CDH平台中的安全，认证（Kerberos/LDAP）是第一步，授权（Sentry）是第二步。如果要启用授权，必须先启用认证。但在CDH平台中给出了一种测试模式，即不启用认证而只启用Sentry授权。但强烈不建议在生产系统中这样使用，因为如果没有用户认证，授权没有任何意义形同虚设，用户可以随意使用任何超级用户登录HiveServer2或者Impala，并不会做密码校验。注：本文档仅适用于测试环境。
本文档主要描述如何在CDH未启用认证的情况下安装，配置及使用Sentry。
内容概述
1.如何安装Sentry服务 2.Hive/Impala/Hue/HDFS服务如何与Sentry集成 3.Sentry测试
测试环境
1.操作系统为CentOS6.5 2.CM和CDH版本为5.11.1 3.采用root用户操作
前置条件
1.CDH集群运行正常 2.集群未启用认证服务(如Kerberos或LDAP)
2.Sentry安装
1.在MySQL中创建sentry数据库
建表语句：
create database sentry default character set utf8; CREATE USER 'sentry'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sentry. * TO 'sentry'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
命令行操作：
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 527-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: ... mysql> create database sentry default character set utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE USER 'sentry'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sentry.* TO 'sentry'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
2.进入Cloudera Manager控制台点击“添加服务”
3.进入服务添加界面
4.选择Sentry服务，点击“继续”
5.选择Sentry Server及Gateway的安装节点，点击“继续“，注意需提前在MySQL中建立好相关用户和数据库
6.输入Sentry服务的数据库信息，点击测试，测试通过，点击“继续”
7.等待服务安装成功，点击“继续”
8.点击“完成”，Sentry服务到此安装完成。
3.Sentry配置
3.1Hive配置
1.配置Hive使用Sentry服务
2.关闭Hive的用户模拟功能
3.集群未启用安全认证环境下，需要配置以下参数
<property> <name>sentry.hive.testing.mode</name> <value>true</value> </property>
3.2Impala配置
配置Impala与Sentry集成
3.3Hue配置
配置Hue与Sentry集成
3.4HDFS配置
配置HDFS开启ACLs与Sentry权限同步
完成以上配置后，回到Cloudera Manager主页，部署客户端配置并重启相关服务。
4.Sentry测试
4.1创建hive超级用户
1.使用beeline连接HiveServer2，并登录hive用户
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: hive Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0) Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0) Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
注意：标红部分为输入的hive用户，输入的hive用户并未真正的校验
2.创建一个admin角色
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role admin; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (2.52 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
3.为admin角色赋予超级权限
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant all on server server1 to role admin; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.221 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.2创建test表
使用beeline登录hive用户，创建一个test表，并插入测试数据
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create table test (s1 string, s2 string) row format delimitedfields terminated by ','; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.592 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> insert into test values('a','b'),('1','2'); ... INFO : OK No rows affected (20.123 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.3创建测试角色并授权给用户组
创建两个角色：
read：只能读default库test表，并授权给fayson用户组
write：只能写default库test表，并授权给user_w用户组
注意：集群所有节点必须存在fayson和user_w用户，用户默认用户组与用户名一致，赋权是针对用户组而不是针对用户。[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]# id fayson
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]# useradd fayson
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]# id fayson
uid=501(fayson) gid=501(fayson) groups=501(fayson) [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]# useradd user_w [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]# id user_w uid=502(user_w) gid=502(user_w) groups=502(user_w) [root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-master]#
1.使用hive用户创建创建read和write角色，并授权read角色对test表select权限，write角色对test表insert权限
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role read; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.094 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant select on table test to role read; INFO : OK No rows affected (0.1 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role write; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.105 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant insert on table test to role write; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.112 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
2.为fayson用户组授权read角色，为user_w用户组授权write角色
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role read to group fayson; … INFO : OK No rows affected (0.187 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role write to group user_w; … INFO : OK No rows affected (0.101 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.4beeline验证
1.使用fayson用户登录beeline进行验证
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 scan complete in 2ms Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: fayson Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0) Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0) Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> show tables; ... INFO : OK +-----------+--+ | tab_name | +-----------+--+ | test | +-----------+--+ 1 row selected (0.351 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select * from test; ... INFO : OK +----------+----------+--+ | test.s1 | test.s2 | +----------+----------+--+ | a | b | | 1 | 2 | +----------+----------+--+ 2 rows selected (0.24 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> insert into test values("2", "222"); Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges User fayson does not have privileges for QUERY The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->action=insert; (state=42000,code=40000) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
