Java系列---Maven插件(与maven的生命周期相关)

一、Maven插件

各个插件的执行顺序一般是：1：clean、２：resources、３：compile、４：testResources、５：testCompile、６：test、７：jar、８：install。在图中标记的地方每一行都是由冒号分隔的，前半部分是对应的插件，后半部分是插件的执行目标也就是插件执行产生的结果。现在我们来看下上面的pom文件，我们如配置了maven-compiler-plugin这个插件，其它的插件没有配置，但最后项目构建成功，说明maven内置的各种插件，如果pom中没有配置就调用默认的内置插件，如果pom中配置了就调用配置的插件。

到此我们理解maven的构建过程或者有更多的人称是打包，就是由各种插件按照一定的顺序执行来完成项目的编译，单元测试、打包、布署的完成。各种插件的执行过程也就构成的maven的生命周期（lifecycle）。生命周期（lifecycle）各个阶段并不是独立的，可以单独执行如mvn clean，也可以一起执行如mvn clean install。而且有的mvn命令其是包括多个阶段的，如mvn compile其是包括了resources和compile两个阶段。下面分别来分析各个阶段需要的插件和输出的结果

1. maven-compiler-plugin

这个插件是把class文件、配置文件打成一个jar(war或其它格式)包。依赖包是不在jar里面的，需要建立lib目录，且jar和lib目录在同级目录。常用的打包插件有maven-jar-plugin、maven-assembly-plugin、maven-shade-plugin三种，下面分别介绍下各自己pom配置和使用特点。

<plugin>                                                                                                                                      

    <!-- 指定maven编译的jdk版本,如果不指定,maven3默认用jdk 1.5 maven2默认用jdk1.3 -->                                                                           

    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                                                                                               

    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>                                                                                            

    <version>3.1</version>                                                                                                                    

    <configuration>                                                                                                                           

        <!-- 一般而言，target与source是保持一致的，但是，有时候为了让程序能在其他版本的jdk中运行(对于低版本目标jdk，源代码中不能使用低版本jdk中不支持的语法)，会存在target不同于source的情况 -->                    

        <source>1.8</source> <!-- 源代码使用的JDK版本 -->                                                                                             

        <target>1.8</target> <!-- 需要生成的目标class文件的编译版本 -->                                                                                     

        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding><!-- 字符集编码 -->

        <skipTests>true</skipTests><!-- 跳过测试 -->                                                                             

        <verbose>true</verbose>

        <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>                                                                                                               

        <fork>true</fork><!-- 要使compilerVersion标签生效，还需要将fork设为true，用于明确表示编译版本配置的可用 -->                                                        

        <executable><!-- path-to-javac --></executable><!-- 使用指定的javac命令，例如：<executable>${JAVA_1_4_HOME}/bin/javac</executable> -->           

        <compilerVersion>1.3</compilerVersion><!-- 指定插件将使用的编译器的版本 -->                                                                         

        <meminitial>128m</meminitial><!-- 编译器使用的初始内存 -->                                                                                      

        <maxmem>512m</maxmem><!-- 编译器使用的最大内存 -->                                                                                              

        <compilerArgument>-verbose -bootclasspath ${java.home}lib t.jar</compilerArgument><!-- 这个选项用来传递编译器自身不包含但是却支持的参数选项 -->               

