MySQL数据库环境之一： 基于二进制方式安装mysql5.7.30

环境：

操作系统： CentOS7.6

配置： 4核/8G, 40G+100G硬盘

 

一）操作系统环境配置

1）设置主机名

 echo "192.168.31.51  itpuxdb" >> /etc/hosts
 hostnamectl set-hostname itpuxdb
 exec bash

　　

2）配置英文环境

 echo "export LANG=en_US" >> ~/.bash_profile

　　

3) 修改资源限制参数

 vim /etc/security/limit.conf
 *  soft    nproc   65535
 *  hard    nproc   65535
 *  soft    nofile  65535
 *  hard    nofile  65535
 *  soft    stack   65535
 *  hard    stack   65535
 ​
 echo "* - proc 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

　　

4)设置系统安全策略

 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
 setenforce 0
 ​
 systemctl disable firewalld
 systemctl stop firewalld

　　

5)控制资源分配限制

 echo "session    required  pom_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

　　

6) IO调度算法

[root@itpuxdb ~]# cat /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler 
 noop [deadline] cfq 
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler 
 noop [deadline] cfq 
 ​
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/read_ahead_kb 
 128
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/nr_requests 
 128
 ​
 调整：
 ​
 echo "16" > /sys/block/sdb/queue/read_ahead_kb
 echo "512" > /sys/block/sdb/queue/nr_requests
 echo "deadline" > /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler
 echo "16" > /sys/block/sdc/queue/read_ahead_kb
 echo "512" > /sys/block/sdc/queue/nr_requests
 echo "deadline" > /sys/block/sdc/queue/scheduler 
                                                
 ​
 添加以上echo到/etc/rc.local
 ​
 chmod +x /etc/rc.local

　　

7）虚拟内存

 vim /etc/sysctl.conf
 vm.swappiness=10
 vm.min_free_kbytes=512000
 ​
 ​
 sysctl -p

　　

8)配置yum源

 yum -y install wget vim
 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
 ​
 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup
 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup
 ​
 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
 

　　

9) 准备磁盘与分区----最规范的

安装目录：   /mysql/app/mysql
 数据目录：  /mysql/data
 日志目录：  /mysql/log
 备份目录：  /mysql/backup
 ​
 LVM
 /dev/sdb   100G  分3个，分别为安装目录，数据目录，日志目录
 /dev/sdc   110G  分50G为备份目录
 ​
 Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 ​
 ​
 Disk /dev/sdc: 118.1 GB, 118111600640 bytes, 230686720 sectors
 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 命令如下：
 pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
 vgcreate mysqlvg /dev/sdb
 vgcreate bakvg /dev/sdc
 lvcreate -n mysqllv -L 30G mysqlvg
 lvcreate -n datalv -L 30G mysqlvg
 lvcreate -n loglv -L 30G mysqlvg
 lvcreate -n baklv -L 50G bakvg
 ​
 mkfs.xfs /dev/mysqlvg/mysqllv 
 mkfs.xfs /dev/mysqlvg/datalv 
 mkfs.xfs /dev/mysqlvg/loglv 
 mkfs.xfs /dev/bakvg/baklv 
 ​
 ​
 mkdir -p /mysql/app
 mkdir -p /mysql/log
 mkdir -p /mysql/data
 mkdir -p /mysql/backup
 ​
 ​
 /dev/mapper/mysqlvg-mysqllv: UUID="9e3a5e67-68a7-4156-9a63-bb70d532aa1c" TYPE="xfs" 
 /dev/mapper/mysqlvg-datalv: UUID="f66d552a-a033-46f9-b7ae-f733bb8c13c3" TYPE="xfs" 
 /dev/mapper/mysqlvg-loglv: UUID="96d65dfc-cb61-4b56-9946-10b881be5a23" TYPE="xfs" 
 /dev/mapper/bakvg-baklv: UUID="44e090d4-5c55-49de-83f3-53632ecdacd5" TYPE="xfs" 
 ​
 挂载
 UUID="9e3a5e67-68a7-4156-9a63-bb70d532aa1c"  /mysql/app   xfs   defaults   0 0 
 UUID="f66d552a-a033-46f9-b7ae-f733bb8c13c3"  /mysql/data   xfs   defaults  0 0 
 UUID="96d65dfc-cb61-4b56-9946-10b881be5a23"  /mysql/log    xfs   defaults  0 0 
 UUID="44e090d4-5c55-49de-83f3-53632ecdacd5"  /mysql/backup    xfs    defaults  0 0 
 ​
 

