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  • 魔咒词典 HDU

    哈利波特在魔法学校的必修课之一就是学习魔咒。据说魔法世界有100000种不同的魔咒,哈利很难全部记住,但是为了对抗强敌,他必须在危急时刻能够调用任何一个需要的魔咒,所以他需要你的帮助。

    给你一部魔咒词典。当哈利听到一个魔咒时,你的程序必须告诉他那个魔咒的功能;当哈利需要某个功能但不知道该用什么魔咒时,你的程序要替他找到相应的魔咒。如果他要的魔咒不在词典中,就输出“what?”
    Input
    首先列出词典中不超过100000条不同的魔咒词条,每条格式为:

    [魔咒] 对应功能

    其中“魔咒”和“对应功能”分别为长度不超过20和80的字符串,字符串中保证不包含字符“[”和“]”,且“]”和后面的字符串之间有且仅有一个空格。词典最后一行以“@END@”结束,这一行不属于词典中的词条。
    词典之后的一行包含正整数N(<=1000),随后是N个测试用例。每个测试用例占一行,或者给出“[魔咒]”,或者给出“对应功能”。
    Output
    每个测试用例的输出占一行,输出魔咒对应的功能,或者功能对应的魔咒。如果魔咒不在词典中,就输出“what?”
    Sample Input
    [expelliarmus] the disarming charm
    [rictusempra] send a jet of silver light to hit the enemy
    [tarantallegra] control the movement of one's legs
    [serpensortia] shoot a snake out of the end of one's wand
    [lumos] light the wand
    [obliviate] the memory charm
    [expecto patronum] send a Patronus to the dementors
    [accio] the summoning charm
    @END@
    4
    [lumos]
    the summoning charm
    [arha]
    take me to the sky
    Sample Output
    light the wand
    accio
    what?
    what?

    题意:

    思路:
    感觉很毒瘤的一题,卡掉map却让暴力可以过,暴力时间复杂度 801e51e3 能过,出题人出数据也长点心。

    暴力就太没意思了,讲一下hash的做法吧

    把字符串转为ll范围的hash值,然后再用一个map把ll范围的hash值转为 字符串数组的下标即可做。

    也可以直接用双hash,就可以用两个int的pair<int,int> 作为字符串的索引,,

    有两份代码,第一个是单hash,第二个是双hash。

    细节见代码:

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <queue>
    #include <stack>
    #include <map>
    #include<iostream>
    #include<string>
    #include<map>
    #include<utility>
    #include <set>
    #include <vector>
    #include <iomanip>
    #define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
    #define rt return
    #define dll(x) scanf("%I64d",&x)
    #define xll(x) printf("%I64d
    ",x)
    #define sz(a) int(a.size())
    #define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
    #define rep(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<n;i++)
    #define repd(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<=n;i++)
    #define pii pair<int,int>
    #define pll pair<long long ,long long>
    #define gbtb ios::sync_with_stdio(false),cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0)
    #define MS0(X) memset((X), 0, sizeof((X)))
    #define MSC0(X) memset((X), '', sizeof((X)))
    #define pb push_back
    #define mp make_pair
    #define fi first
    #define se second
    #define eps 1e-6
    #define gg(x) getInt(&x)
    #define chu(x) cout<<"["<<#x<<" "<<(x)<<"]"<<endl
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long ll;
    ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a;}
    ll lcm(ll a, ll b) {return a / gcd(a, b) * b;}
    ll powmod(ll a, ll b, ll MOD) {ll ans = 1; while (b) {if (b % 2)ans = ans * a % MOD; a = a * a % MOD; b /= 2;} return ans;}
    inline void getInt(int* p);
    const int maxn = 300007;
    const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    /*** TEMPLATE CODE * * STARTS HERE ***/
    string a[maxn];
    // string b[maxn];
    const ll p = 6151ll;
    const ll mod = 1610612741;
    map<ll, int> m;
    string s1;
    int main() {
    	// freopen("D:\code\text\input.txt", "r", stdin);
    	//freopen("D:\code\text\output.txt","w",stdout);
    	// gbtb;
    	string s2;
    	int id = 0;
    	while (1) {
    		getline(cin, s1);
    		if (s1[0] == '@') {
    			break;
    		}
    		s2 = s1.substr(s1.find(']') + 2);
    		s1 = s1.substr(0, s1.find(']'));
    		s1.erase(s1.begin());
    		int len = s1.length();
    		// cout << s1 << endl << s2 << endl;
    		ll num = 0ll;
    		repd(i, 0, len - 1) {
    			num = (num * p % mod + s1[i]) % mod;
    		}
    		// cout << num << " " << s1 << endl;
    		a[++id] = s2;
    		m[num] = id;
    
