过后台java代码进行验证!

                         Struts也提供了数据效验的方式!

    Struts数据效验, 通过拦截器完成:

             <interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>


    代码方式验证Action中所有的方法:

    步骤:

             1. 搭建struts环境

             2. login.jsp

             3.UserAction.java

    Struts数据效验错误信息处理:

    public synchronized void addFieldError(String fieldName, String errorMessage) {
            // 1. 保存错误信息的map集合
            final Map<String, List<String>> errors = internalGetFieldErrors();
            // 2. Map的value值  (一个key,对应的多个值用list存储)
            List<String> thisFieldErrors = errors.get(fieldName);
            // 3. 如果错误信息的map中没有当前的key,就直接创建集合
            if (thisFieldErrors == null) {
                // 创建
                thisFieldErrors = new ArrayList<String>();
                errors.put(fieldName, thisFieldErrors);
            }
             // 4. 添加错误信息
            thisFieldErrors.add(errorMessage);
        }

    Action实现:

    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
    
    /**
     * 注意:如果要想用struts的数据效验功能,必须继承ActionSupport或实现相关接口
     *
     */
    public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
    
        // 封装请求数据
        private User user = new User();
        public void setUser(User user) {
            this.user = user;
        }
        public User getUser() {
            return user;
        }
    
        /*
        // 重写数据验证的方法
        public void validateRegister() {
            // 用户名非空
            if (user.getUserName() == null || "".equals(user.getUserName())) {
                // 保存错误信息
                super.addFieldError("userName", "用户名必须填写!");
            }
            // 密码
            if (user.getPwd() == null || "".equals(user.getPwd())) {
                super.addFieldError("pwd", "密码必填");
            }
        }
        */
    
        @Override
        public void validate() {
            // 用户名非空
            if (user.getUserName() == null || "".equals(user.getUserName())) {
                // 保存错误信息
                super.addFieldError("userName", "用户名必须填写!");
            }
            // 密码
            if (user.getPwd() == null || "".equals(user.getPwd())) {
                super.addFieldError("pwd", "密码必填");
            }
        }
    
        // 业务方法
        public String register() {
            System.out.println(user);
            System.out.println(1);
            return SUCCESS;
        }
    
    
        // 列表展示(不用数据效验)
        public String list() {
            return SUCCESS;
        }
    }

    代码方式验证Action中指定的方法:

    写验证方法命名规则:

             validate + 要验证的方法名

    如:

             public void validateRegister() {

        只会验证当前action的register方法!

    XML方式验证Action中所有的方法:

    总结代码方式验证:

             繁琐,设计很多重复的验证逻辑!例如:非空验证、数值验证、email、日期等。

    Struts对于常用的验证,进行了封装,即提供了验证器, 验证指定的常用业务逻辑!

    Struts提供的所有验证器:

    路径:xwork-core-2.3.4.1.jar/com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators/default.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
            "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator Definition 1.0//EN"
            "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-definition-1.0.dtd">
    
    <!-- START SNIPPET: validators-default -->
    <validators>
        <validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>
        <validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="long" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.LongRangeFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="short" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ShortRangeFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>
        <validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>
        <validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>
        <validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>
        <validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>
        <validator name="conditionalvisitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator"/>
    </validators>
    <!--  END SNIPPET: validators-default -->

    如果写xml,从而定义验证规则:

             1)XML文件名称语法: ActionClassName-validation.xml

                       注意:此xml需要与当期要验证的action在同一个目录:

                       举例:UserAction-validation.xml

             2) 写XML

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
             "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
             "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
    
    <validators>
        
        <!-- 验证的每一个字段用field表示 -->
        <field name="user.userName">
            <!-- 指定使用的验证器 -->
            <field-validator type="requiredstring">
                <!-- 验证失败的错误提示信息 -->
                <message>用户名不能为空!</message>
            </field-validator>
        </field>
        
        <!-- 验证pwd -->
        <field name="user.pwd">
            
            <!-- 非空 -->
            <field-validator type="requiredstring">
                <message>密码不能为空!</message>
            </field-validator>
            
            <!-- 长度 -->
            <field-validator type="stringlength">
                <param name="minLength">6</param>
                <param name="maxLength">8</param>
                <message>密码必须为6-8位~~~~</message>
            </field-validator>
        </field>
        
        <!-- 验证日期 -->
        <field name="user.birth">
            <field-validator type="date">
                <message>日期格式不对!</message>
            </field-validator>
        </field>
        
