文章内容概述:
spring项目组其实有多个projects,如spring IO platform用于管理external dependencies的版本,通过定义BOM(bill of materials)来管理所引入的external dependencies的版本,从而避免版本冲突问题,再如spring web flow项目,专门为构建流形式的web application提供支持。除了刚刚所叙述的这两个project之外,spring社区还有若干其他project,分别可应用于不同application的开发。Spring协会的这些project都是基于spring framework来创建的,所以支持spring框架的特色功能。同时,它们又对spring framework的modules以及项目可能依赖的三方库、插件等做了基本的封装,在这些project的基础上进行自己的项目的开发,会比直接基于spring framework创建自己的project更便捷。
我们想要搭建的机器学习管理平台是用于提供restful web services,综合考虑spring社区各个projects的特点,决定舍弃原来的决定,由直接基于the spring framework搭建自己的web网站改为基于spring boot来搭建自己的网站,希望由此简化整个开发过程。
具体操作:
step1,了解spring boot的特点,参见官网documentation
step2, 参照 官网guids 以及 git上的sample工程 向项目中引入spring boot
step2.1 修改pom.xml,包括
注释掉之前引入的spring framework的modules相关的配置,以及
添加spring boot相关的配置
项目最终的pom.xml如下
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>bupt.jinmensuyin.webapp</groupId> <artifactId>leapmotion-web</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1</version> <name>leapmotion-web Maven Webapp</name> <!--spring boot中定义了pom.xml, 该pom.xml中引入了spring framework的若干 modules如spring-core、spring-context等, 还引入了三方插件如spring-boot-maven-plugin等 还引入了spring framework的external dependencies... 所以将spring-boot-starter-parent这个pom.xml作为自己的project的parent POM 这样一来,就可以简化自己项目的pom.xml的配置--> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <!-- 引入spring-boot中的若干模块作为自己的项目的external dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 使用Jackson JSON library完成自己工程中编写的POJO类向JSON字符串的自动转化 如下面步骤中,可以将Greeting类实例自动转化成JSON字符串(其实就是自动将该POJO类对象的属性串成JSON格式的字符串) --> <dependency> <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId> <artifactId>json-path</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 单元测试相关的lib,提供用于单元测试的相关API 用于白盒测试,即程序员知道被测试的软件如何(How)完成功能和完成什么样(What)的功能的情况下编写的测试代码 根据Junit所定义的规则进行编写相关测试代码(如测试代码必须继承特定的类等等),可以实现“自动测试” 对不同性质的被测对象,如Class,Jsp,Servlet,Ejb等,Junit有不同的使用技巧--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--20161221:lxrm 修改:将下面的这些external dependencies注释掉 注释原因:研究了Spring协会旗下的所有projects之后,决定在spring boot这个project的基础上搭建自己的网站, 而不是直接依赖于spring framework来开发自己的网站,以期能够减少工作量,加快网站搭建进程 , 所以将下面的external dependencies注释掉,改为引进spring boot <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> </dependency> --> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>leapmotion-web</finalName> <!-- 注释原因:没注释之前,报错,错误原因是parent pom中已经指定过一次该插件,将此处配置注释掉以后不再报错 spring-boot-maven-plugin的功能有很多,具体包括: It collects all the jars on the classpath and builds a single, runnable "über-jar", which makes it more convenient to execute and transport your service. It searches for the public static void main() method to flag as a runnable class. It provides a built-in dependency resolver that sets the version number to match Spring Boot dependencies. You can override any version you wish, but it will default to Boot’s chosen set of versions. <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> --> </build> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!-- BOM:bill of materials,是一个external dependency的列表,该列表中确定了各个external dependency的版本 并且保证各个dependencies之间不会出现版本冲突问题 --> <dependency> <groupId>io.spring.platform</groupId> <artifactId>platform-bom</artifactId> <version>Athens-SR1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-releases</id> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>spring-releases</id> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </project>
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step3,编写java程序,测试spring boot是否成功引入
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- 参考教程:
- 1)spring官网guids
- 2)spring官网sample工程
- 3)博客:Spring4 MVC REST SERVICES---使用@RestController实例
- 代码:
- Greeting.java POJO类(domain/Model层)
- GreetingController.java (Controller层,有@RequestMapping之类的标注。In Spring’s approach to building RESTful web services, HTTP requests are handled by a controller. These components are easily identified by the
@RestController
annotation, and theGreetingController
below handlesGET
requests for/greeting
by returning a new instance of theGreeting
class:) - GreetingConfiguration.java (相当于配置文件 )
- GreetingInitializer.java(相当于配置文件:web.xml中所有与spring(springMVC)相关的配置)
