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  • 浅读tomcat架构设计和tomcat启动过程(1)

      一图甚千言,这张图真的是耽搁我太多时间了:

        

         下面的tomcat架构设计代码分析,和这张图息息相关.

        使用maven搭建本次的环境,贴出pom.xml完整内容:

          

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>groupId</groupId>
        <artifactId>JavaWebDemo</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
                <version>8.0.14</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <properties>
            <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        </properties>
        
    </project>

        至此,环境已经准备就绪,就可以愉快看代码了.

        tomcat的Server是由org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina来管理的,Catalina是tomcat的管理类可以通过反射加载查看代码:

        Catalina类中有很多方法,他们具有不同的含义,其中

    public void load() {...
    public void start() {...
    public void stop() {...

      这些方法用于管理tomcat的生命周期,其中load方法:

      load方法重要前半部分:

    public void load() {
            long t1 = System.nanoTime();
            this.initDirs();
            this.initNaming();
            Digester digester = this.createStartDigester();
            InputSource inputSource = null;
            InputStream inputStream = null;
            File file = null;
    
            try {
                file = this.configFile();
                inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                inputSource = new InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString());

        load方法重要后半部分:

          

            this.getServer().setCatalina(this);
                this.getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());
                this.getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());
                this.initStreams();
    
                try {
                    this.getServer().init();

            

           

          其中load方法是根据创建conf/server.xml文件来创建Server,并调用Server的init方法进行初始化

        start和stop方法暂定,下面会讲到.这三个方法都会按照容器结构逐层调用相应的方法.

        不过tomcat的入口main方法并不在Catalina类里,而是在org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap类中,这样做的好处是tomcat管理类和入口类实现分离

        Bootstrap是tomcat的入口,正常情况下启动tomcat就是调用Bootstrap类的main方法,代码如下:   

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            if (daemon == null) {
           //新建一个bootstrap Bootstrap bootstrap
    = new Bootstrap(); try {
            //初始化 bootstrap.init(); }
    catch (Throwable var3) { handleThrowable(var3); var3.printStackTrace(); return; }         //赋值给daemon daemon = bootstrap; } else { Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(daemon.catalinaLoader); } try { String command = "start"; if (args.length > 0) { command = args[args.length - 1]; } if (command.equals("startd")) { args[args.length - 1] = "start"; daemon.load(args); daemon.start(); } else if (command.equals("stopd")) { args[args.length - 1] = "stop"; daemon.stop(); } else if (command.equals("start")) { daemon.setAwait(true); daemon.load(args); daemon.start(); } else if (command.equals("stop")) { daemon.stopServer(args); } else if (command.equals("configtest")) { daemon.load(args); if (null == daemon.getServer()) { System.exit(1); } System.exit(0); } else { log.warn("Bootstrap: command "" + command + "" does not exist."); } } catch (Throwable var4) { Throwable t = var4; if (var4 instanceof InvocationTargetException && var4.getCause() != null) { t = var4.getCause(); } handleThrowable(t); t.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } }

      Bootstrap类中的main方法只干两件事情,(1):新建一个bootstrap,并执行init方法初始化,初始化后赋值给daemon,然后处理main方法传入进来的命令,来判断执行对应的方法,比如传入start,执行start方法,如果传入错误的命令,直接告警command不存在.

        在main方法中,daemon调用了好几个方法,当main方法传入的命令是start的时候,会自动调用setAwait(true),load()和start()方法:

          

    } else if (command.equals("start")) {
                    daemon.setAwait(true);
                    daemon.load(args);
                    daemon.start();

        跟进start方法:

          org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap#182:

    public void start() throws Exception {
            if (this.catalinaDaemon == null) {
                this.init();
            }
    
            Method method = this.catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod("start", (Class[])null);
            method.invoke(this.catalinaDaemon, (Object[])null);
        }

      首先会判断你的catalinaDaemon是否为空,不为空,再用反射调用start方法,然后实例化类.