        <!-- 验证Email -->
        <field name="user.email">
            <field-validator type="email">
                <message>邮箱格式错误!</message>
            </field-validator>
        </field>
        
    </validators>         
             
             

    XML方式验证Action中指定的方法:

    与上面xml验证方式大致相同: 验证xml文件内容不变;

    文件命名:

             语法:ActionClassName-ActionName-validation.xml

             举例:UserAction-user_register-validation.xml

                         验证UserAction中的register方法

     

    验证总结

             代码:

                 重写validate()   ,  验证action所有方法

                        Validate方法名(),  验证指定“方法名”的方法

             Xml:

                       验证所有方法: ActionClassName-validation.xml

                       验证指定方法: ActionClassName-actionName-validation.xml

             代码验证,

                       比较灵活,可以满足所有的需求.

                       比较繁琐,要写重复的验证判断逻辑!

                       适合: 表单字段较少的情况用!

             XML验证:

                       通用,但不够灵活; 可以验证特定简单的业务。

                       适合: 验证表单字段较多,可以大大简化代码!

                                  (配置文件过多)

     

    验证错误处理

    Struts在进行数据效验的时候,验证失败,会返回input视图,要求我们要在struts.xml中配置input视图对应的错误页面!

    配置:
    Struts.xml
    <!-- 注册失败跳转到注册页面,显示失败信息 -->
            <global-results>
                <result name="input">/register.jsp</result>
            </global-results>

    Jsp显示错误

    方式1:显示所有错误
    <%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
          <!-- 显示的是struts在运行时期产生的所有错误 -->
          <s:fielderror></s:fielderror>
    
    方式2:显示指定的错误
    <!-- 修改struts标签默认的样式: 不让换行 --> 
        <style type="text/css">
        ul{
            display: inline;
        }
        ul li{
            display: inline;
            color: red;
        }
        </style>
    显示指定的错误:
    <s:fielderror fieldName="user.userName"></s:fielderror>
    方式3: 修改标签定义的模板
    找到fielderror标签定义的模板文件:
    Struts-core.jar	emplatesimple fielderror.ftl
    把修改后的fielderror.ftl文件,放到src/ template/ simple/ fielderror.ftl
    这样标签显示的样式就修改了!

    fielderror.ftl

    <#--
    /*
     * $Id: fielderror.ftl 805635 2009-08-19 00:18:54Z musachy $
     *
     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
     * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
     * distributed with this work for additional information
     * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
     * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
     * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
     * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
     *
     *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     *
     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
     * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
     * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
     * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
     * specific language governing permissions and limitations
     * under the License.
     */
    -->
    <#if fieldErrors??><#t/>
    <#assign eKeys = fieldErrors.keySet()><#t/>
    <#assign eKeysSize = eKeys.size()><#t/>
    <#assign doneStartUlTag=false><#t/>
    <#assign doneEndUlTag=false><#t/>
    <#assign haveMatchedErrorField=false><#t/>
    <#if (fieldErrorFieldNames?size > 0) ><#t/>
        <#list fieldErrorFieldNames as fieldErrorFieldName><#t/>
            <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
            <#if (eKey = fieldErrorFieldName)><#t/>
                <#assign haveMatchedErrorField=true><#t/>
                <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[fieldErrorFieldName]><#t/>
                <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneStartUlTag))><#t/>
                       <#assign doneStartUlTag=true><#t/>
                </#if><#t/>
                <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
                    ${eEachValue}
                </#list><#t/>            
            </#if><#t/>
            </#list><#t/>
        </#list><#t/>
        <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneEndUlTag))><#t/>
            <#assign doneEndUlTag=true><#t/>
        </#if><#t/>
    <#else><#t/>    
        <#if (eKeysSize > 0)><#t/>
            <ul<#rt/>
    <#if parameters.cssClass??>
     class="${parameters.cssClass?html}"<#rt/>
    <#else>
     class="errorMessage"<#rt/>
    </#if>
    <#if parameters.cssStyle??>
     style="${parameters.cssStyle?html}"<#rt/>
    </#if>
    >
                <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
                    <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[eKey]><#t/>
                    <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
                        <li><span><#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}<#else>${eEachValue!}</#if></span></li>
                    </#list><#t/>
                </#list><#t/>
            </ul>
        </#if><#t/>
    </#if><#t/>
    </#if><#t/>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/loaderman/p/10036378.html
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