简单句

简单句

目录

• 一、什么是英文句子
• 二、句子的分类
  • 2.1 主谓
  • 2.2 主谓宾
  • 2.3 主 谓/系 表
  • 2.4 主谓双宾（了解）
  • 2.5 主谓宾补（了解）
• 三、句子的成分
  • 3.1 谓语
  • 3.2 主语
  • 3.3 宾语
  • 3.4 表语
  • 小结
• 四、时态
  • 4.1 一般过去时
  • 4.2 一般将来时
  • 4.3 现在完成时
  • 4.4 现在进行时
  • 4.5 一般现在时
• 五、动词的分类
  • 5.1 系动词
  • 5.2 助动词
  • 5.3 情态动词
  • 5.4 实义动词
• 六、写作
• 七、课后练兵
• 八、背诵单词
• 九、背诵句子

一、什么是英文句子

1. 中文的简单句可以灵活组合句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语），而英文的句子必须要有谓语，并且主语应该是谓语动作的发出者，宾语应该是谓语动作的承受者（牢记）。
   1. J001：我的英语说得很好：I speak English well.
   2. J002：北京西站，到了：We are arriving Beijing West Railway Station.
   3. J003：狗没有找到：I did not find the dog.
2. 练习：
   1. J004：我和你度过了一个美好的日子：I spent a good day with you.

注：I spent with you. 中并没有宾语，因为不可能度过和你，而应该是度过一个美好的日子，即这句话省略了宾语，原句应该是：I spent a good day with you.

二、句子的分类

2.1 主谓

1. J005：他死后，我们笑了：He died, then we laugh.

注：主语不仅是谓语的发出者，谓语还必须具有时态。

2.2 主谓宾

谓语为实义动词

2.3 主 谓/系 表

谓语为系动词，系动词分为以下4类：

1. be：am，is，are；
2. 感官动词：look，smell，taste，sound，feel；
3. 变化：become，get；
4. 保持：keep，stay，remain。

2.4 主谓双宾（了解）

两个宾语之间加上系动词，如果意思说不通，为主谓双宾

2.5 主谓宾补（了解）

1. J006：我给Nick买了一条狗：I bought Nick a dog.
2. J007：他给了我五个糖果：He gave me five sugars.
3. J008：狗让他开心：The dog makes him delight.

两个宾语之间加上系动词，如果意思说得通，为主谓宾补

三、句子的成分

3.1 谓语

1. 谓语的成分： 有时态的（暂时排除情态动词）实义动词（词组）或系动词
   1. J009：你的母亲一定像你一样高雅：Your mother must be very elegant like you.
   2. J010：我的旧情人非常喜欢我：My old flame loves me so much.
2. 练习：
   1. J011：在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利：In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract whit another private individual.
3. 一句话中的动词（词组）能不能多：谓语只能是动词（词组），动词（词组）只能充当谓语，因此一个句子中有多个动词（词组）时，我们需要把动词（词组）变成非谓语动词，有以下3种变法：
   1. V-ing：表示主动或进行（主动居多）；
      1. J012：嘲笑其他人的梦想是不对的：Laughing at other's dreams is not right.
      2. J013：我喜欢嘲笑其他人：I enjoy laughing at others.
   2. V-ed：表示被动或完成（被动居多）；
   3. to do：表示目的或将来（目的居多）。
      1. J014：我的计划是去嘲笑愚蠢的人：My plan is to laugh at those stupid ones.
4. 一句话中能不能没有动词（词组）：没有动词（词组）就表示一句话中没有谓语。
   1. J015：我反对你：I against be you.
5. 练习：
   1. J016：他哭着离开了：He left crying.
   2. J017：爱我就是抱抱我：Loving me is hugging me.
   3. J018：爱你是我最大的错误：Loving you is my biggest fault. 或 It is my biggest fault to love you.