　　

二）mysql5.7二进制安装部署

1）软件下载

 https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
 ​
 cd /mysql/app
 wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

　　

2) 安装依赖包

 yum -y install libaio libaio-devel

　　

3) 创建用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

　　

4)创建目录

 mkdir -p /mysql/data/3306/data
 mkdir -p /mysql/log/3306

　　

5)安装mysql

cd /mysql/app
 tar xf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
 ln -s mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
 ​
 [root@itpuxdb app]# ll
 total 644552
 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        35 Sep  1 15:53 mysql -> mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
 ​
 [root@itpuxdb mysql]# vim ~/.bash_profile 
 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/mysql/app/mysql/bin
 ​
 [root@itpuxdb mysql]#source ~/.bash_profile
 ​
 [root@itpuxdb mysql]# mysql --version
 mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
 ​
 更改权限
 chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql

　　

 ​

6）初始化参数（参数准备）

cat /mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
 [client]
 port=3306
 socket  = /mysql/data/3306/mysql.sock
 ​
 [mysql]
 no-beep
 prompt="u@itpux R:m:s [d]> "
 #no-auto-rehash
 auto-rehash
 default-character-set=utf8
 ​
 ​
 [mysqld]
 ########basic settings########
 server-id=3306
 port=3306
 user = mysql
 bind_address= 192.168.31.51
 basedir=/mysql/app/mysql
 datadir=/mysql/data/3306/data
 socket  = /mysql/data/3306/mysql.sock
 pid-file=/mysql/data/3306/mysql.pid
 character-set-server=utf8
 skip-character-set-client-handshake=1
 autocommit = 0
 skip_name_resolve = 1
 max_connections = 800
 max_connect_errors = 1000
 default-storage-engine=INNODB
 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
 sort_buffer_size = 32M
 join_buffer_size = 128M
 tmp_table_size = 72M
 max_allowed_packet = 16M
 sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
 interactive_timeout = 1800
 wait_timeout = 1800
 read_buffer_size = 16M
 read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
 ​
 query_cache_type = 1
 query_cache_size=1M
 table_open_cache=2000
 thread_cache_size=768
 myisam_max_sort_file_size=10G
 myisam_sort_buffer_size=135M
 key_buffer_size=32M
 read_buffer_size=8M
 read_rnd_buffer_size=4M
 ​
 back_log=1024
 #flush_time=0
 open_files_limit=65536
 table_definition_cache=1400
 #binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
 #sync_master_info=10000
 #sync_relay_log=10000
 #sync_relay_log_info=10000
 ​
 ########log settings########
 log-output=FILE
 general_log = 0
 general_log_file=/mysql/log/3306/itpuxdb-general.err
 slow_query_log = ON
 slow_query_log_file=/mysql/log/3306/itpuxdb-query.err
 long_query_time=10
 log-error=/mysql/log/3306/itpuxdb-error.err
 ​
 log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
 log_slow_admin_statements = 1
 log_slow_slave_statements = 1
 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
 expire_logs_days = 90
 min_examined_row_limit = 100
 #log_bin = "/log/bin_log/binlog"
 ​
 ########replication settings########
 #master_info_repository = TABLE
 #relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
 #log_bin = bin.log
 #sync_binlog = 1
 #gtid_mode = on
 #enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
 #log_slave_updates
 #binlog_format = row 
 #relay_log = relay.log
 #relay_log_recovery = 1
 #binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
 #slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
 ​
 ########innodb settings########
 innodb_io_capacity = 4000
 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 500M     #物理内存的70%
 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
 innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000
 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
 #innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
 ​
 innodb_log_file_size = 200M
 innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 
 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
 ​
 innodb_undo_logs = 128
 innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
 innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
 ​
 innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
 innodb_purge_threads = 4
 innodb_large_prefix = 1
 innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
 innodb_strict_mode = 1
 innodb_sort_buffer_size = 64M
 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
 innodb_autoextend_increment=64
 innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
 innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
 innodb_open_files=65536
 innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
 innodb_file_per_table=1
 innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
 ​
 innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:200M;ibdata2:200M;ibdata3:200M:autoextend:max:10G  #生产环境1-5G一个
 innodb_temp_data_file_path = ibtmp1:200M:autoextend:max:20G  #生产环境1-5G一个
 ​
 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
 innodb_page_cleaners = 4
 innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
 log_timestamps=system
 #transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32
 show_compatibility_56=on
 #role角色
 ​check_proxy_users=ON
 ​mysql_native_password_proxy_users=ON