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/** * @author lxrm * @date 20161221 * @description:spring boot的入门程序:hello world程序 * @function:这个类是一个POJO类,属于Model层的对象 * */ package hello; public class Greeting { private final long id; private final String content; public Greeting(long id,String content){ this.id=id; this.content=content; } public long getId(){ return this.id; } public Stirng getContent(){ return this.content; } }
/** * @author:lxrm * @date:20161221 * @description:spring-boot使用实例: hello world程序 * @function:本程序作为Controller,接收请求,调用相关业务层组件来完成处理任务,并返回处理结果 * In Spring’s approach to building RESTful web services, * HTTP requests are handled by a controller. * These components are easily identified by the @RestController annotation, * and the GreetingController below handles GET requests for /greeting * by returning a new instance of the Greeting class:*/ package hello; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class GreetingController { private satic final String template="Hello,%s!"; private final AtomicLong counter=new AtomicLong(); /**About @RequestMapping annotation * 1.The @RequestMapping annotation ensures that HTTP requests to * /greeting are mapped to the greeting() method. * * 2.The above example does not specify GET vs. PUT, POST, * and so forth, because @RequestMapping maps all HTTP operations by default. * Use @RequestMapping(method=GET) to narrow this mapping. * **About @RequestParam annotation * 1.@RequestParam 将请求中的参数name绑定到greeting()方法的参数name上. * This query string parameter is explicitly marked as optional (required=true by default): * if it is absent in the request, the defaultValue of "World" is used.*/ @RequestMapping("/greeting") public Greeting greeting(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="LXRM") String name) { /* * @return:创建一个Greeting对象并作为返回值返回 * */ return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(), String.format(template, name)); } }
/** * @author lxrm * @date 20161221 * @description:spring boot的入门程序:hello world程序 * @function:1)这个类使用@SpringBootApplication注解以及其子注解标签来使得your project中所添加的所有spring注解生效, * 有了@SpringBootApplication注解以及其子注解标签(@Configuration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@EnableWebMvc * @ComponentScan), * 就可以不用使用*.xml配置文件,从而使得 there wasn’t a single line of XML? No web.xml file either. * 最终整个web application is 100% pure Java * 2)这个类中添加了public static void main(String[] args)函数,这就使得整个project可以被打包成可执行的jar包, * 该jar包中包含所有necessary dependencies, classes, and resources,可以被直接运行 * */ package hello; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; /** * About @SpringBootApplication 注解 * @SpringBootApplication is a convenience annotation that adds all of the following: * @Configuration tags the class as a source of bean definitions for the application context. * @EnableAutoConfiguration tells Spring Boot to start adding beans based on classpath settings, * other beans, and various property settings. * @EnableWebMvc Normally you would add this annotion for a Spring MVC app, * but Spring Boot adds it automatically when it sees spring-webmvc on the classpath. * This flags the application as a web application and activates key behaviors * such as setting up a DispatcherServlet. * @ComponentScan(basePackage="包名") tells Spring to look for other components, configurations, * and services in the the hello package, allowing it to find the controllers. */ @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan(basePackages = "hello") public class GreetingConfiguration { /** * The main() method uses Spring Boot’s SpringApplication.run() method * to launch an application. */ /* public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } */ }
/** * @author lxrm * @date 20161221 * @description spring boot框架下的第一个程序:helloWorld程序 * @function 1.替代在web.xml中定义的任何spring相关的配置 * 2.这个类的功能类似于web.xml配置文件的功能,传统web application 中是通过在web.xml中添加相应的配置 * 如web.xml配置与springMVC相关的DispacthServlet来拦截客户端传来的HTTP请求,并交由spring的controller类处理相关请求, * 如配置spring注解相关的类,你的project中添加的与spring框架相关的注解才能被识别 * 3.spring 4版本中舍弃了*.xml配置文件,直接使用java程序来进行这些配置 * XxxConfiguration类使得spring注解生效 * XxxInitializer.java(本程序)使得XxxConfiguration类生效,并且配置web.xml中所配置的其他东西*/ package hello; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class GreetingInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { GreetingConfiguration.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } }
- 参考教程:
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