        所以上面的daemon.start相当于:(Catalina)catalinaDaemon.start()

        同理,其他的方法如setAwait(true)和load方法也是通过反射调用,这里不在展示代码.

      

      从前面的分析,我们知道tomcat入口类会调用tomcat管理类的start,load,setAwait方法:

        tomcat入口类Bootstarp和tomcat管理类Catalina是相辅相成的:

        Catalina的启动主要是调用setAwait,load和start方法来完成的,setAwait方法用于设置Server启动完成后是否进入等待状态的标志,如果为true就进入,否则讲究不进入

        load方法会自动加载server.xml配置文件,创建并初始化Server [getServer.init()] 

        start方法用于启动服务器 

        下面一个个看下这些方法:

        首先来看setAwait方法:

        org.apache.startup.Catalina:

    public void setAwait(boolean b) {
            this.await = b;
        }

      

      这个方法就是设置await的属性值,await属性会在start方法中的服务器启动完成之后,使用它来判断是否进入等待状态:

        查看load方法,文章开头已经讲了load方法,load方法中会根据conf/server.xml创建Server对象,并调用server的init方法来初始化

        Catalina的start方法查看:

          

    public void start() {
            if (this.getServer() == null) {
                this.load();
            }
    
            if (this.getServer() == null) {
                log.fatal("Cannot start server. Server instance is not configured.");
            } else {
                long t1 = System.nanoTime();
    
                try {
             //调用Server的start方法启动服务器
    this.getServer().start(); } catch (LifecycleException var7) { log.fatal(sm.getString("catalina.serverStartFail"), var7); try { this.getServer().destroy(); } catch (LifecycleException var6) { log.debug("destroy() failed for failed Server ", var6); } return; } long t2 = System.nanoTime(); if (log.isInfoEnabled()) { log.info("Server startup in " + (t2 - t1) / 1000000L + " ms"); } if (this.useShutdownHook) { if (this.shutdownHook == null) { this.shutdownHook = new Catalina.CatalinaShutdownHook(); } Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(this.shutdownHook); LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager(); if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) { ((ClassLoaderLogManager)logManager).setUseShutdownHook(false); } }         //判断等待状态 if (this.await) { this.await(); this.stop(); } } }

        start方法主要调用了server的start方法启动服务器,并根据等待状态判断是否让程序进行等待状态

       这里首先判断getServer是否存在,如果不存在就启动server的load方法进行初始化Server.然后调用Server的start方法来启动服务器,注册判断await属性.在tomcat入口类Bootstrap类中,设置await为true,所以需要进入等待状态,跟进逻辑判断的await方法,静态调试进入:

        org.apache.catalina.core.StandServer:

        

      发现await方法内部会执行一个while循环,这样程序就会停到awit方法,当await方法里的while循环退出时,就会执行stop方法,从而关闭服务器.

        

        通过上面的学习,我们简单梳理了tomcat的入口类Bootstrap类和tomcat的管理类Catalina

        继续学习往下突进:

        Server接口的默认实现是org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer,可通过反射加载进入查看代码:

       

        

    public final class StandardServer extends LifecycleMBeanBase implements Server {

      StandardServer类继承自LifecycleMBeanBase类,跟进LifecycleMBeanBase类:

        org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleMBeanBase:

        

      LifecycleMBeanBase类又继承自LifecycleBase:

        org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase:

      

        查看LifecycleBase类的init和start方法:

          org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase:

     public final synchronized void init() throws LifecycleException {
            if (!this.state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
                this.invalidTransition("before_init");
            }
    
            this.setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZING, (Object)null, false);
    
            try {
                this.initInternal();
            } catch (Throwable var2) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(var2);
                this.setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, (Object)null, false);
                throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.initFail", new Object[]{this.toString()}), var2);
            }
    
            this.setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED, (Object)null, false);
        }

       发现init方法会调用initInternal方法:

        

      initInternal是一个模块方法,需要其子类去实现此方法.