总结：一句话中动词（词组）有且只能有一个，多余的变成非谓语结构，少了的加be动词。

注：非谓语动词可以充当除了动词的任何成分。

3.2 主语

1. 主语的成分：代词、名词（短语）、非谓语动词和从句。
   1. J019：我是一个老师：I am a teacher.
   2. J020：我的工作是教Python的：My job is to teach Python.
   3. J021：帮助你学好Python是我的工作：Helping you to learn Python well is my task.
2. 主语能否缺失：一个句子中如果没有主语，可以使用以下4种方式代替：
   1. it：句子缺少主语，并且和天气、温度相关
      1. J022：外面很热（主语不是外面，外面不能很热，而是温度）：It is hot outside.
      2. J023：重庆现在很冷（主语不是重庆，重庆不能冷，主语应该是温度）：It is cold in Jiangxi now.
      3. J024：外面在下雨（主语不是外面，外面不能下雨，主语应该是天气）：It is raining.
   2. there be：一个句子中没有主语，并且有“有”字
      1. J025：二师兄的头上有朵花：There exists a flower on the head of the second brother.
      2. J026：有很多人喜欢我：There seem immense amounts of individuals having affection for me.
      3. J027：有很多原因能解释我的观点：There remain numerous factors accounting for my perspective.
   3. 被动：一个句子没有主语或人称代词作为主语，可以变主动为被动。但是以下几种情况没有被动：
      1. 不及物动词没有被动
      2. 系动词没有被动
      3. Have表示“有”的时候没有被动
      4. J028：必须指出语法在考研中还是相当重要的：Grammar must be pointed out to be quite crucial in the examination of postgraduates.
      5. J029：越来越多的人意识到污染很严重：Pollution is realized exceedingly severe by an increasing number of people.
      6. J030：我们不应该盲目追星：Superstars should never be pursued blindly.
      7. J031：孝敬父母很重要：Respecting parents is argued to be of great importance by a sea of private individuals.
   4. 人称代词：以上三种无能为力的时候才允许破例使用，否则尽量不要使用。
      1. J032：我去上学：I go to school.

3.3 宾语

1. 宾语的成分：代词、名词（短语）、非谓语动词和从句。
   1. J033：我喜欢Nick：I love Nick.

3.4 表语

1. 表语的成分：代词、名词（短语）、非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语和从句。
   1. J034：我的梦想是成为一名科学家：My dream is becoming a scientist.

小结

	主语	谓语	宾语	表语
成分	代词、名词（短语）、非谓语动词和从句	代词、名词（短语）、非谓语动词和从句	代词、名词（短语）、非谓语动词和从句	代词、名词（短语）、非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语和从句

四、时态

4.1 一般过去时

1. 定义：过去某个时间点发生了某个动作
2. 构成：一般在动词后加ed，不规则的除外
3. 写作中的应用：举例或描述图表
   1. J035：2010年，使用手机的用户增长到了1500万：The number of subscribers using mobile phones increased to 15 million in 2010.
   2. J036：有一次，我生病了，但没有人照顾我：Once, I got sick but nobody took care of me.

4.2 一般将来时

1. 定义：表示动作尚未发生
2. 构成：will + be
3. 写作中的应用：状语从句中经常用到
   1. J037：当爱来临的时候，我要牵住他的手（主将从现）：When love comes, I will hold his hands.
   2. J038：因为他很正直，所以注定了在这场斗争中他会是一个牺牲品：Because he is pretty honest, he will be doomed to be the sacrifice in the fight.

4.3 现在完成时

1. 定义：
   1. 表示动作发生在过去，但是对现在造成了影响
   2. 表示动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且还可能持续
      1. J039：我在江西居住很多年了：I have been in Jiangxi for many years.
2. 构成：have + done
3. 写作中的应用：只要中文句子中出现“已经”或“曾经”，一般都可以用该时态
   1. J040：环境污染这个话题已经成为公众关注的焦点了：The subject as to environmental pollution has become the public concern.
   2. J041：父母曾经花费那么多时间和精力把我们抚养长大：Parents have spent a lot of time and energy bringing us up.

4.4 现在进行时

1. 定义：表示一个动作正在发生
2. 构成：be + V-ing
3. 写作中的应用：描述图画的时候，让语言更生动
   1. J042：守门员正在把自己想象得像蚂蚁一样渺小：The goalkeeper is imaging himself as small as an ant.
   2. J043：图片中一盏小油灯正在微笑：An oil lamp is smiling in the cartoon.

4.5 一般现在时

1. 定义：表示动作经常发生或客观真理
2. 构成：动词原来的形式，如果主语为第三人称单数，则动词后加-s或-es
3. 写作中的应用：写作绝对以一般现在时为主，作文中基本是该时态的天下
   1. J044：合作能使我们更快地完成工作：Cooperation enables us to finish our jobs as quickly as possible.
   2. J045：孝敬父母是中国民族的传统美德：Respecting parents is a Chinese traditional virtue.
   3. J046：Nick老师很帅：Teacher Nick keeps handsome.
   4. J047：环境污染越来越严重：Environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.

五、动词的分类

5.1 系动词

1. 系统词分为以下四类：
   1. be：am，is，are；
   2. 感官动词：look，smell，taste，sound，feel；
   3. 变化：become，get；
   4. 保持：keep，stay，remain。

5.2 助动词

1. 定义：帮助谓语构成时态、否定、疑问或被动的单词，有时还用于加强语气。
   1. J048：我教Python已经很多年了：I have taught English for years.
   2. J049：他知道那个：He did know that.

