项目 |
内容 |
《面向对象程序设计(java)》 |
https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/ |
这个作业的要求在哪里 |
https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11654436.html |
作业学习目标 |
|
实验内容和步骤
实验1:(20分)
程序代码如下:
class Parent { private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性"; public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性"; protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性"; String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性"; private void pMethod1() { System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } public void pMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void pMethod3() { System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void pMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } class Son extends Parent{ private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性"; public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性"; protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性"; String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性"; public void sMethod1() { System.out.println( );//分别尝试显示Parent类的p1、p2、p3、p4值 System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } private void sMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void sMethod() { System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void sMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Parent parent=new Parent(); Son son=new Son(); System.out.println( ); //分别尝试用parent调用Paren类的方法、用son调用Son类的方法 } }
因为private属性仅对本类可见,public属性对所有类可见,protected属性对本包和所有类可见,默认属性对本包可见。
而Parent类的p1是Parent的私有属性,在子类中不能被调用,所以程序出错,无法显示;p2是Parent的公有属性,p3是Parent受保护的属性,p4是Parent的默认属性,这些属性能在子类中被调用,所以可以显示p2、p3、p4的值.
运行过程如图:
同上。parent类和son类的私有属性也不能被调用,所以调用p1与s1程序运行错误。
用parent调用Paren类的方法运行结果如下:
用son调用Son类的方法运行结果如下:
实验2:测试程序1(15分)
5-8程序代码如下:
package equals; /** * This program demonstrates the equals method. * @version 1.12 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EqualsTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); var alice2 = alice1; var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1); System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2)); System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob)); System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob); var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); boss.setBonus(5000); System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss); System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss)); System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode()); System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode()); System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode()); System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode()); } }
5-9程序代码如下:
package equals; import java.time.*; import java.util.Objects; public class Employee { private String name;//private定义了一个只能在该类中访问的字符串变量 private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; //创建私有属性 public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; }//访问器 public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { // a quick test to see if the objects are identical 快速测试这些对象是否相同 if (this == otherObject) return true; // must return false if the explicit parameter is null 如果显示参数为空,必须返回false if (otherObject == null) return false; // if the classes don't match, they can't be equal 如果第几个类不匹配,则他们不相同 if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false; // now we know otherObject is a non-null Employee //其他对象为非空Employee类 var other = (Employee) otherObject; // test whether the fields have identical values //测试是不是有相同值 return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay); } public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); } public String toString() //把其他类型的数据转换为字符串类型的数据 { return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; } }
5-10程序代码如下:
package equals; public class Manager extends Employee //扩展了一个子类Manager { private double bonus; //创建一个私有属性 public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)//定义变量 { super(name, salary, year, month, day);//调用了父类的构造器 bonus = 0; } public double getSalary() { double baseSalary = super.getSalary();//更改器 return baseSalary + bonus; } public void setBonus(double bonus) { this.bonus = bonus; } public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false; var other = (Manager) otherObject; // super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class 用super.equals检查这个类和其他类是否属于同一个类 return bonus == other.bonus; } public int hashCode() { return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus); } public String toString()//吧其他类型的数据转换为字符串类型的数据 { return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]"; } }
5-8、5-9、5-10程序运行结果如下:
删除程序中Employee类、Manager类中的equals()、hasCode()、toString()方法,背录删除方法,在代码录入中理解类中重写Object父类方法的技术要点。
equals方法:用于检测一个对象是否等于另外一个对象,在子类中调用equals方法时,首先调用超类的equals,如果检测失败,对象就不可能相等,如果超类中的域都相等,就需要比较子类中的实例域。
hashCode方法:散列码(hash code)是由对象导出的一个整型值,且没有规律,由于hashCode方法定义在object类中,因此每个对象都有一个默认的散列码,其值是对象的存储地址该方法返回一个整型数值。
toString方法:用于返回表示对象值的字符串,只要对象与一个字符串通过操作符“+”连接起来,Java编译就会自动地调用toString方法。
Employee类重写后代码如下:
package equals; import java.time.*; import java.util.Objects; public class Employee { private String name; //创建三个私有属性 private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; //定义局部变量 salary += raise; } @Override public int hashCode() { //重写hashCode方法,使相等的两个对象获取的HashCode也相等 // TODO Auto-generated method stub return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (this == obj) return true; //快速测试几个类的根是否相同,即是否是同一个超类。这个if语句判断两个引用是否是同一个,如果是同一个,那么这两个对象肯定相等。 if (obj == null) return false; //如果显示参数为空,则返回false if (getClass() !=obj.getClass()) return false; //用getClass()方法得到对象的类。如果几个类不匹配,则它们不相等 //其他对象是非空Employee类 //在以上判断完成,再将得到的参数对象强制转换为该对象,考虑到父类引用子类的对象的出现,然后再判断对象的属性是否相同 Employee other = (Employee) obj; //测试字段是否具有相同的值 return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay); } @Override public String toString() { //把其他类型的数据转为字符串类型的数据(toString方法可以自动生成) // TODO Auto-generated method stub return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; } }
Manager类重写之后代码如下:
package equals; public class Manager extends Employee //子类:Manager类继承Employee类 { private double bonus; //创建私有属性bouns public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { super(name, salary, year, month, day); //子类直接调用超类中已创建的属性 bonus = 0; //给bouns赋初值为空 } public double getSalary()//访问器 { double baseSalary = super.getSalary(); return baseSalary + bonus; } public void setBonus(double bonus) //更改器 { this.bonus = bonus; } public boolean equals(Object otherObject) //快速测试几个类的根是否相同,即是否是同一个超类 { if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false; Manager other = (Manager) otherObject; //使用super.equals检查这个类和其他是否属于同一个类 return bonus == other.bonus; } public int hashCode() //重写hashCode方法,使相等的两个对象获取的HashCode也相等 { return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus); } public String toString() //把其他类型的数据转为字符串类型的数据(toString方法可以自动生成) { return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]"; } }