2.使用user_w用户登录beeline验证
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 scan complete in 2ms Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: user_w Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0) Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0) Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> show tables; INFO : OK +-----------+--+ | tab_name | +-----------+--+ | test | +-----------+--+ 1 row selected (0.365 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select * from test; Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges User user_w does not have privileges for QUERY The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s1->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> insert into test values("2", "333"); ... INFO : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20170902183535_56bcd189-544a-453f-9752-e40a9fed60c5); Time taken: 17.762 seconds INFO : OK No rows affected (18.035 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
验证总结:
fayson用户所属组为fayson拥有test表读权限，所以只能对test表进行selecth和count操作不能进行insert操作；
user_w用户所属组为user_w拥有test表写权限，所以只能对test表进行insert操作不能进行select和count操作；
4.5HDFS验证
1.切换至fayson用户下，浏览和查看/user/hive/warehouse/test数据目录及文件
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# su fayson [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 root]$ cd /home/fayson/ [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ ll total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 fayson fayson 19 Sep 5 12:55 test.txt [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse ls: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test Found 1 items -rwxrwx--x+ 3 hive hive 8 2017-09-05 12:52 /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0 [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0 a,b 1,2 [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -put test.txt /user/hive/warehouse/test put: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=WRITE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$
2.切换user_w用户下，浏览和查看/user/hive/warehouse/test数据目录及文件
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# su user_w [user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 root]$ cd /home/user_w/ [user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ cat test.txt 333,5555 eeee,dddd [user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse ls: Permission denied: user=user_w, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x [user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test ls: Permission denied: user=user_w, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x [user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -put test.txt /user/hive/warehouse/test [user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$
测试总结：
fayson用户所属用户组为fayson，该组只拥有对test表的读权限，因此fayson用户不能对/user/hive/warehouse目录下除test以外的其它目录进行查看（包含父目录），并且不能向test目录put文件，只能浏览和查看test目录下的文件。
user_w用户所属用户组为user_w，该组只拥有对test表的写权限，因此user_w用户不能对/user/hive/warehouse目录下的任何目录进行查看（包含父目录），并且只拥有向test目录put文件的权限。说明Sentry实现了HDFS的ACL同步。
4.6Hue验证
1.使用admin用户登录Hue，分别创建fayson和user_w用户
2.使用fayson用户登录Hue
可以查看test表
可以对test表进行count操作
只有SELECT权限不能向test表插入数据
FileBrower验证
不可以浏览/user/hive/warehouse目录
可以浏览有SELECT权限的/user/hive/warehouse/test数据目录
可以查看/user/hive/warehouse/test目录下的所有数据文件，但不能修改
3.使用user_w用户登录Hue
因为无SELECT权限，所以不能查询表信息
不能对test表进行count操作
可以向test表中插入数据
FileBrowser
不可以浏览test表数据目录的父目录/user/hive/warehouse
无SELECT权限也不能浏test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test
测试总结：
fayson和user_w用户均能通过hue界面看到test表，拥有read角色的fayson用户组能对test表进行select和count操作，并且能通过File Browser浏览和查看test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test。拥有write角色的user_w用户组只能对test表进行insert操作，但不能通过File Browser浏览和查看test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test。说明Sentry在命令行的操作和授权在Hue中依旧有效。
4.7Impala验证
1.使用fayson用户测试
登录集群任意节点命令行下切换到fayson用户下
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# su fayson [fayson@ip-172-31-6-148 root]$
在命令行执行impala-shell命令
[Not connected] > connect ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000; ... [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > show tables; Query: show tables +------+ | name | +------+ | test | +------+ Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.05s [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select * from test; ... +----+----------+ | s1 | s2 | +----+----------+ | 1 | tttttttt | +----+----------+ Fetched 1 row(s) in 5.32s [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select count(*) from test; ... +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 1 | +----------+ Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.14s [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > insert into test values('2', 'test2'); Query: insert into test values('2', 'test2') Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:37:56 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000) ERROR: AuthorizationException: User 'fayson' does not have privileges to execute 'INSERT' on: default.test [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] >
2.使用user_w用户测试
登录集群任意节点命令行下切换到user_w用户下
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]# su user_w [user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 root]$ impala-shell
在命令行执行命令impala-shell，进行如下操作