5.3 情态动词

1. 定义：表明说话人主观态度的词汇，不能单独使用，必须得加动词原形共同作谓语
   1. J050：我每天都煮饭：I cook every day.
   2. J051：我每天不得不煮饭：I have to cook every day.
   3. J052：我必须得出去：I must be go out.

5.4 实义动词

1. 及物动词：后面不加介词而是直接加宾语，并且后面必须加宾语的动词
   1. J053：看电视：Watch television.
2. 不及物动词：后面加介词才能加宾语的动词
   1. J054：看着我：Look at me.

六、写作

1. 把自己不会写的单词都换成自己会写的
2. 写不来的长难句暂时写成简单句
   1. J055：温室里的花朵不能经受风雨，这个事实证明孩子不应该被过分溺爱：The evidence that the flower in the green house fails to endure any storms indicates that kids should never be spoiled too much.
   2. J056：温室里的花朵不能经受风雨，这个事实证明孩子不应该被过分溺爱（简单句）：We should not protect our children too much. The flower in the house cannot suffer the rain.
3. 只要作文中有逻辑关系，就一定要用逻辑关系词

七、课后练兵

1. J057：这两天心理很不爽：I feel rather upset recently.
2. J058：全球在变暖：It is becoming warm throughout the world.
3. J059：重庆有很多人口：There exist a sea of citizens in Chongqing.
4. J060：如果有毅力，迟早都会成功：If there appears persistence in your mind, success will be achieved sooner or later.
5. J061：有意义就是好好活，好好活就是做有意义的事情：Being meaningful is to live happily and living happily is to do meaningful things.
6. J062：笑并不意味着快乐：Smile hardly means happiness.
7. J063：妒忌本身就是一种仰望：Jealousy itself is a kind of worship.
8. J064：建议政府采取措施来缓解这个问题：Authorities should be suggested to take measures so as to relieve the problem.
9. J065：毫无疑问，溺爱孩子的问题越来越严重了：There is little doubt that the issue of spoiling children is becoming growingly serve.
10. J066：保护运动员是应该的：Athletes ought to be protected.
11. J067：我弟弟每天上网，花大量的时间浏览不同的网页：My brother surfs the Internet every day, spending a lot of time looking on many different web sites.
12. J068：恨一个人其实就是拿别人的错误来惩罚自己：Hating a person is penalizing yourself because of the fault of others.
13. J069：他外表看起来很邋遢，内心却很高贵：He looks indecent in appearance but he is noble in his mind.
14. J070：生气使人变得愚蠢，这个道理是显而易见的：Outrage will make people foolish. This is quite obvious.
15. J071：最吸引人的问题是不少顾客只对买不起的商品感兴趣：The most attractive is this--many consumers are only interested in those products. But the cannot afford them.