    </configuration>                                                                                                                          

</plugin>

2. maven-jar-plugin

<plugins>

    <plugin>

        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>

        <executions>

            <!-- monitor 包-jar -->

            <execution>

                <id>monitor</id>

                <goals>

                    <goal>jar</goal>

                </goals>

                <phase>package</phase>

                <configuration>

                    <classifier>monitor</classifier>

                    <includes>

                        <include>**/xx/xx/xx/xx/**</include>

                        ​​​​​​​<include>**/xx/xx/xx/xx/**</include>

                    </includes>

                </configuration>

            </execution>

        </executions>

</plugin>

编译时，配置非maven 指定的jar包路径

<plugin>

    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.3.2</version>

<configuration>

    <source>1.8</source>

    <target>1.8</target>

        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>

        <compilerArgs>

            <arg>-extdirs</arg>

            <arg>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources/lib/</arg>

        </compilerArgs>

    </configuration>

</plugin>

3. maven-dependency-plugin

    <!-- 拷贝依赖包 -->

    <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>2.5.1</version>

        <executions>

            <execution>

                <id>copy</id>

                <phase>install</phase>

                <goals>

                    <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>

                </goals>

                <configuration>

                    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>

                </configuration>

            </execution>

        </executions>

</plugin>

4. maven-shade-plugin

所有的依赖包打入到可执行jar包，如果同级目录有其它可执行jar，依赖可能会产生冲突，且运行jar时，有时会出现SF、DSA、RSA文件冲突的提示，需要排除META-INF目录下的文件

将部分jar包添加或排除

      <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>3.1.1</version>

        <executions>

          <execution>

            <phase>package</phase>

            <goals>

              <goal>shade</goal>

            </goals>

            <configuration>

              <artifactSet>

                <excludes>

                  <exclude>jmock:*</exclude>

                  <exclude>*:xml-apis</exclude>

                  <exclude>org.apache.maven:lib:tests</exclude>

                  <exclude>log4j:log4j:jar:</exclude>

                </excludes>

                <includes>

                    <include>junit:junit</include>

                </includes>

              </artifactSet>

            </configuration>

          </execution>

        </executions>

      </plugin>

将依赖jar包内部资源添加或排除

      <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>3.1.1</version>

        <executions>

          <execution>

            <phase>package</phase>

            <goals>

              <goal>shade</goal>

            </goals>

            <configuration>

              <filters>

                <filter>

                  <artifact>junit:junit</artifact>

                  <includes>

                    <include>junit/framework/**</include>

                    <include>org/junit/**</include>

                  </includes>

                  <excludes>

                    <exclude>org/junit/experimental/**</exclude>

                    <exclude>org/junit/runners/**</exclude>

                  </excludes>

                </filter>

                <filter>

                  <artifact>*:*</artifact>

                  <excludes>

                    <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>

                    <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>

                    <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>

                  </excludes>

                </filter>

              </filters>

            </configuration>

          </execution>

        </executions>

      </plugin>

自动将所有不使用的类排除

      <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>3.1.1</version>

        <executions>

          <execution>

            <phase>package</phase>

            <goals>

              <goal>shade</goal>

            </goals>

            <configuration>

              <minimizeJar>true</minimizeJar>

            </configuration>

          </execution>

        </executions>

      </plugin>

将依赖的类重命名并打包进来 （隔离方案）

      <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>3.1.1</version>

        <executions>

          <execution>

            <phase>package</phase>

            <goals>

              <goal>shade</goal>

            </goals>

            <configuration>

              <relocations>

                <relocation>

                  <pattern>org.codehaus.plexus.util</pattern>

                  <shadedPattern>org.shaded.plexus.util</shadedPattern>

                  <excludes>

                    <exclude>org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.Xpp3Dom</exclude>

                    <exclude>org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull.*</exclude>

                  </excludes>

                </relocation>

              </relocations>

            </configuration>

          </execution>

        </executions>

      </plugin>

修改包的后缀名

      <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>3.1.1</version>

        <executions>

          <execution>

            <phase>package</phase>

            <goals>

              <goal>shade</goal>

            </goals>

            <configuration>

              <shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>

              <shadedClassifierName>jackofall</shadedClassifierName> <!-- Any name that makes sense -->

            </configuration>

          </execution>

        </executions>

      </plugin>

问题：Invalid signature file digest for Manifest main attributes

原因：有些jar包生成时，会 使用jarsigner生成文件签名（完成性校验），分为两个文件存放在META-INF目录下：

a signature file, with a .SF extension；

a signature block file, with a .DSA, .RSA, or .EC extension；

解决方案：生成 uber-jar时，将这些排除掉，不再进行完成性校验，如下所示：

<configuration>

          <filters>

            <filter>

              <artifact>*:*</artifact>

              <excludes>

                <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>

                <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>

                <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>

              </excludes>

            </filter>

          </filters>

        </configuration>

较详细的版本

　　　　<plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>2.4.3</version>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <phase>package</phase>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>shade</goal>

