在实际开发项目中，有些数据在前后端的传输过程中需要进行加密，那就需要保证前端和后端的加解密需要统一。这里给大家简单演示AES在JavaScript前端和Java后端是如何实现加密和解密的。
java端：
package com.lin.utils; import java.math.BigInteger; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder; /** * AES的加密和解密 * @author libo */ public class Aes { //密钥 (需要前端和后端保持一致) private static final String KEY = "abcdefgabcdefg12"; //算法 private static final String ALGORITHMSTR = "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding"; /** * aes解密 * @param encrypt 内容 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String aesDecrypt(String encrypt) { try { return aesDecrypt(encrypt, KEY); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return ""; } } /** * aes加密 * @param content * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String aesEncrypt(String content) { try { return aesEncrypt(content, KEY); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return ""; } } /** * 将byte[]转为各种进制的字符串 * @param bytes byte[] * @param radix 可以转换进制的范围，从Character.MIN_RADIX到Character.MAX_RADIX，超出范围后变为10进制 * @return 转换后的字符串 */ public static String binary(byte[] bytes, int radix){ return new BigInteger(1, bytes).toString(radix);// 这里的1代表正数 } /** * base 64 encode * @param bytes 待编码的byte[] * @return 编码后的base 64 code */ public static String base64Encode(byte[] bytes){ return Base64.encodeBase64String(bytes); } /** * base 64 decode * @param base64Code 待解码的base 64 code * @return 解码后的byte[] * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] base64Decode(String base64Code) throws Exception{ return StringUtils.isEmpty(base64Code) ? null : new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(base64Code); } /** * AES加密 * @param content 待加密的内容 * @param encryptKey 加密密钥 * @return 加密后的byte[] * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] aesEncryptToBytes(String content, String encryptKey) throws Exception { KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHMSTR); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(encryptKey.getBytes(), "AES")); return cipher.doFinal(content.getBytes("utf-8")); } /** * AES加密为base 64 code * @param content 待加密的内容 * @param encryptKey 加密密钥 * @return 加密后的base 64 code * @throws Exception */ public static String aesEncrypt(String content, String encryptKey) throws Exception { return base64Encode(aesEncryptToBytes(content, encryptKey)); } /** * AES解密 * @param encryptBytes 待解密的byte[] * @param decryptKey 解密密钥 * @return 解密后的String * @throws Exception */ public static String aesDecryptByBytes(byte[] encryptBytes, String decryptKey) throws Exception { KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHMSTR); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(decryptKey.getBytes(), "AES")); byte[] decryptBytes = cipher.doFinal(encryptBytes); return new String(decryptBytes); } /** * 将base 64 code AES解密 * @param encryptStr 待解密的base 64 code * @param decryptKey 解密密钥 * @return 解密后的string * @throws Exception */ public static String aesDecrypt(String encryptStr, String decryptKey) throws Exception { return StringUtils.isEmpty(encryptStr) ? null : aesDecryptByBytes(base64Decode(encryptStr), decryptKey); } /** * 测试 */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String content = "123"; System.out.println("加密前：" + content); System.out.println("加密密钥和解密密钥：" + KEY); String encrypt = aesEncrypt(content, KEY); System.out.println("加密后：" + encrypt); String decrypt = aesDecrypt(encrypt, KEY); System.out.println("解密后：" + decrypt); } }
注：需要使用两个jar包：
<dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> <version>1.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.4</version> </dependency>
JavaScript前端：
/** * 加密（需要先加载lib/aes/aes.min.js文件） * @param word * @returns {*} */ function encrypt(word){ var key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("abcdefgabcdefg12"); var srcs = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(word); var encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(srcs, key, {mode:CryptoJS.mode.ECB,padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7}); return encrypted.toString(); } /** * 解密 * @param word * @returns {*} */ function decrypt(word){ var key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("abcdefgabcdefg12"); var decrypt = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(word, key, {mode:CryptoJS.mode.ECB,padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7}); return CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.stringify(decrypt).toString(); }
/** * 加密（需要先加载aes.min.js文件） * @param word * @returns {*} */ function aesEncrypt(word){ var _word = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(word), _key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("{g;,9~lde^[w`SR5"), _iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("$JL<&*lZFsZ?:p#1"); var encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(_word, _key, { iv: _iv, mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 }); return encrypted.toString(); } /** * 解密（需要先加载aes.min.js文件） * @param word * @returns {*} */ function aesDecrypt(word) { var _key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("{g;,9~lde^[w`SR5"), _iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse("$JL<&*lZFsZ?:p#1"); var decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(word, _key, { iv: _iv, mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7 }); return decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8); }
/** * AES加密 */ const encryptAes = (word,key) => { //console.log(CryptoJS) const keys = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(key) const ivs = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse('tstlafljatwea') let encryptedWord = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(word) var encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(encryptedWord, keys, { iv: ivs,mode:CryptoJS.mode.CBC, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7}); return encrypted.toString() } /** * AES解密 */ const decryptAes = (encrypted,key) => { const keys = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(key) const ivs = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse('tstlafljatwea') var decrypted = CryptoJS.AES.decrypt(encrypted, keys, { iv: ivs,mode:CryptoJS.mode.CBC, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7}); //console.log(decrypted) //console.log(decrypted.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8)) return decrypted }
需要依赖aes.js文件：
以下是压缩后的aes.js文件
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测试结果：
JavaScript端：
算法目前常见有： 加密算法，散列算法，Base64(编码算法)，https(SSL使用40位关键字作为RC4流加密算法)
加密技术通常分为两大类:"对称式"和"非对称式"。
对称加密主要有：AES、DES、3DES(可逆的，同一对密钥加解密，优点在于速度快，但不够安全)
非对称加密主要有：RSA、DSA、ECC(可逆的，公私钥对应，相对安全，但比较慢)
散列算法（签名算法）主要有： MD5、SHA1、HMAC (这个主要用于验证，散列算法不可逆)
参考地址：https://www.bbsmax.com/A/pRdBBAwDdn/