八、背诵单词

elegant a.高雅的

old flame n.旧情人

doom n.厄运；判决；vt.注定

goalkeeper n.守门员

worship n.崇拜

九、背诵句子

1. 我的英语说得很好：I speak English well.
2. 北京西站，到了：We are arriving Beijing West Railway Station.
3. 狗没有找到：I did not find the dog.
4. 我和你度过了一个美好的日子：I spent a good day with you.
5. 他死后，我们笑了：He died, then we laugh.
6. 我给Nick买了一条狗：I bought Nick a dog.
7. 他给了我五个糖果：He gave me five sugars.
8. 狗让他开心：The dog makes him delight.
9. 你的母亲一定像你一样高雅：Your mother must be very elegant like you.
10. 我的旧情人非常喜欢我：My old flame loves me so much.
11. 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利：In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract whit another private individual.
12. 嘲笑其他人的梦想是不对的：Laughing at other's dreams is not right.
13. 我喜欢嘲笑其他人：I enjoy laughing at others.
14. 我的计划是去嘲笑愚蠢的人：My plan is to laugh at those stupid ones.
15. 我反对你：I against be you.
16. 他哭着离开了：He left crying.
17. 爱我就是抱抱我：Loving me is hugging me.
18. 爱你是我最大的错误：Loving you is my biggest fault. 或 It is my biggest fault to love you.
19. 我是一个老师：I am a teacher.
20. 我的工作是教Python的：My job is to teach Python.
21. 帮助你学好Python是我的工作：Helping you to learn Python well is my task.
22. 外面很热（主语不是外面，外面不能很热，而是温度）：It is hot outside.
23. 重庆现在很冷（主语不是重庆，重庆不能冷，主语应该是温度）：It is cold in Jiangxi now.
24. 外面在下雨（主语不是外面，外面不能下雨，主语应该是天气）：It is raining.
25. 二师兄的头上有朵花：There exists a flower on the head of the second brother.
26. 有很多人喜欢我：There seem immense amounts of individuals having affection for me.
27. 有很多原因能解释我的观点：There remain numerous factors accounting for my perspective.
28. 必须指出语法在考研中还是相当重要的：Grammar must be pointed out to be quite crucial in the examination of postgraduates.
29. 越来越多的人意识到污染很严重：Pollution is realized exceedingly severe by an increasing number of people.
30. 我们不应该盲目追星：Superstars should never be pursued blindly.
31. 孝敬父母很重要：Respecting parents is argued to be of great importance by a sea of private individuals.
32. 我去上学：I go to school.
33. 我喜欢Nick：I love Nick.
34. 我的梦想是成为一名科学家：My dream is becoming a scientist.
35. 2010年，使用手机的用户增长到了1500万：The number of subscribers using mobile phones increased to 15 million in 2010.
36. 有一次，我生病了，但没有人照顾我：Once, I got sick but nobody took care of me.
37. 当爱来临的时候，我要牵住他的手（主将从现）：When love comes, I will hold his hands.
38. 因为他很正直，所以注定了在这场斗争中他会是一个牺牲品：Because he is pretty honest, he will be doomed to be the sacrifice in the fight.
39. 我在江西居住很多年了：I have been in Jiangxi for many years.
40. 环境污染这个话题已经成为公众关注的焦点了：The subject as to environmental pollution has become the public concern.
41. 父母曾经花费那么多时间和精力把我们抚养长大：Parents have spent a lot of time and energy bringing us up.
42. 守门员正在把自己想象得像蚂蚁一样渺小：The goalkeeper is imaging himself as small as an ant.
43. 图片中一盏小油灯正在微笑：An oil lamp is smiling in the cartoon.
44. 合作能使我们更快地完成工作：Cooperation enables us to finish our jobs as quickly as possible.
45. 孝敬父母是中国民族的传统美德：Respecting parents is a Chinese traditional virtue.
46. Nick老师很帅：Teacher Nick keeps handsome.
47. 环境污染越来越严重：Environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
48. 我教Python已经很多年了：I have taught English for years.
49. 他知道那个：He did know that.
50. 我每天都煮饭：I cook every day.
51. 我每天不得不煮饭：I have to cook every day.
52. 我必须得出去：I must be go out.
53. 看电视：Watch television.
54. 看着我：Look at me.
55. 温室里的花朵不能经受风雨，这个事实证明孩子不应该被过分溺爱：The evidence that the flower in the green house fails to endure any storms indicates that kids should never be spoiled too much.
56. 温室里的花朵不能经受风雨，这个事实证明孩子不应该被过分溺爱（简单句）：We should not protect our children too much. The flower in the house cannot suffer the rain.
57. 这两天心理很不爽：I feel rather upset recently.
58. 全球在变暖：It is becoming warm throughout the world.
59. 重庆有很多人口：There exist a sea of citizens in Chongqing.
60. 如果有毅力，迟早都会成功：If there appears persistence in your mind, success will be achieved sooner or later.
61. 有意义就是好好活，好好活就是做有意义的事情：Being meaningful is to live happily and living happily is to do meaningful things.
62. 笑并不意味着快乐：Smile hardly means happiness.
63. 妒忌本身就是一种仰望：Jealousy itself is a kind of worship.
64. 建议政府采取措施来缓解这个问题：Authorities should be suggested to take measures so as to relieve the problem.
65. 毫无疑问，溺爱孩子的问题越来越严重了：There is little doubt that the issue of spoiling children is becoming growingly serve.
66. 保护运动员是应该的：Athletes ought to be protected.
67. 我弟弟每天上网，花大量的时间浏览不同的网页：My brother surfs the Internet every day, spending a lot of time looking on many different web sites.
68. 恨一个人其实就是拿别人的错误来惩罚自己：Hating a person is penalizing yourself because of the fault of others.
69. 他外表看起来很邋遢，内心却很高贵：He looks indecent in appearance but he is noble in his mind.
70. 生气使人变得愚蠢，这个道理是显而易见的：Outrage will make people foolish. This is quite obvious.
71. 最吸引人的问题是不少顾客只对买不起的商品感兴趣：The most attractive is this--many consumers are only interested in those products. But the cannot afford them.