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  • C# web api返回类型设置为json的两种方法

    web api写api接口时默认返回的是把你的对象序列化后以XML形式返回,那么怎样才能让其返回为json呢,下面就介绍两种方法:
    方法一:(改配置法)

    找到Global.asax文件,在Application_Start()方法中添加一句:

     代码如下:

    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Clear();

    修改后: 

    代码如下:
    protected void Application_Start() 
    { 
    AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 
    WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); 
    FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); 
    RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); 
    // 使api返回为json 
    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Clear(); 
    }

    这样返回的结果就都是json类型了,但有个不好的地方,如果返回的结果是String类型,如123,返回的json就会变成"123";

    解决的方法是自定义返回类型(返回类型为HttpResponseMessage)

    代码如下:
    public HttpResponseMessage PostUserName(User user) 
    { 
    String userName = user.userName; 
    HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(userName,Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") }; 
    return result; 
    }

    方法二:(万金油法)

    方法一中又要改配置,又要处理返回值为String类型的json,甚是麻烦,不如就不用web api中的的自动序列化对象,自己序列化后再返回

    代码如下:
    public HttpResponseMessage PostUser(User user) 
    { 
    JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 
    string str = serializer.Serialize(user); 
    HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") }; 
    return result; 
    }

    方法二是我比较推荐的方法,为了不在每个接口中都反复写那几句代码,所以就封装为一个方法这样使用就方便多了。

     代码如下:
    public static HttpResponseMessage toJson(Object obj) 
    { 
    String str; 
    if (obj is String ||obj is Char) 
    { 
    str = obj.ToString(); 
    } 
    else 
    { 
    JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 
    str = serializer.Serialize(obj); 
    } 
    HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") }; 
    return result; 
    }


    方法三:(最麻烦的方法)

    方法一最简单,但杀伤力太大,所有的返回的xml格式都会被毙掉,那么方法三就可以只让api接口中毙掉xml,返回json

    先写一个处理返回的类: 

     代码如下:

    public class JsonContentNegotiator : IContentNegotiator 
    { 
    private readonly JsonMediaTypeFormatter _jsonFormatter; 
    
    public JsonContentNegotiator(JsonMediaTypeFormatter formatter) 
    { 
    _jsonFormatter = formatter; 
    } 
    
    public ContentNegotiationResult Negotiate(Type type, HttpRequestMessage request, IEnumerable<MediaTypeFormatter> formatters) 
    { 
    var result = new ContentNegotiationResult(_jsonFormatter, new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json")); 
    return result; 
    } 
    }

    找到App_Start中的WebApiConfig.cs文件,打开找到Register(HttpConfiguration config)方法

    添加以下代码:

    代码如下:
    var jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(); 
    config.Services.Replace(typeof(IContentNegotiator), new JsonContentNegotiator(jsonFormatter));

    添加后代码如下:

     代码如下:

    public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) 
    { 
    config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( 
    name: "DefaultApi", 
    routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}", 
    defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } 
    ); 
    var jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(); 
    config.Services.Replace(typeof(IContentNegotiator), new JsonContentNegotiator(jsonFormatter)); 
    }

    方法三如果返回的结果是String类型,如123,返回的json就会变成"123",解决方法同方法一。

    其实web api会自动把返回的对象转为xml和json两种格式并存的形式,方法一与方法三是毙掉了xml的返回,而方法二是自定义返回。   

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/nele/p/WebApi.html
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