一、实验目标
- 掌握综合路由的配置方法；
- 掌握查看通过路由重分布学习产生的路由；
- 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式；
二、实验背景
假设某公司通过一台三层交换机连到公司出口路由器R1上，路由器R1再和公司外的另一台路由器R2连接。三层与R1间运行RIPv2路由协议，R1与R2间运行OSPF路由协议。现要做适当配置，实现公司内部主机与公司外部主机之间的相互通信。
三、技术原理
为了支持本设备能够运行多个路由协议进程，系统软件提供路由信息从一个路由进程重分布到另外一个路由进程的功能。比如你可以将OSPF路由域的路由重新分布后通告RIP路由域中，也可以将RIP路由域的路由重新分布后通告到OSPF路由域中。路由的相互重分布可以在所有的IP路由协议之间进行。
要把路由从一个路由域分布到另一个路由域，并且进行控制路由重分布，在路由进程配置模式中执行以下命令：
redistribute protocol [metric metric] [metric-type metric-type] [match internal | external type | nssa-external type] [tag tag] [route-map route-map-name] [subnets]
四、实验步骤
实验拓扑
1、PC与交换机间用直连线连接；PC与路由、路由与路由之间用交叉线连接。
2、在三层上划分2个VLAN，运行RIPv2协议；R2运行OSPF协议；
3、在路由器R1上左侧配置RIPv2路由协议；右侧配置OSPF协议；
4、在R1路由器进程中引入外部路由，进行路由重分布；
5、将PC1、PC2主机默认网关分别设置为与直连网络设备接口IP地址；
6、验证PC1、PC2主机之间可以互相通信；
S3560:
Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S3560
S3560(config)#vlan 10
S3560(config-vlan)#exit
S3560(config)#vlan 20
S3560(config-vlan)#exit
S3560(config)#interface fa0/10
S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface fa0/20
S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface vlan 10
S3560(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //配置vlan 10虚接口IP地址
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface vlan 20
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to upS3560(config-if)#
S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 //配置vlan 20虚接口IP地址
S3560(config-if)#no shut
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#router rip //配置RIPv2协议
S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
S3560(config-router)#version 2
S3560(config-router)#end
S3560#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
S3560#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
S3560#
S3560#
S3560#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/20, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/20, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
S3560#show ip route //三台设备配置好后的路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
S3560#show ip route //路由重分布后的路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:28, Vlan20
R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:28, Vlan20
S3560#
S3560#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1276 bytes
!
version 12.2
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname S3560
!
...
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
!
...
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
switchport access vlan 10
!
...
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
switchport access vlan 20
!
...
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan20
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.2.0
!
ip classless
!
...
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
!
end
S3560#
R1:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fa0/1
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router rip //R1左侧配置RIPv2路由协议
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 1 //R1右侧配置OSPF路由协议
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R1#
R1#
R1#
R1#show ip route //三台设备配置好后的路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.2, 00:01:22, FastEthernet0/1
R1#ping 192.168.1.2 //从R1 ping左侧主机，可以ping通
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
..!!!
Success rate is 60 percent (3/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 3/5/8 ms
R1#ping 192.168.4.2 //从R1 ping右侧主机，可以ping通
//此时左侧主机ping不通右侧主机
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 3/5/7 ms
R1#
R1#
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip ?
metric Metric for redistributed routes
metric-type OSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes
subnets Consider subnets for redistribution into OSPF
tag Set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF
<cr>
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
R1(config-router)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route //路由重分布后的路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.2, 00:02:41, FastEthernet0/1
R1#
R1#
R1#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 643 bytes
!
version 12.4
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
...
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute rip subnets
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute ospf 1
network 192.168.2.0
!
ip classless
!
...
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
!
end
R1#
R2:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface fa0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf
% Incomplete command.
R2(config)#router ospf 1 //配置R2 OSPF路由协议
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2#
00:06:39: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.3.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2#show ip route //路由重分布后的路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2#
PC1:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1
PC>ping 192.168.4.2 //路由重分布前，左右主机无法ping通
Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),
PC>ping 192.168.4.2 //路由重分布后，左右主机可以ping通
Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 10ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 12ms
PC>