    		num = 0ll;
    		len = s2.length();
    		repd(i, 0, len - 1) {
    			num = (num * p % mod + s2[i]) % mod;
    		}
    		// cout << num << " " << s2 << endl;
    		a[++id] = s1;
    		m[num] = id;
    		// cout<<s1<<" "<<s2<<endl;
    	}
    	int q;
    	// cin >> q;
    	scanf("%d", &q);
    	string ask;
    	getchar();
    	// getline(cin, ask);
    	while (q--) {
    		getline(cin, ask);
    		// chu(ask);
    		if (ask[0] == '[') {
    			int len = ask.length();
    			ll num = 0ll;
    			repd(i, 1, len - 2) {
    				num = (num * p % mod + ask[i]) % mod;
    			}
    			// cout << num << " " << ask << endl;
    			if (m.find(num) == m.end()) {
    				cout << "what?" << '
    ';
    			} else {
    				cout << a[m[num]] << "
    ";
    			}
    		} else {
    			int len = ask.length();
    			ll num = 0ll;
    			repd(i, 0, len - 1) {
    				num = (num * p % mod + ask[i]) % mod;
    			}
    			// cout << num << " " << ask << endl;
    			if (m.find(num) == m.end()) {
    				cout << "what?" << '
    ';
    			} else {
    				cout << a[m[num]] << "
    ";
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	// cout << endl;
    	return 0;
    }
    
    inline void getInt(int* p) {
    	char ch;
    	do {
    		ch = getchar();
    	} while (ch == ' ' || ch == '
    ');
    	if (ch == '-') {
    		*p = -(getchar() - '0');
    		while ((ch = getchar()) >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
    			*p = *p * 10 - ch + '0';
    		}
    	} else {
    		*p = ch - '0';
    		while ((ch = getchar()) >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
    			*p = *p * 10 + ch - '0';
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    
    
    
    

    双hash

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <limits>
    #include <vector>
    #include <stack>
    #include <queue>
    #include <set>
    #include <map>
    #define lowbit(x) ( x&(-x) )
    #define pi 3.141592653589793
    #define e 2.718281828459045
    using namespace std;
    typedef unsigned long long ull;
    typedef long long ll;
    const int maxN=1e5+7;       //同时充当mod作用
    const int Hash_1=131, Hash_2=233;
    int Q;
    map<pair<int, int>, string> mp;
    char is[300];
    char a[110], b[110];
    void init()
    {
        mp.clear();
    }
    int get1(char *s)
    {
        int ans=0;
        for(int i=0; s[i]; i++) { ans=( ans*Hash_1%maxN + s[i] )%maxN; }
        return ans;
    }
    int get2(char *s)
    {
        int ans=0;
        for(int i=0; s[i]; i++) { ans=( ans*Hash_2%maxN + s[i] )%maxN; }
        return ans;
    }
    int main()
    {
        init();
        while(gets(is) && is[0]!='@')
        {
            int len=(int)strlen(is);
            int i=1, j=0, tmp1=0, tmp2=0, tmp3=0, tmp4=0;
            for(i=1; is[i]!=']'; i++) a[i-1]=is[i];
            a[i-1]=0;
            tmp1=get1(a);
            tmp2=get2(a);
            i+=2;
            for(j=i; j<len; j++) b[j-i]=is[j];
            b[j-i]=0;
            tmp3=get1(b);
            tmp4=get2(b);
            mp[make_pair(tmp1, tmp2)]=b;
            mp[make_pair(tmp3, tmp4)]=a;
            //getchar();
        }
        scanf("%d", &Q);
        getchar();
        while(Q--)
        {
            //scanf("%s", is);
            gets(is);
            if(is[0]=='[')
            {
                int len=(int)strlen(is);
                is[len-1]=0;
                int tmp1=0, tmp2=0;
                tmp1=get1(is+1);
                tmp2=get2(is+1);
                if(mp.find(make_pair(tmp1, tmp2))!=mp.end()) cout<<mp[make_pair(tmp1, tmp2)]<<endl;
                else printf("what?
    ");
            }
            else
            {
                int len=(int)strlen(is);
                is[len]=0;
                int tmp1=0, tmp2=0;
                tmp1=get1(is);
                tmp2=get2(is);
                if(mp.find(make_pair(tmp1, tmp2))!=mp.end()) cout<<mp[make_pair(tmp1, tmp2)]<<endl;
                else printf("what?
    ");
            }
            //getchar();
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qieqiemin/p/11203649.html
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