十四 .Flask wtforms 前戏知识点 和 源码解析

一 .wtforms 前戏知识点和源码解析

https://blog.csdn.net/u011884100/article/details/88095304

https://www.jianshu.com/p/abcd051d45fc

1. 生成器 和面向对象

生成器函数 

 form对象为什么可以被for循环？
                      :变为可迭代对象。

 
class Foo(object):

    # def __iter__(self):
    #     return iter([11,22,33])

    def __iter__(self):
        yield 1
        yield 2
        yield 3

obj = Foo()

for item in obj:
    print(item)

内成员

class Foo(object):

    x1 = 123

    def func(self):
        pass


print(dir(Foo))

"""['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__'
    , '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', 
 '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__',
 '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__',
 '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'func', 'x1']
"""

__new__方法  - new方法的返回值决定对象到底是什么？

class Bar(object):
    pass

class Foo(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        return "aaaa"
obj = Foo()
print(obj) # aaaa



class Bar(object):
    pass
class Foo(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(Foo,cls).__new__(cls,*args, **kwargs)
obj = Foo()
print(obj) # <__main__.Foo object at 0x000001CCE7048D68>





class Bar(object):
    pass
class Foo(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        # return super(Foo,cls).__new__(cls,*args, **kwargs)
        return Bar()
obj = Foo()
print(obj) <__main__.Bar object at 0x0000022BBAFD8978>





class Bar(object):
    def __init__(self,cls):
        self.cls = cls

class Foo(object):

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        # return super(Foo,cls).__new__(cls,*args, **kwargs)
        return Bar(cls)
obj = Foo()
print(obj) # <__main__.Bar object at 0x000001C73DD78DA0>

类创建的两种方式
class Foo(object):
    a1 = 123
    def func(self):
        return "AAA"
obj=Foo()


Foo = type("Foo",(object,),{'a1':123,'func':lambda self:666})
cc=Foo()


# 自定义type
# 注意：metaclass作用是指定当前类由谁来创建。
class MyType(type):
    pass
class Foo(object,metaclass=MyType):
    a1 = 123
    def func(self):
        return 666


metaclass

 metaclass
                - 创建类时，先执行type的__init__。
                - 类的实例化时，执行type的__call__，__call__方法的的返回值就是实例化的对象。
                            __call__内部调用：
                            - 类.__new__，创建对象
                            - 类.__init__，对象的初始化

class MyType(type):
    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(MyType,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = cls.__new__(cls)

        cls.__init__(obj,*args, **kwargs)

        return obj

class Foo(object,metaclass=MyType):
    a1 = 123
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        return object.__new__(cls)

    def func(self):
        return 666
# Foo是类
# Foo是MyType的一个对象
obj = Foo()
print(obj) # <__main__.Foo object at 0x000002668D98EEB8>

 2. wtforms 源码解析

实例化流程分析

 1. 执行type的 __call__ 方法，读取字段到静态字段 cls._unbound_fields 中； meta类读取到cls._wtforms_meta中
    2. 执行构造方法
        
        a. 循环cls._unbound_fields中的字段，并执行字段的bind方法，然后将返回值添加到 self._fields[name] 中。
            即：
                _fields = {
                    name: wtforms.fields.core.StringField(),
                }
                
            PS：由于字段中的__new__方法，实例化时：name = simple.StringField(label='用户名')，创建的是UnboundField(cls, *args, **kwargs)，当执行完bind之后，才变成执行 wtforms.fields.core.StringField()
        
        b. 循环_fields，为对象设置属性
            for name, field in iteritems(self._fields):
                # Set all the fields to attributes so that they obscure the class
                # attributes with the same names.
                setattr(self, name, field)
        c. 执行process，为字段设置默认值：self.process(formdata, obj, data=data, **kwargs)
            优先级：obj,data,formdata;
            
            再循环执行每个字段的process方法，为每个字段设置值：
            for name, field, in iteritems(self._fields):
                if obj is not None and hasattr(obj, name):
                    field.process(formdata, getattr(obj, name))
                elif name in kwargs:
                    field.process(formdata, kwargs[name])
                else:
                    field.process(formdata)
            
            执行每个字段的process方法，为字段的data和字段的raw_data赋值
            def process(self, formdata, data=unset_value):
                self.process_errors = []
                if data is unset_value:
                    try:
                        data = self.default()
                    except TypeError:
                        data = self.default
        
                self.object_data = data
        
                try:
                    self.process_data(data)
                except ValueError as e:
                    self.process_errors.append(e.args[0])
        
                if formdata:
                    try:
                        if self.name in formdata:
                            self.raw_data = formdata.getlist(self.name)
                        else:
                            self.raw_data = []
                        self.process_formdata(self.raw_data)
                    except ValueError as e:
                        self.process_errors.append(e.args[0])
        
                try:
                    for filter in self.filters:
                        self.data = filter(self.data)
                except ValueError as e:
                    self.process_errors.append(e.args[0])
                
        d. 页面上执行print(form.name) 时，打印标签
            
            因为执行了：
                字段的 __str__ 方法
                字符的 __call__ 方法
                self.meta.render_field(self, kwargs)
                    def render_field(self, field, render_kw):
                        other_kw = getattr(field, 'render_kw', None)
                        if other_kw is not None:
                            render_kw = dict(other_kw, **render_kw)
                        return field.widget(field, **render_kw)
                执行字段的插件对象的 __call__ 方法，返回标签字符串

验证流程分析

a. 执行form的validate方法，获取钩子方法
            def validate(self):
                extra = {}
                for name in self._fields:
                    inline = getattr(self.__class__, 'validate_%s' % name, None)
                    if inline is not None:
                        extra[name] = [inline]
        
                return super(Form, self).validate(extra)
        b. 循环每一个字段，执行字段的 validate 方法进行校验(参数传递了钩子函数)
            def validate(self, extra_validators=None):
                self._errors = None
                success = True
                for name, field in iteritems(self._fields):
                    if extra_validators is not None and name in extra_validators:
                        extra = extra_validators[name]
                    else:
                        extra = tuple()
                    if not field.validate(self, extra):
                        success = False
                return success
        c. 每个字段进行验证时候
            字段的pre_validate 【预留的扩展】
            字段的_run_validation_chain，对正则和字段的钩子函数进行校验
            字段的post_validate【预留的扩展】