EmployeeTest类代码如下:
package equals; /** * This program demonstrates the equals method. * @version 1.12 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EqualsTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); Employee alice2 = alice1; Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1); System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2)); System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob)); System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob); Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); boss.setBonus(5000); System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss); System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss)); System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode()); System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode()); System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode()); System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode()); } }
程序运行结果如下图:
实验2:测试程序2(15分)
5-11程序代码如下:
package arrayList; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class. * @version 1.11 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ArrayListTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects 用三个Employee类填充staff数组列表 var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>(); //动态数组,可以灵活设置数组的大小 staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); // raise everyone's salary by 5% 将每个人的薪水提高5% for (Employee e : staff) e.raiseSalary(5); // print out information about all Employee objects 打印出所有Employee类的信息 for (Employee e : staff) System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e.getHireDay()); } }
package arrayList; import java.time.*; public class Employee { private String name; private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; //创建三个私有属性 public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)//构造器 { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; } //访问器 public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; }//定义两个局部变量 }
程序运行结果如下:
设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()、get()、remove()、size()等方法的用法。
package arrayList; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class. * @version 1.11 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ArrayListTest { private static final Employee element = null; private static final int index = 0; public static void main(String[] args) { // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<Employee>(); //用三个Employee对象填充数组 staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); ArrayList<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>(); //size()的用法 int size=staff.size(); System.out.println("arrayList中的元素个数是:"+size); for(int i=0;i<staff.size();i++) { //get()的用法 Employee e=staff.get(i); System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e.getHireDay()); } //set()的用法 staff.set(0, new Employee("llx", 20000, 1999, 11, 06)); Employee e=staff.get(0); System.out.println("修改后的数据为:name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e.getHireDay()); //remove()的用法 staff.remove(2); System.out.println("将第一个数据删除后:"); int size1=staff.size(); System.out.println("arrayList中的元素个数是:"+size1); for(int i=0;i<staff.size();i++) { Employee p=staff.get(i); System.out.println("name=" + p.getName() + ",salary=" + p.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + p.getHireDay()); } // raise everyone's salary by 5% for (Employee e1 : staff) //把每个人的薪资提高%5 e1.raiseSalary(5); // print out information about all Employee objects for (Employee e1 : staff) //输出所有雇员对象的信息 System.out.println("name=" + e1.getName() + ",salary=" + e1.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e1.getHireDay()); //利用getName(),getSalary() 和getHireDay()方法输出所有雇员对象的信息 } }
程序运行结果如图:
实验2:测试程序3(15分)
程序代码如下:
package enums; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates enumerated types. * @version 1.0 2004-05-24 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EnumTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) "); String input = in.next().toUpperCase(); Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input); //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组 System.out.println("size=" + size); System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation()); if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE) System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _."); } } //定义枚举类型 enum Size { SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL"); private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; } public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; } private String abbreviation; }//调用构造函数
程序运行结果如下:
删除程序中Size枚举类,背录删除代码,在代码录入中掌握枚举类的定义要求。
所有的枚举类型都是Enum类地子类,他们继承了这个类的许多方法,其中最有用的是toString,这个方法能够返回枚举常量名。每个枚举类型都有一个静态的values方法,它将返回一个包含全部枚举值的数组。ordinal方法返回enum声明中枚举常量的位置,位置从0开始计数。
删除Size枚举类程序代码如下:
package enums; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates enumerated types. * @version 1.0 2004-05-24 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EnumTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) "); String input = in.next().toUpperCase(); Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input); //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组 System.out.println("size=" + size); System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation()); if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE) System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _."); } } enum Size { SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL"); private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; } public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; } private String abbreviation; }//调用构造函数
程序运行结果如下:
实验2:测试程序4(5分)
程序代码如下:
public class TestVarArgus { public static void dealArray(int... intArray){ for (int i : intArray) System.out.print(i +" "); System.out.println(); } public static void main(String args[]){ dealArray(); dealArray(1); dealArray(1, 2, 3); } }
程序运行结果如下:
实验3:编程练习(10分)
程序代码如下:
public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Son son = new Son(); son.method(); } } class Parent { Parent() { System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter"); } Parent(boolean b) { System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter"); } public void method() { System.out.println("Parent's method()"); } } class Son extends Parent { //补全本类定义 Son() { super(true); //调用父类有参构造 System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter"); } public void method() { System.out.println("Son's method()"); super.method(); } }
程序运行结果如下:
3. 实验总结:(15分)
通过学习继承这一章的内容以及实验,掌握了继承建立类与类间的is-a关系,意味着父类对象变量可以引用子类对象,在Java中,一个父类可以有多个子类,但一个子类只能有一个父类,子类通过extends关键字来继承父类,父类和子类的三种继承方式:1.public继承,(public成员所有的类都可以访问);2.private继承,(private成员只有本类能访问);3.protect继承,(protect成员只有本类和子类能访问)。子类继承父类是对父类属性和方法的全面继承,同时子类在继承了父类的方法后可对父类的方法进行重写。父类用作对象的声明类型,构造器用子类的构造器。object类是Java中所有类的始祖,在Java中每个类都是由它扩展而来的,如果没有明确的指出超类,object就被认为是这个类的超类,