xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过，古时候，在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml呀，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。
xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:
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<?xml version="1.0"?><data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/> <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> </country></data> |
xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml
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import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")root = tree.getroot()print(root.tag)#遍历xml文档for child in root: print(child.tag, child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text)#只遍历year 节点for node in root.iter('year'): print(node.tag,node.text) |
修改和删除xml文档内容
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import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")root = tree.getroot()#修改for node in root.iter('year'): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("updated","yes")tree.write("xmltest.xml")#删除nodefor country in root.findall('country'): rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country)tree.write('output.xml') |
自己创建xml文档
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import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETnew_xml = ET.Element("namelist")name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")sex.text = '33'name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")age.text = '19'et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式 |