SQL Server 灾难恢复31天之第3天：在还原数据库时确定需要哪些备份文件

说明：灾难恢复系列的文章是由 Robert Davis 写的，发布在SQLSoldier， 个人认为挺不错的，所以根据自己的理解，边测试边整理，并非直接翻译，如有不准确，欢迎指正。

本篇进入数据库灾难恢复第三篇，主要提供一个脚本，该脚本通过读取msdb库的一些备份记录信息，自动得到指定数据库最后一个全备+最后一个差异+这之后的全部Log备份。

场景：
假设你的数据库在某一个时间点被误删除了一个表或者多个表数据，之后发现这个问题，现在需要把数据恢复，那么你可能要先还原一个全备，再加一个差异备（如果有），然后再还原一堆Log备份，如果你5分钟一个Log备份，那么你如果快速的确定这些文件名称及所在位置，以快速还原呢？
再有，如果你想知道一条数据在什么时间被改的，那么你也可能要还原一这个数据库的备份，在还原Log备份时，每还原一个完成后查看数据是否被修改，这时候也需要快速确定要还原哪些备份文件以及顺序。

脚本：以下为Rober Davis提供的一个脚本(下载)，可以快速返回恢复数据库所需要的全部文件及目录，在使用时，需要指定数据库名称：即：Set @DBName = N'你的数据库名称';

Declare @DBName sysname,
    @DBBackupLSN numeric(25, 0);
Declare @Baks Table (
    BakID int identity(1, 1) not null primary key,
    backup_set_id int not null,
    media_set_id int not null,
    first_family_number tinyint not null,
    last_family_number tinyint not null,
    first_lsn numeric(25, 0) null,
    last_lsn numeric(25, 0) null,
    database_backup_lsn numeric(25, 0) null,
    backup_finish_date datetime null,
    type char(1) null,
    family_sequence_number tinyint not null,
    physical_device_name nvarchar(260) not null,
    device_type tinyint null)

Set NoCount On;

-- Set the name of the database you want to restore
Set @DBName = N'';

-- Get the most recent full backup with all backup files
Insert Into @Baks (backup_set_id,
    media_set_id,
    first_family_number,
    last_family_number,
    first_lsn,
    last_lsn,
    database_backup_lsn,
    backup_finish_date,
    type,
    family_sequence_number,
    physical_device_name,
    device_type)
Select Top(1) With Ties B.backup_set_id,
    B.media_set_id,
    B.first_family_number,
    B.last_family_number,
    B.first_lsn,
    B.last_lsn,
    B.database_backup_lsn,
    B.backup_finish_date,
    B.type,
    BF.family_sequence_number,
    BF.physical_device_name,
    BF.device_type
From msdb.dbo.backupset As B
Inner Join msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily As BF
    On BF.media_set_id = B.media_set_id
        And BF.family_sequence_number Between B.first_family_number And B.last_family_number
Where B.database_name = @DBName
And B.is_copy_only = 0
And B.type = 'D'
And BF.physical_device_name Not In ('Nul', 'Nul:')
Order By backup_finish_date desc, backup_set_id;

-- Get the lsn that the differential backups, if any, will be based on
Select @DBBackupLSN = database_backup_lsn
From @Baks;

-- Get the most recent differential backup based on that full backup
Insert Into @Baks (backup_set_id,
    media_set_id,
    first_family_number,
    last_family_number,
    first_lsn,
    last_lsn,
    database_backup_lsn,
    backup_finish_date,
    type,
    family_sequence_number,
    physical_device_name,
    device_type)
Select Top(1) With Ties B.backup_set_id,
    B.media_set_id,
    B.first_family_number,
    B.last_family_number,
    B.first_lsn,
    B.last_lsn,
    B.database_backup_lsn,
    B.backup_finish_date,
    B.type,
    BF.family_sequence_number,
    BF.physical_device_name,
    BF.device_type
From msdb.dbo.backupset As B
Inner Join msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily As BF
    On BF.media_set_id = B.media_set_id
        And BF.family_sequence_number Between B.first_family_number And B.last_family_number
Where B.database_name = @DBName
And B.is_copy_only = 0
And B.type = 'I'
And BF.physical_device_name Not In ('Nul', 'Nul:')
And B.database_backup_lsn = @DBBackupLSN
Order By backup_finish_date Desc, backup_set_id;

-- Get the last LSN included in the differential backup,
-- if one was found, or of the full backup
Select Top 1 @DBBackupLSN = last_lsn
From @Baks
Where type In ('D', 'I')
Order By BakID Desc;

