题目链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/add-and-search-word-data-structure-design/
题目描述:
设计一个支持以下两种操作的数据结构:
void addWord(word)
bool search(word)
search(word) 可以搜索文字或正则表达式字符串,字符串只包含字母 . 或 a-z 。 . 可以表示任何一个字母。
示例:
addWord("bad")
addWord("dad")
addWord("mad")
search("pad") -> false
search("bad") -> true
search(".ad") -> true
search("b..") -> true
说明:
你可以假设所有单词都是由小写字母 a-z
组成的。
思路:
这道题就是使用 前缀树(字典树)
先把前缀树的数据结构练习一下208. 实现 Trie (前缀树) | 题解链接
相关题型:
代码:
class WordDictionary:
def __init__(self):
"""
Initialize your data structure here.
"""
from collections import defaultdict
self.lookup = {}
def addWord(self, word: str) -> None:
"""
Adds a word into the data structure.
"""
tree = self.lookup
for a in word:
tree = tree.setdefault(a, {})
tree["#"] = {}
def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
"""
Returns if the word is in the data structure. A word could contain the dot character '.' to represent any one letter.
"""
def helper(word, tree):
if not word:
if "#" in tree:
return True
return False
if word[0] == ".":
for t in tree:
if helper(word[1:], tree[t]):
return True
elif word[0] in tree:
if helper(word[1:], tree[word[0]]):
return True
return False
return helper(word, self.lookup)