 创建一个文件
 touch /mysql/log/3306/itpuxdb-error.err
 ​
 chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql

　　

 ​

7)初始化mysql数据库

[root@itpuxdb 3306]# mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/mysql/app/mysql  --datadir=/mysql/data/3306/data 
 ​
 ​
 [root@itpuxdb 3306]# cat /mysql/log/3306/itpuxdb-error.err 
  100 200
  100 200
  100 200
  100 200
  100 200
 2020-09-01T16:10:16.102668+08:00 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=48434
  100 200
 2020-09-01T16:10:16.720394+08:00 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
 2020-09-01T16:10:16.782022+08:00 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 91d7772b-ec2a-11ea-9d3a-a65b22bf9f0c.
 2020-09-01T16:10:16.783319+08:00 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
 2020-09-01T16:10:17.812578+08:00 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
 2020-09-01T16:10:17.898641+08:00 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 9KsnC04Xdw#v
 ​
 ​
 检查数据目录
 [root@itpuxdb 3306]# ll /mysql/data/3306/data/
 total 1054788
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql        56 Sep  1 16:10 auto.cnf
 -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql      1680 Sep  1 16:10 ca-key.pem
 -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql      1112 Sep  1 16:10 ca.pem
 -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql      1112 Sep  1 16:10 client-cert.pem
 -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql      1676 Sep  1 16:10 client-key.pem
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       701 Sep  1 16:10 ib_buffer_pool
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 209715200 Sep  1 16:10 ibdata1
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 209715200 Sep  1 16:10 ibdata2
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 209715200 Sep  1 16:10 ibdata3
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 209715200 Sep  1 16:10 ib_logfile0
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 209715200 Sep  1 16:10 ib_logfile1
 drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql      4096 Sep  1 16:10 mysql
 drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql      8192 Sep  1 16:10 performance_schema
 -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql      1676 Sep  1 16:10 private_key.pem
 -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql       452 Sep  1 16:10 public_key.pem
 -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql      1112 Sep  1 16:10 server-cert.pem
 -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql      1676 Sep  1 16:10 server-key.pem
 drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql      8192 Sep  1 16:10 sys
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  10485760 Sep  1 16:10 undo001
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  10485760 Sep  1 16:10 undo002
 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  10485760 Sep  1 16:10 undo003

　　