        LifecycleBase类start方法:

        截取部分:     

    public final synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException {
            if (!LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(this.state) && !LifecycleState.STARTING.equals(this.state) && !LifecycleState.STARTED.equals(this.state)) {
                if (this.state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
                    this.init();
                } else if (this.state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) {
                    this.stop();
                } else if (!this.state.equals(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED) && !this.state.equals(LifecycleState.STOPPED)) {
                    this.invalidTransition("before_start");
                }
    
                this.setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP, (Object)null, false);
    
                try {
                    this.startInternal();
                } catch (Throwable var2) {
                    ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(var2);
                    this.setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, (Object)null, false);
                    throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.startFail", new Object[]{this.toString()}), var2);
                }

        会调用this.startInternal();方法:

        

      startInternal方法也是模块方法,需要其子类去具体实现方法:

        我们的StandardServer类和LifecycleMBeanBase类都是继承自LifecycleBase,都是LifecycleBase的子类,都可以去实现方法的.

       回到StandardServer类,查看initInternal方法实现:

      org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer:

    protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
            super.initInternal();
            this.onameStringCache = this.register(new StringCache(), "type=StringCache");
            MBeanFactory factory = new MBeanFactory();
            factory.setContainer(this);
            this.onameMBeanFactory = this.register(factory, "type=MBeanFactory");
            this.globalNamingResources.init();
            if (this.getCatalina() != null) {
      ..................

        

      查看startInternal方法具体实现:

    protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
            this.fireLifecycleEvent("configure_start", (Object)null);
            this.setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
            this.globalNamingResources.start();
            synchronized(this.servicesLock) {
                for(int i = 0; i < this.services.length; ++i) {
                    this.services[i].start();
                }
    
            }
        }

        除了startInternal和initInternal方法,StandardServer中还实现了await方法,Catalina中就是调用它让服务器进入等待状态的:

    public void await() {
            if (this.port != -2) {
                if (this.port == -1) {
                    try {
                        this.awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
    
                        while(!this.stopAwait) {
                            try {
                                Thread.sleep(10000L);
                            } catch (InterruptedException var64) {
                            }
                        }
                    } finally {
                        this.awaitThread = null;
                    }
    
                } else {
                    try {
                        this.awaitSocket = new ServerSocket(this.port, 1, InetAddress.getByName(this.address));
                    } catch (IOException var67) {
                        log.error("StandardServer.await: create[" + this.address + ":" + this.port + "]: ", var67);
                        return;
                    }
    
                    boolean var32 = false;
    
                    ServerSocket serverSocket;
                    try {
                        var32 = true;
                        this.awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
    
                        while(true) {
                            if (this.stopAwait) {
                                var32 = false;
                                break;
                            }
    
                            serverSocket = this.awaitSocket;
                            if (serverSocket == null) {
                                var32 = false;
                                break;
                            }
    
                            Socket socket = null;
                            StringBuilder command = new StringBuilder();
    
                            label603: {
                                label602: {
                                    try {
                                        label618: {
                                            long acceptStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    
                                            InputStream stream;
                                            try {
                                                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                                                socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
                                                stream = socket.getInputStream();
                                            } catch (SocketTimeoutException var69) {
                                                log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.timeout", new Object[]{System.currentTimeMillis() - acceptStartTime}), var69);
                                                continue;
                                            } catch (AccessControlException var70) {
                                                log.warn("StandardServer.accept security exception: " + var70.getMessage(), var70);
                                                continue;
                                            } catch (IOException var71) {
                                                if (this.stopAwait) {
                                                    break label602;
                                                }
    
                                                log.error("StandardServer.await: accept: ", var71);
                                                break label618;
                                            }
    
                                            int expected;
                                            for(expected = 1024; expected < this.shutdown.length(); expected += this.random.nextInt() % 1024) {
                                                if (this.random == null) {
                                                    this.random = new Random();
                                                }
                                            }
    
                                            while(true) {
                                                if (expected <= 0) {
                                                    break label603;
                                                }
    
                                                boolean var8 = true;
    
