循序渐进学.Net Core Web Api开发系列【6】：配置文件appsettings.json

系列目录

循序渐进学.Net Core Web Api开发系列目录

 本系列涉及到的源码下载地址：https://github.com/seabluescn/Blog_WebApi

一、本篇概述

 本篇描述appsettings.json的使用，包括：

1、配置的基本读取

2、读取配置信息到自定义的对象

3、自定义配置文件

一、配置的基本读取

 要读取的配置文件内容如下：

{
  "ConnString": "MySQL Connect String",
  "Logging": {
    "IncludeScopes": false,
    "Debug": {
      "LogLevel": {
        "Default": "Warning"
      }
    },
    "Console": {
      "LogLevel": {
        "Default": "Warning"
      }
    }
  },
  "SystemConfig": {
    "UploadFile": "d:\files",
    "AnnexUrl": "http://192.168.0.177:81/",
    "Admin": {
      "Name": "admin",
      "Age": "31",
      "Allow": "True"
    },
    "DefaultPassword": "123456"
  }
}

读取配置文件的方法如下：

   public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration,IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
            _env = env;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
        public IHostingEnvironment _env { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();

            var ConnString = Configuration["ConnString"];        
            var UploadFile = Configuration.GetSection("SystemConfig")["UploadFile"];  
            var AdminName = Configuration.GetSection("SystemConfig").GetSection("Admin")["Name"];           
        }       
    }

还有一种读法：

            ConnString = Configuration["ConnString"];  
            UploadFile = Configuration["SystemConfig:UploadFile"];           
            AdminName = Configuration["SystemConfig:Admin:Name"];           

这里Startup类在构造时已经帮我们注入了Configuration，如果要在自己的Controller内使用，需要自己注入。

    public class ValuesController : Controller
    {
        private IConfiguration _configuration;

        public ValuesController(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            _configuration = configuration;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            var ConnString = _configuration["ConnString"]; 
            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }
    }

二、读取配置信息到自定义的对象

 新建一个类，用来存储配置信息，类的结构应和配置文件一致。

    public class SystemConfig
    {
        public String UploadFile { get; set; }       
        public String AnnexUrl { get; set; }
        public User Admin { get; set; }
        public String DefaultPassword { get; set; }
    }

    public class User
    {
        public String Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public bool Allow { get; set; }
    }

在startup类的ConfigureServices方法内，提供如下代码：

public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;           
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
      
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();

            services.AddOptions();
            services.Configure<SystemConfig>(Configuration.GetSection("SystemConfig"));  
        }      
    }
}

然后在Controller中进行注入并使用。

    public class ValuesController : Controller
    {
        private IOptions<SystemConfig> _setting;

        public ValuesController(  IOptions<SystemConfig> setting)
        {
                   _setting = setting;
        }      

        [HttpGet("setting")]
        public IEnumerable<string> GetSetting()
        {
            var UploadFile = _setting.Value.UploadFile;
            var AdminName = _setting.Value.Admin.Name;
            var AdminAge = _setting.Value.Admin.Age;
            var AdminAllow = _setting.Value.Admin.Allow;

            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }
    }

可以看到，这样在业务方法内通过 _setting 来都取配置信息就非常方便了。

三、自定义配置文件

 以上操作的是系统默认的配置文件appsettings.json。如果我们需要增加自己的配置文件该如何处理？

新建一个配置文件：mysetting.json

{
  "ConnString": "MySQL Connect String",  
  "SystemConfig": {
    "UploadFile": "d:\myfiles",
    "AnnexUrl": "http://192.168.0.177:81/my",
    "Admin": {
      "Name": "myadmin",
      "Age": "131",
      "Allow": "False"
    },
    "DefaultPassword": "654321"
  }
}

在Startup类的ConfigureServices方法输入以下代码：

    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration,IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
            _env = env;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
        public IHostingEnvironment _env { get; }
       
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();
          
            var rootpath = _env.ContentRootPath;           
            var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
               .SetBasePath(_env.ContentRootPath)
               .AddJsonFile("mysetting.json",optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
               .AddEnvironmentVariables();
            var MyConfiguration = builder.Build();

            services.AddOptions();
            services.Configure<SystemConfig>(MyConfiguration.GetSection("SystemConfig"));
        }
    }

用自己创建的Configuration进行服务的注册，创建过程中需要用到IHostingEnvironment，这个对象在Startup类构建时进行注入。

剩下的用法和默认配置用法就一样了。