 ​

8)准备mysql启动脚本

cd /mysql/app/mysql/support-files
 cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
 更改3个地方
 1）指定目录
 basedir=/mysql/app/mysql
 datadir=/mysql/data/3306/data
 ​
 # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
 # for server start. 
 # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. 
 # 0 means don't wait at all
 # Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
 service_startup_timeout=900
 ​
 # Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
 lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
 lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
 ​
 # The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
 ​
 # Set some defaults
 mysqld_pid_file_path=/mysql/data/3306/mysql.pid
 ​
 2）指定目录
 if test -z "$basedir"
 then
   basedir=/mysql/app/mysql
   bindir=/mysql/app/mysql/bin
   if test -z "$datadir"
   then
     datadir=/mysql/data/3306//data
   fi
   sbindir=/mysql/app/mysql/bin
   libexecdir=/mysql/app/mysql/bin
 else
 ​
 3）--defaults-file=/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
 ​
 case "$mode" in
   'start')
     # Start daemon
 ​
     # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
     cd $basedir
 ​
     echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
     if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
     then
       # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
       # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
       $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf  $other_args >/dev/null &
       wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
 ​
 ​

　　

 ​

9）测试mysql的启动停止

[root@itpuxdb ~]# service mysql start
 Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
 ​
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# ps aux|grep mysql
 root     14760  1.0  0.0  11816  1596 pts/0    S    16:43   0:00 /bin/sh /mysql/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
 mysql    15901  5.2  2.7 1571276 220720 pts/0  Sl   16:43   0:00 /mysql/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf --basedir=/mysql/app/mysql --datadir=/mysql/data/3306/data --plugin-dir=/mysql/app/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/mysql/log/3306/itpuxdb-error.err --open-files-limit=65536 --pid-file=/mysql/data/3306/mysql.pid --socket=/mysql/data/3306/mysql.sock --port=3306
 root     15932  0.0  0.0 114768   952 pts/0    S+   16:43   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
 ​
 停止数据库
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# service mysql stop
 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# ll /mysql/data/3306/
 total 8
 drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 Sep  1 16:45 data
 -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 3489 Sep  1 16:26 my.cnf
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# ps aux|grep mysql
 root     15963  0.0  0.0 114768   952 pts/0    S+   16:45   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
 ​
 ​
 添加到开启自动启动
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# chkconfig --level 2345 mysql on
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# chkconfig --list|grep mysql
 ​
 Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
       systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
       systemd configuration.
 ​
       If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
       To see services enabled on particular target use
       'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
 ​
 mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
 ​
 重启服务器，看数据库是否自动启动
 reboot
 ​
 发现mysql自动启动
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# ps aux|grep mysql
 root      3830  0.1  0.0 115436  1692 ?        S    14:30   0:00 /bin/sh /mysql/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
 mysql     6225  1.4  2.7 1571260 221268 ?      Sl   14:30   0:01 /mysql/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/data/3306/my.cnf --basedir=/mysql/app/mysql --datadir=/mysql/data/3306/data --plugin-dir=/mysql/app/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/mysql/log/3306/itpuxdb-error.err --open-files-limit=65536 --pid-file=/mysql/data/3306/mysql.pid --socket=/mysql/data/3306/mysql.sock --port=3306
 ​

　　

10）更改root用户的密码

 [root@itpuxdb ~]# ln -s /mysql/data/3306/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
 [root@itpuxdb ~]# mysql -u root -p
 Enter password: 
 ​
 mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Aa123456';
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 ​
 mysql> flush privileges;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 ​

　　

 ​

11) 创建一个管理员用户，允许从本地和192.168.31网段登录

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'dbaadmin'@'localhost' identified by 'dba123456' with grant options;
 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'dbaadmin'@'192.168.31.%' identified by 'dab123456';
 mysql> flush privileges;
 ​
 mysql> show grants for dbaadmin@'localhost';
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Grants for dbaadmin@localhost                                           |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'dbaadmin'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 ​
 mysql> show grants for dbaadmin@'192.168.31.%';
 +----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Grants for dbaadmin@192.168.31.%                         |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+
 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'dbaadmin'@'192.168.31.%' |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 ​
 (从本地localhost登录，可以为其他用户授权)