                        </goals>

                        <configuration>

                            <filters>

                                <filter>

                                    <artifact>*:*</artifact>

                                    <excludes>

                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>

                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>

                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>

                                    </excludes>

                                </filter>

                            </filters>

                            <transformers>

                                <transformer

                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">

                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>

                                </transformer>

                                <transformer

                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">

                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>

                                </transformer>

                                <transformer

                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">

                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.tooling</resource>

                                </transformer>

                                <transformer

                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">

                                    <mainClass>com.xxx.xxxInvoke</mainClass>

                                </transformer>

                            </transformers>

                            <minimizeJar>true</minimizeJar>

                            <shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>

                        </configuration>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

5. maven-resources-plugin

resource插件的功能就是把项目需要的配置文件拷贝到指定的目当，默认是拷贝srcmain esources目录下的件到classes目录下，当然可以自己来配置源目录和输出目录。resources插件一般不单独执行，complie插件执行时会先调用resources插件

      <plugin>  

         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  

         <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>  

         <version>2.6</version>  

         <executions>  

           <execution>  

              <id>copy-resources</id>  

              <!-- 在default生命周期的 validate阶段就执行resources插件的copy-resources目标 -->  

              <phase>validate</phase>  

              <goals>  

                <goal>copy-resources</goal>  

              </goals>  

              <configuration>  

              <!-- 指定resources插件处理资源文件到哪个目录下 -->  

                 <outputDirectory>${project.build.outputDirectory}</outputDirectory>  

                  <!-- 也可以用下面这样的方式（指定相对url的方式指定outputDirectory） <outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory> -->  

                  <!-- 待处理的资源定义 -->  

                  <resources>  

                     <resource>  

                        <!-- 指定resources插件处理哪个目录下的资源文件 -->  

                        <directory>src/main/${deploy.env}/applicationContext.xml</directory>  

                        <!-- 指定不需要处理的资源 <excludes> <exclude>WEB-INF/*.*</exclude> </excludes> -->  

                        <!-- 是否对待处理的资源开启过滤模式 (resources插件的copy-resources目标也有资源过滤的功能，这里配置的   

                        这个功能的效果跟<build><resources><resource>下配置的资源过滤是一样的，只不过可能执行的阶段不一样， 这里执行的阶段是插件指定的validate阶段，<build><resources><resource>下的配置将是在resources插件的resources目标执行时起作用（在process-resources阶段）) -->  

                        <filtering>false</filtering>  

                     </resource>  

                  </resources>  

              </configuration>  

              <inherited></inherited>  

           </execution>  

         </executions>  

  

         </plugin>

6. maven-assembly-plugin

这个插件可以把所有的依赖包打入到可执行jar包。但是该插件有个bug会缺失spring的xds文件，导致无法运行jar，同时如果同级目录还有其它可执行jar文件依赖可能会产生冲突。

             <plugin>

                 <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>

                 <configuration>

                     <descriptorRefs>

                         <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>

                     </descriptorRefs>

                     <archive>

                         <manifest>

                             <mainClass>com.xxx.xxxService</mainClass>

                        </manifest>

                    </archive>

                </configuration>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <id>make-assembly</id>

                        <phase>package</phase>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>single</goal>

                        </goals>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

7. maven-antrun-plugin

    <plugin>

        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>1.8</version>

        <executions>

            <execution>

                <phase>install</phase>

                <goals>

                    <goal>run</goal>

                </goals>

                <configuration>

                    <tasks>

                        <echo>Building 描述信息 START....</echo>

                        <!-- 删除目录 -->

                        <delete dir="target/dir"/>

                        <!-- 删除目录 -->

                        <mkdir dir="target/dir"/>

                        <!-- 复制目录文件 复制到-todir 要复制的目录-fileset -->

                        <copy todir="target/dir/xxx">

                            <fileset dir="target/classes/config"/>

                        </copy>

                        <!-- 删除文件 -->

                        <delete>

                            <fileset dir="target/xxx/lib/xxx" includes="xxx*.jar"/>

                            <fileset dir="target/xxx/lib/xxx" includes="xxx-*.jar"/>

                        </delete>

                        <!-- 将指定目录压缩ZIP -->

                        <copy todir="target/tempbuild/xxx">

                            <fileset dir="target/xxx"/>

                        </copy>

                        <tstamp>

                            <format property="current.date.time" pattern="yyyyMMddHHmmss"/>

                        </tstamp>

                        <zip destfile="target/xxx_${version}_${current.date.time}.zip">

                            <zipfileset dir="target/tempbuild"/>

                        </zip>

                        <checksum file="target/xxx_${version}_${current.date.time}.zip"