                                                int ch;
                                                try {
                                                    ch = stream.read();
                                                } catch (IOException var66) {
                                                    log.warn("StandardServer.await: read: ", var66);
                                                    ch = -1;
                                                }
    
                                                if (ch < 32) {
                                                    break label603;
                                                }
    
                                                command.append((char)ch);
                                                --expected;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    } finally {
                                        try {
                                            if (socket != null) {
                                                socket.close();
                                            }
                                        } catch (IOException var63) {
                                        }
    
                                    }
    
                                    var32 = false;
                                    break;
                                }
    
                                var32 = false;
                                break;
                            }
    
                            boolean match = command.toString().equals(this.shutdown);
                            if (match) {
                                log.info(sm.getString("standardServer.shutdownViaPort"));
                                var32 = false;
                                break;
                            }
    
                            log.warn("StandardServer.await: Invalid command '" + command.toString() + "' received");
                        }
                    } finally {
                        if (var32) {
                            ServerSocket serverSocket = this.awaitSocket;
                            this.awaitThread = null;
                            this.awaitSocket = null;
                            if (serverSocket != null) {
                                try {
                                    serverSocket.close();
                                } catch (IOException var62) {
                                }
                            }
    
                        }
                    }
    
                    serverSocket = this.awaitSocket;
                    this.awaitThread = null;
                    this.awaitSocket = null;
                    if (serverSocket != null) {
                        try {
                            serverSocket.close();
                        } catch (IOException var65) {
                        }
                    }
    
                }
            }
        }

       StandardServer类中的await实现代码很长,他大概率的处理逻辑是这样的:

        首先判断port端口号,port=多少就进入哪个逻辑判断:

        

      port为-1就进入一个while循环:

          

      代码中没有break语句,只有在调用stop的时候,当stopAwait为true,才会退出循环

         当port为其他值得时候,走else语句:

        

         创建ServerSocket对象,跟进代码,发现是个绑定操作,绑定地址和端口:

            

      往下看代码,等待接收消息,它会把等待接收消息的数据存储到StringBuilder command中:

        

    StringBuilder command = new StringBuilder();
    
                            label603: {
                                label602: {
                                    try {
                                        label618: {
                                            long acceptStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    
                                            InputStream stream;
                                            try {
                                                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                                                socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
                                                stream = socket.getInputStream();
                                            } catch (SocketTimeoutException var69) {
                                                log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.timeout", new Object[]{System.currentTimeMillis() - acceptStartTime}), var69);
                                                continue;
                                            } catch (AccessControlException var70) {
                                                log.warn("StandardServer.accept security exception: " + var70.getMessage(), var70);
                                                continue;
                                            } catch (IOException var71) {
                                                if (this.stopAwait) {
                                                    break label602;
                                                }
    
                                                log.error("StandardServer.await: accept: ", var71);
                                                break label618;
                                            }
    
                                            int expected;
                                            for(expected = 1024; expected < this.shutdown.length(); expected += this.random.nextInt() % 1024) {
                                                if (this.random == null) {
                                                    this.random = new Random();
                                                }
                                            }
    
                                            while(true) {
                                                if (expected <= 0) {
                                                    break label603;
                                                }
    
                                                boolean var8 = true;
    
                                                int ch;
                                                try {
                                                    ch = stream.read();
                                                } catch (IOException var66) {
                                                    log.warn("StandardServer.await: read: ", var66);
                                                    ch = -1;
                                                }
    
                                                if (ch < 32) {
                                                    break label603;
                                                }
    
                                                command.append((char)ch);
                                                --expected;
                                            }

      继续往下看代码,就是把监听接收到的命令和shutdown匹配,如果匹配上,就break退出循环:

    //检查在指定端口接收到的命令是否和shutdown匹配
    boolean match = command.toString().equals(this.shutdown);
                            if (match) {
                                log.info(sm.getString("standardServer.shutdownViaPort"));
                                var32 = false;
                                break;
                            }

       

        这里的shutdown和port对应的是conf/server.xml文件中的:

          

          

      这时程会在8005端口监听shutdown命令,如果接收到就关闭tomcat. 对接收到的数据,tomcat也是有要求的:

        

                              int ch;
                                                try {
                                                    ch = stream.read();
                                                } catch (IOException var66) {
                                                    log.warn("StandardServer.await: read: ", var66);
                                                    ch = -1;
                                                }
    
                                                if (ch < 32) {
                                                    break label603;
                                                }

      接收到的数据ascii<32,会自动截断掉摒弃.