[user_w@ip-172-31-6-148 root]$ impala-shell ... [Not connected] > connect ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000; ... Query: show tables +------+ | name | +------+ | test | +------+ Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.06s [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select * from test; Query: select * from test Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:41:17 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000) ERROR: AuthorizationException: User 'user_w' does not have privileges to execute 'SELECT' on: default.test [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select count(*) from test; Query: select count(*) from test Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:41:23 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000) ERROR: AuthorizationException: User 'user_w' does not have privileges to execute 'SELECT' on: default.test [ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > insert into test values('2', 'impala insert'); Query: insert into test values('2', 'impala insert') Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:41:48 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000) Query progress can be monitored at: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000/query_plan?query_id=bd4a433465037682:77a7c3c400000000 Modified 1 row(s) in 0.71s
验证总结：
Impala与Sentry集成后可以使用Sentry来进行权限管理，拥有read角色的fayson用户组只能对test表进行select和count操作不能插入数据，拥有write角色的user_w
用户组只能对test表插入数据不能进行select和count操作。说明Sentry实现了Hive权限与Impala的同步。
5.Sentry列权限管理验证
1.在集群所有节点新增fayson_r用户
2.使用beeline登录hive用户
使用hive用户创建columnread角色，并为角色授权test表s1列的读权限，将columnread角色授权给fayson_r用户组。
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: hive Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1) Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1) Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role columnread; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.225 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant select(s1) on table test to role columnread; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.095 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role columnread to group fayson_r; ... INFO : OK No rows affected (0.091 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
3.使用beeline登录fayson_r用户测试
[root@ip-172-31-6-148 cdh-shell-bak]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 scan complete in 2ms Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: fayson_r Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1) Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1) Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> show tables; ... INFO : OK +-----------+--+ | tab_name | +-----------+--+ | test | +-----------+--+ 1 row selected (0.304 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select * from test; Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s2->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select s1 from test; ... INFO : OK +-------+--+ | s1 | +-------+--+ | a | | 1 | | 111 | | 333 | | eeee | +-------+--+ 5 rows selected (0.197 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select s2 from test; Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s2->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select count(*) from test; Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select count(s1) from test; ... INFO : OK +------+--+ | _c0 | +------+--+ | 5 | +------+--+ 1 row selected (23.855 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.浏览HDFS目录
[fayson_r@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse ls: Permission denied: user=fayson_r, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x [fayson_r@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test ls: Permission denied: user=fayson_r, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x [fayson_r@ip-172-31-6-148 ~]$
5.使用admin用户登录Hue，创建fayson_r用户，然后使用fayson_r用户登录
测试总结：
fayson_r用户所属用户组为fayson_r，该组只拥有对test表s1列的读权限，因此在select和count的时候只能对s1列进行select和count，fayson_r用户无权限浏览/user/hive/warehouse下的所有目录；使用hue只能对test表s1列进行select和count操作，无权限浏览/user/hive/warehouse目录及目录下所有子目录。
注意：Sentry只支持SELECT的列授权，不能用于INSERT和ALL的列授权。
6.备注
在使用beeline进行授权验证时，只是输入了username未做用户信息校验。在未启用认证服务的集群下，该文档的Sentry配置方式只适用于测试环境，不能用于生产环境。
在集群启用Sentry服务后，由于Sentry不支持Hive CLI权限管理，所以建议禁用Hive CLI。但在非安全环境下，不能通过hadoop.proxyuser.hive.groups来限制访问用户组。
7.Hive授权参考
7.1 角色创建和删除
create role test; drop role test;
7.2 角色授权和取消授权
grant select on table test_table to role role_name; revoke select on table test_table to role role_name;
表授权给角色
grant select on table test_table to role role_name; revoke select on table test_table to role role_name;
列授权给角色
grant select(column1,column2) on table test_table to role role_name; revoke select(column1,column2) on table test_table to role role_name;
7.3 组授权和取消授权
grant role role_name to group user_group; revoke role role_name to group user_group;
注意：Sentry适用于用户组授权，不适用与用户授权；
8.常见问题
不能创建角色，异常如下
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role admin; Error: Error whilecompiling statement: FAILED:InvalidConfigurationException hive.server2.authentication can't be none innon-testing mode (state=42000,code=40000) 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
原因：由于集群未启用Kerberos，需要配置sentry.hive.testing.mode为true
解决方法：参考3.1的第3步配置。