                                  forceOverwrite="yes" algorithm="MD5" fileext=".MD5"></checksum>

                        <delete dir="target/tempbuild"/>

                        <echo>Building 描述信息 END</echo>

                    </tasks>

                </configuration>

            </execution>

        </executions>

    </plugin>

</plugins>

二、maven三种打包插件

第一种：可执行jar与依赖分开，依赖在lib目录里，需要jar和lib目录在同级目录，
优点：jar文件很小 
缺点：需要放置lib文件夹在平级目录

1            <plugin>
 2                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 3                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
 4                <version>2.6</version>
 5                <configuration>
 6                    <archive>
 7                        <manifest>
 8                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
 9                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
10                            <mainClass>com.xxx.xxxService</mainClass>
11                        </manifest>
12                    </archive>
13                </configuration>
14            </plugin>
15            <plugin>
16                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
17                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
18                <version>2.10</version>
19                <executions>
20                    <execution>
21                        <id>copy-dependencies</id>
22                        <phase>package</phase>
23                        <goals>
24                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
25                        </goals>
26                        <configuration>
27                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
28                        </configuration>
29                    </execution>
30                </executions>
31            </plugin>

第二种：把所有依赖打进同一个jar包里。
缺点：jar文件会比较大，同时该插件有个bug会缺失spring的xds文件，导致无法运行jar，同时如果同级目录还有其它可执行jar文件依赖可能会产生冲突
优点：方便快捷，打包完直接就能运行。

 1            <plugin>
 2                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
 3                <configuration>
 4                    <descriptorRefs>
 5                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
 6                    </descriptorRefs>
 7                    <archive>
 8                        <manifest>
 9                            <mainClass>com.xxx.xxxService</mainClass>
10                        </manifest>
11                    </archive>
12                </configuration>
13                <executions>
14                    <execution>
15                        <id>make-assembly</id>
16                        <phase>package</phase>
17                        <goals>
18                            <goal>single</goal>
19                        </goals>
20                    </execution>
21                </executions>
22            </plugin>

第三种：所有依赖打到同一个jar文件里。
缺点：jar文件过大、如果同级目录有其它可执行jar，依赖可能会产生冲突
优点：不会有任何bug，直接打成可执行jar文件，最省事。

 1            <plugin>
 2                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 3                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
 4                <version>2.4.3</version>
 5                <executions>
 6                    <execution>
 7                        <phase>package</phase>
 8                        <goals>
 9                            <goal>shade</goal>
10                        </goals>
11                        <configuration>
12                            <filters>
13                                <filter>
14                                    <artifact>*:*</artifact>
15                                    <excludes>
16                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
17                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
18                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
19                                    </excludes>
20                                </filter>
21                            </filters>
22                            <transformers>
23                                <transformer
24                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
25                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
26                                </transformer>
27                                <transformer
28                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
29                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
30                                </transformer>
31                                <transformer
32                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
33                                    <resource>META-INF/spring.tooling</resource>
34                                </transformer>
35                                <transformer
36                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
37                                    <mainClass>com.xxx.xxxInvoke</mainClass>
38                                </transformer>
39                            </transformers>
40                            <minimizeJar>true</minimizeJar>
41                            <shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>
42                        </configuration>
43                    </execution>
44                </executions>
45            </plugin>

三、找不到主属清单原因

1. 打包时jdk和jre区别设置，优选jdk

在项目上右键-->build path---->config build path 选择本机jdk不要jre

右键ruan as  ---> run configuartions指定jdk版本

1. project栏 ---> clean 最粗暴的方式
2. Maven clean
3. Maven-jar-pluge打包插件指定 mainclass