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std::vector与std::list效能对比（基于c++11）

测试对象类型不同，数量级不同时，表现具有差异：

测试数据对象为std::function时：

test: times(1000)
vector push_back time 469 us
vector emplace_back time 432 us
list push_back time 347 us
list emplace_back time 395 us
vector foreach time 29 us
list foreach time 24 us

test: times(10000)
vector push_back time 1459 us
vector emplace_back time 1344 us
list push_back time 816 us
list emplace_back time 885 us
vector foreach time 62 us
list foreach time 57 us

test: times(100000)
vector push_back time 11931 us
vector emplace_back time 12708 us
list push_back time 9575 us
list emplace_back time 8874 us
vector foreach time 626 us
list foreach time 711 us

test: times(1000000)
vector push_back time 110641 us
vector emplace_back time 109801 us
list push_back time 90353 us
list emplace_back time 92274 us
vector foreach time 6220 us
list foreach time 8857 us

test: times(10000000)
vector push_back time 1439122 us
vector emplace_back time 1423560 us
list push_back time 866928 us
list emplace_back time 889415 us
vector foreach time 62383 us
list foreach time 75673 us

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <vector>
  3 #include <list>
  4 #include <string>
  5 #include <ctime>
  6 #include <functional>
  7 #include <sys/time.h>
  8 
  9 using namespace std;
 10 
 11 class Message
 12 {
 13 public:
 14     std::string m1;
 15     std::string m2;
 16     std::string m3;
 17 };
 18 
 19 int test(long times)
 20 {
 21     std::cout << "test: times(" << times << ")" << std::endl;
 22     vector<std::function<void(int, int)>> vt, vt2;
 23     list<std::function<void(int, int)>> lt, lt2;
 24 
 25     auto msg_o = [](int, int)
 26     {
 27         // std::cout << 111 << std::endl;
 28         return 0;
 29     };
 30     std::function<void(int, int)> msg = msg_o;
 31 
 32     // ******************************* vector push_back ************************
 33     timeval tv_start;
 34     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 35     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 36         vt.push_back(msg);
 37     }
 38 
 39     timeval tv_end;
 40     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 41     std::cout << "vector push_back time "  << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 42 
 43     // ******************************* vector emplace_back ************************
 44     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 45     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 46         vt2.emplace_back(msg);
 47     }
 48 
 49     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 50     cout << "vector emplace_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 51 
 52 
 53     // ******************************* list push_back ************************
 54     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 55     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 56         lt.push_back(msg);
 57     }
 58 
 59     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 60     cout << "list push_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 61 
 62     // ******************************* list emplace_back ************************
 63     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 64     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 65         lt2.emplace_back(msg);
 66     }
 67 
 68     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 69     cout << "list emplace_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 70     // delete msg;
 71     // msg = NULL;
 72     //
 73 
 74     // ******************************* vector foreach ************************
 75     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 76     for (auto& elem : vt);
 77         // elem(1, 1);
 78 
 79     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 80     cout << "vector foreach time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 81 
 82 
 83     // ******************************* list foreach ************************
 84     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 85     for (auto& elem : lt);
 86         // elem(1, 1);
 87 
 88     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 89     cout << "list foreach time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 90 
 91     std::cout << std::endl;
 92     return 0;
 93 }
 94 
 95 int main()
 96 {
 97     test(1000);
 98     test(10000);
 99     test(100000);
100     test(1000000);
101     test(10000000);
102     return 0;
103 }

测试过象为lamda函数时：

test: times(1000)
vector push_back time 662 us
vector emplace_back time 427 us
list push_back time 506 us
list emplace_back time 387 us
vector foreach time 30 us
list foreach time 23 us

test: times(10000)
vector push_back time 1762 us
vector emplace_back time 1337 us
list push_back time 1197 us
list emplace_back time 1068 us
vector foreach time 80 us
list foreach time 59 us

test: times(100000)
vector push_back time 16146 us
vector emplace_back time 14225 us
list push_back time 12449 us
list emplace_back time 10368 us
vector foreach time 682 us
list foreach time 1809 us

test: times(1000000)
vector push_back time 147707 us
vector emplace_back time 108870 us
list push_back time 125867 us
list emplace_back time 89914 us
vector foreach time 6464 us
list foreach time 9816 us

test: times(10000000)
vector push_back time 1849568 us
vector emplace_back time 1419615 us
list push_back time 1228155 us
list emplace_back time 867557 us
vector foreach time 64897 us
list foreach time 73649 us