-- Get first log backup, if any, for restore, where
-- last_lsn of previous backup is >= first_lsn of the
-- log backup and <= the last_lsn of the log backup
Insert Into @Baks (backup_set_id,
    media_set_id,
    first_family_number,
    last_family_number,
    first_lsn,
    last_lsn,
    database_backup_lsn,
    backup_finish_date,
    type,
    family_sequence_number,
    physical_device_name,
    device_type)
Select Top(1) With Ties B.backup_set_id,
    B.media_set_id,
    B.first_family_number,
    B.last_family_number,
    B.first_lsn,
    B.last_lsn,
    B.database_backup_lsn,
    B.backup_finish_date,
    B.type,
    BF.family_sequence_number,
    BF.physical_device_name,
    BF.device_type
From msdb.dbo.backupset B
Inner Join msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily As BF
    On BF.media_set_id = B.media_set_id
        And BF.family_sequence_number Between B.first_family_number And B.last_family_number
Where B.database_name = @DBName
And B.is_copy_only = 0
And B.type = 'L'
And BF.physical_device_name Not In ('Nul', 'Nul:')
And @DBBackupLSN Between B.first_lsn And B.last_lsn
Order By backup_finish_date, backup_set_id;

-- Get last_lsn of the first log backup that will be restored
Set @DBBackupLSN = Null;
Select @DBBackupLSN = Max(last_lsn)
From @Baks
Where type = 'L';

-- Recursively get all log backups, in order, to be restored
-- first_lsn of the log backup = last_lsn of the previous log backup
With Logs
As (Select B.backup_set_id,
        B.media_set_id,
        B.first_family_number,
        B.last_family_number,
        B.first_lsn,
        B.last_lsn,
        B.database_backup_lsn,
        B.backup_finish_date,
        B.type,
        BF.family_sequence_number,
        BF.physical_device_name,
        BF.device_type,
        1 As LogLevel
    From msdb.dbo.backupset B
    Inner Join msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily As BF
        On BF.media_set_id = B.media_set_id
            And BF.family_sequence_number Between B.first_family_number And B.last_family_number
    Where B.database_name = @DBName
    And B.is_copy_only = 0
    And B.type = 'L'
    And BF.physical_device_name Not In ('Nul', 'Nul:')
    And B.first_lsn = @DBBackupLSN
    Union All
    Select B.backup_set_id,
        B.media_set_id,
        B.first_family_number,
        B.last_family_number,
        B.first_lsn,
        B.last_lsn,
        B.database_backup_lsn,
        B.backup_finish_date,
        B.type,
        BF.family_sequence_number,
        BF.physical_device_name,
        BF.device_type,
        L.LogLevel + 1
    From msdb.dbo.backupset B
    Inner Join msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily As BF
        On BF.media_set_id = B.media_set_id
            And BF.family_sequence_number Between B.first_family_number And B.last_family_number
    Inner Join Logs L On L.database_backup_lsn = B.database_backup_lsn
    Where B.database_name = @DBName
    And B.is_copy_only = 0
    And B.type = 'L'
    And BF.physical_device_name Not In ('Nul', 'Nul:')
    And B.first_lsn = L.last_lsn)
Insert Into @Baks (backup_set_id,
    media_set_id,
    first_family_number,
    last_family_number,
    first_lsn,
    last_lsn,
    database_backup_lsn,
    backup_finish_date,
    type,
    family_sequence_number,
    physical_device_name,
    device_type)
Select backup_set_id,
    media_set_id,
    first_family_number,
    last_family_number,
    first_lsn,
    last_lsn,
    database_backup_lsn,
    backup_finish_date,
    type,
    family_sequence_number,
    physical_device_name,
    device_type
From Logs
Option(MaxRecursion 0);

-- Select out just the columns needed to script restore
Select RestoreOrder = Row_Number() Over(Partition By family_sequence_number Order By BakID),
    RestoreType = Case When type In ('D', 'I') Then 'Database'
            When type = 'L' Then 'Log'
        End,
    DeviceType = Case When device_type in (2, 102) Then 'Disk'
            When device_type in (5, 105) Then 'Tape'
        End,
    PhysicalFileName = physical_device_name
From @Baks
Order By BakID;

Set NoCount Off;

这是我的数据库返回的结果：

总结：
这个脚本可以快速准确的找到这些文件，并排好顺序，你可以再次加工，直接输出restore database/log 这样的脚本，生成满足你的个性化定制脚本，比如再加上stop at/standby等等。

另外，提供另外一个比较强大的自动化还原脚本.

SQL Server 灾难恢复31天之第4天：备份