      

      现在已经讲完了Server的启动过程,以及上面讲的tomcat管理类和tomcat入口类,继续冲

        Service的启动过程:

        Service的默认实现类是:org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService

        

        StandardService和StandardServer一样,都继承自LifecycleMBeanBase,而LifecycleMBeanBase继承自LifecycleBase:

        所以StandardService也是会调用initInternal和startInternal方法:

        来看下这两个方法:

          先看initInternal方法:

    protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
            super.initInternal();
            if (this.container != null) {
                this.container.init();
            }
    
            Executor[] arr$ = this.findExecutors();
            int len$ = arr$.length;
    
            int len$;
            for(len$ = 0; len$ < len$; ++len$) {
                Executor executor = arr$[len$];
                if (executor instanceof JmxEnabled) {
                    ((JmxEnabled)executor).setDomain(this.getDomain());
                }
    
                executor.init();
            }
    
            this.mapperListener.init();
            synchronized(this.connectorsLock) {
                Connector[] arr$ = this.connectors;
                len$ = arr$.length;
    
                for(int i$ = 0; i$ < len$; ++i$) {
                    Connector connector = arr$[i$];
    
                    try {
                        connector.init();
                    } catch (Exception var9) {
                        String message = sm.getString("standardService.connector.initFailed", new Object[]{connector});
                        log.error(message, var9);
                        if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
                            throw new LifecycleException(message);
                        }
                    }
                }
    
            }
        }

         可以发现StandardService类的initInternl方法先调用父类型的initInternl方法,然后开始调用this.container.init(); executor.init();connector.init();

        完整代码:    

    protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
            if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                log.info(sm.getString("standardService.start.name", new Object[]{this.name}));
            }
    
            this.setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
            if (this.container != null) {
                synchronized(this.container) {
                    this.container.start();
                }
            }
    
            synchronized(this.executors) {
                Iterator i$ = this.executors.iterator();
    
                while(true) {
                    if (!i$.hasNext()) {
                        break;
                    }
    
                    Executor executor = (Executor)i$.next();
                    executor.start();
                }
            }
    
            this.mapperListener.start();
            synchronized(this.connectorsLock) {
                Connector[] arr$ = this.connectors;
                int len$ = arr$.length;
    
                for(int i$ = 0; i$ < len$; ++i$) {
                    Connector connector = arr$[i$];
    
                    try {
                        if (connector.getState() != LifecycleState.FAILED) {
                            connector.start();
                        }
                    } catch (Exception var8) {
                        log.error(sm.getString("standardService.connector.startFailed", new Object[]{connector}), var8);
                    }
                }
    
            }
        }

       可以发现StandardService类的startInternl方法,主要调用了: this.container.start(); executor.start();this.mapperListener.start();connector.start();

        mapperListener是Mapper的监听器,可以监听container容器的变化,executors是用在connectors中管理线程的线程池

        在server.xml配置文件中有参考用法,不过默认是注释掉的:

          内容如下:     

    <Service name="Catalina">
    
        <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
        <!--
        <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
            maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
        -->

          

      这样Connector就配置了一个tomcatThreadPool线程池,最多可以同时启动150个线程,最少4个可用线程

      整个tomcat的启动流程如下:    

        tomcat 入口类:Bootstrap---->tomcat 管理类:Calalina----->Sever实现类:StandardServer ----->Service实现类:StandardSercice ----->MapperListencer----->Executor----->Connector   

          

      

        

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/piaomiaohongchen/p/14977272.html
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