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <vector>
  3 #include <list>
  4 #include <string>
  5 #include <ctime>
  6 #include <functional>
  7 #include <sys/time.h>
  8 
  9 using namespace std;
 10 
 11 class Message
 12 {
 13 public:
 14     std::string m1;
 15     std::string m2;
 16     std::string m3;
 17 };
 18 
 19 int test(long times)
 20 {
 21     std::cout << "test: times(" << times << ")" << std::endl;
 22     vector<std::function<void(int, int)>> vt, vt2;
 23     list<std::function<void(int, int)>> lt, lt2;
 24 
 25     auto msg = [](int, int)
 26     {
 27         // std::cout << 111 << std::endl;
 28         return 0;
 29     };
 30     // std::function<void(int, int)> msg = msg_o;
 31 
 32     // ******************************* vector push_back ************************
 33     timeval tv_start;
 34     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 35     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 36         vt.push_back(msg);
 37     }
 38 
 39     timeval tv_end;
 40     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 41     std::cout << "vector push_back time "  << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 42 
 43     // ******************************* vector emplace_back ************************
 44     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 45     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 46         vt2.emplace_back(msg);
 47     }
 48 
 49     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 50     cout << "vector emplace_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 51 
 52 
 53     // ******************************* list push_back ************************
 54     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 55     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 56         lt.push_back(msg);
 57     }
 58 
 59     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 60     cout << "list push_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 61 
 62     // ******************************* list emplace_back ************************
 63     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 64     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 65         lt2.emplace_back(msg);
 66     }
 67 
 68     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 69     cout << "list emplace_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 70     // delete msg;
 71     // msg = NULL;
 72     //
 73 
 74     // ******************************* vector foreach ************************
 75     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 76     for (auto& elem : vt);
 77         // elem(1, 1);
 78 
 79     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 80     cout << "vector foreach time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 81 
 82 
 83     // ******************************* list foreach ************************
 84     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 85     for (auto& elem : lt);
 86         // elem(1, 1);
 87 
 88     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 89     cout << "list foreach time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 90 
 91     std::cout << std::endl;
 92     return 0;
 93 }
 94 
 95 int main()
 96 {
 97     test(1000);
 98     test(10000);
 99     test(100000);
100     test(1000000);
101     test(10000000);
102     return 0;
103 }

第三种测试，对move等的测试：

test: times(1000)
vector push_back time 292 us
vector emplace_back time 255 us
vector emplace_back time with move 400 us
list push_back time 262 us
list emplace_back time 342 us
list emplace_back time with move453 us
vector foreach time 29 us
list foreach time 25 us

test: times(10000)
vector push_back time 777 us
vector emplace_back time 843 us
vector emplace_back time with move 1105 us
list push_back time 732 us
list emplace_back time 788 us
list emplace_back time with move1055 us
vector foreach time 79 us
list foreach time 59 us

test: times(100000)
vector push_back time 9824 us
vector emplace_back time 7364 us
vector emplace_back time with move 9633 us
list push_back time 10814 us
list emplace_back time 7904 us
list emplace_back time with move10211 us
vector foreach time 689 us
list foreach time 761 us

test: times(1000000)
vector push_back time 64816 us
vector emplace_back time 70500 us
vector emplace_back time with move 95833 us
list push_back time 79398 us
list emplace_back time 81551 us
list emplace_back time with move107440 us
vector foreach time 6447 us
list foreach time 9765 us

test: times(10000000)
vector push_back time 850257 us
vector emplace_back time 858815 us
vector emplace_back time with move 1109211 us
list push_back time 760753 us
list emplace_back time 781865 us
list emplace_back time with move1030427 us
vector foreach time 67592 us
list foreach time 79275 us

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <vector>
  3 #include <list>
  4 #include <string>
  5 #include <ctime>
  6 #include <functional>
  7 #include <sys/time.h>
  8 
  9 using namespace std;
 10 
 11 class Message
 12 {
 13 public:
 14     std::string m1;
 15     std::string m2;
 16     std::string m3;
 17 };
 18 
 19 int test(long times)
 20 {
 21     std::cout << "test: times(" << times << ")" << std::endl;
 22     vector<std::function<void(int, int)>> vt, vt2;
 23     list<std::function<void(int, int)>> lt, lt2;
 24 
 25     auto msg_o = [](int, int)
 26     {
 27         // std::cout << 111 << std::endl;
 28         return 0;
 29     };
 30     std::function<void(int, int)> *msg = new std::function<void(int, int)>[times];
 31     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i)
 32     {
 33         msg[times] = msg_o;
 34     }
 35 
 36     // ******************************* vector push_back ************************
 37     timeval tv_start;
 38     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 39     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 40         vt.push_back(msg[i]);
 41     }
 42 
 43     timeval tv_end;
 44     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 45     std::cout << "vector push_back time "  << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 46 
 47     // ******************************* vector emplace_back ************************
 48     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 49     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 50         vt2.emplace_back(msg[i]);
 51     }
 52 
 53     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 54     cout << "vector emplace_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 55 
 56     // ******************************* vector emplace_back with move ************************
 57     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 58     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 59         vt2.emplace_back(std::move(msg[i]));
 60     }
 61 
 62     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 63     cout << "vector emplace_back time with move " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 64 
 65 
 66     // ******************************* list push_back ************************
 67     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 68     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 69         lt.push_back(msg[i]);
 70     }
 71 
 72     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 73     cout << "list push_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 74 
 75     // ******************************* list emplace_back ************************
 76     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 77     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 78         lt2.emplace_back(msg[i]);
 79     }
 80 
 81     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 82     cout << "list emplace_back time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 83 
 84     // ******************************* list emplace_back with move ************************
 85     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 86     for (long i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
 87         lt2.emplace_back(std::move(msg[i]));
 88     }
 89 
 90     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
 91     cout << "list emplace_back time with move" << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
 92     // delete msg;
 93     // msg = NULL;
 94     //
 95 
 96     // ******************************* vector foreach ************************
 97     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
 98     for (auto& elem : vt);
 99         // elem(1, 1);
100 
101     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
102     cout << "vector foreach time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
103 
104 
105     // ******************************* list foreach ************************
106     gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
107     for (auto& elem : lt);
108         // elem(1, 1);
109 
110     gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
111     cout << "list foreach time " << (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec << " us" << std::endl;
112 
113     std::cout << std::endl;
114     return 0;
115 }
116 
117 int main()
118 {
119     test(1000);
120     test(10000);
121     test(100000);
122     test(1000000);
123     test(10000000);
124     return 0;
125 }

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/qyit/p/14179150.html