Android Loop&Handle学习总结 - New Start - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET
昨晚偷懒,这篇博客只写了一个标题,今天早晨一看,还有15的阅读量。实在是对不起那些同学.......换了是我,也会BS这样的LZ吧!sorry 啦
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
菜鸟我刚刚接触android源码的时候,当时连java语言都不太熟悉(菜鸟我一直是学C/C++),看到android某个应用的源码的时候,曾为这样的代码迷惑过。
- private class MainHandler extends Handler {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case RESTART_PREVIEW: {
- restartPreview();
- if (mJpegPictureCallbackTime != 0) {
- long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
- mJpegCallbackFinishTime = now - mJpegPictureCallbackTime;
- Log.v(TAG, "mJpegCallbackFinishTime = "
- + mJpegCallbackFinishTime + "ms");
- mJpegPictureCallbackTime = 0;
- }
- break;
- }
- ...
private class MainHandler extends Handler { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case RESTART_PREVIEW: { restartPreview(); if (mJpegPictureCallbackTime != 0) { long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); mJpegCallbackFinishTime = now - mJpegPictureCallbackTime; Log.v(TAG, "mJpegCallbackFinishTime = " + mJpegCallbackFinishTime + "ms"); mJpegPictureCallbackTime = 0; } break; } ...在同一个文件中不就是想调用restartPreview()函数吗?为什么不直接调用就好,还要发个消息然后在这个handleMessage()中来调用呢?初学菜鸟有没有同样的困惑?还是只有LZ一人太白痴了。
那么到底为什么要这么做呢。是为了异步,是为了多线程,将一些耗时的操作放到一个子线程里面去,大家应该知道如果在android的应用程序主线程,也就是UI线程里面如果执行耗时操作超过5s就会报ANR(application not respon)错误。所以,为了避免ANR,android应用程序将一些耗时操作放到一个独立的工作线程中去。
那么android是如何做到这点的呢?那个新的工作线程又是如何建立的?这就是android中Looper和Handler类的功劳。下面菜鸟来分析下首先看个类图:
从这个图看到Handler和HandlerThread类都有一个Looper成员变量。而且,Handler和Looper都有成员变量MessageQueue,下面我们看看Looper类和Handler类的作用。
Looper:
Looper类,来实现消息循环,内部有一个消息队列。看到Looper类的构造函数是private的,这样外部没法实例化Looper对象,Looper对象的构造只能通过Looper的内部接口,来看一段函数:
- /** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
- * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
- * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
- * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
- * {@link #quit()}.
- */
- public static final void prepare() {
- if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
- throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
- }
- sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
- }
- /** Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an application's main
- * looper. The main looper for your application is created by the Android environment,
- * so you should never need to call this function yourself.
- * {@link #prepare()}
- */
- public static final void prepareMainLooper() {
- prepare();
- setMainLooper(myLooper());
- if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {
- myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false;
- }
- }
/** Initialize the current thread as a looper. * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling * {@link #quit()}. */ public static final void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper()); } /** Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an application's main * looper. The main looper for your application is created by the Android environment, * so you should never need to call this function yourself. * {@link #prepare()} */ public static final void prepareMainLooper() { prepare(); setMainLooper(myLooper()); if (Process.supportsProcesses()) { myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false; } }其中函数prepareMainLooper()函数只在ActivityThread.java的main()函数中被调用过。这个prepareMainLooper()的作用保证每个调用线程都有一个Looper对象,这样应用程序的主线程就有一个Looper对象了,so应用程序主线程的消息循环建立了。
看看,perpare()函数中,有这样一句话 sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());其中sThreadLocal是一个ThreadLocal类型的变量。ThreadLocal表示这是一个线程的局部变量,google之看到下面这段解释。
Implements a thread-local storage, that is, a variable for which each thread has its own value. All threads share the same
ThreadLocal
object, but each sees a different value when accessing it, and changes
made by one thread do not affect the other threads. The implementation supportsnull
values.菜鸟斗胆来翻译下,ThreadLocal实现了一种线程的局部存储,ThreadLocal代表一种线程局部变量,对于这种变量来说ThreadLocal保证每个线程都有一个独立的值(value),所有线程都共有一个ThreadLocal对象,但是每个线程在访问这些变量的时候能得到不同的值,每个线程可以更改这些变量并且不会影响其他的线程。ThreadLocal支持NULL值。/*那位大牛有更好的翻译,分享下呗*/
其中ThreadLocal开放了两个接口:
public Tget():获取调用线程的局部变量
public void set(T value) :设置调用线程的局部变量
perpare()函数的这种处理方式保证在每个调用该函数的线程都有一个独立的Looper对象。
Handler:
Handler的作用是处理消息,他封装了消息的投递和对消息的处理。通过上面的图可以看到Handler类有一个Looper和MessageQueue成员变量,Handler类有4个不同的构造函数如下:
- public Handler() {
- if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
- final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
- if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
- (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
- Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
- klass.getCanonicalName());
- }
- }
- <span style="color:#000000;">/*Handler默认的构造函数,使用当前线程(调用线程)的Looper对象给Handler成员变量mLooper赋值*/</span>
- mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
- if (mLooper == null) {
- throw new RuntimeException(
- "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
- }
- <span style="color:#000000;">/*使用当前线程(调用线程)的消息队列给Handler的mQueue赋值*/</span>
- mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
- mCallback = null;
- }
- /**
- * Constructor associates this handler with the queue for the
- * current thread and takes a callback interface in which you can handle
- * messages.
- */
- public Handler(Callback callback) {
- if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
- final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
- if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
- (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
- Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
- klass.getCanonicalName());
- }
- }
- mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
- if (mLooper == null) {
- throw new RuntimeException(
- "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
- }
- mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
- <span style="color:#000000;">/*跟默认构造函数差不多,只不过带了一个callback*/</span>
- mCallback = callback;
- }
- /**
- * Use the provided queue instead of the default one.
- */
- public Handler(Looper looper) {
- <span style="color:#000000;">/*使用指定的Looper来给Handler类的mLooper赋值*/</span>
- mLooper = looper;
- mQueue = looper.mQueue;
- mCallback = null;
- }
- /**
- * Use the provided queue instead of the default one and take a callback
- * interface in which to handle messages.
- */
- public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
- <span style="color:#000000;">/*使用指定的Looper和CallBack来初始化Handler*/</span>
- mLooper = looper;
- mQueue = looper.mQueue;
- mCallback = callback;
- }
public Handler() { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } /*Handler默认的构造函数,使用当前线程(调用线程)的Looper对象给Handler成员变量mLooper赋值*/ mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } /*使用当前线程(调用线程)的消息队列给Handler的mQueue赋值*/ mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = null; } /** * Constructor associates this handler with the queue for the * current thread and takes a callback interface in which you can handle * messages. */ public Handler(Callback callback) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; /*跟默认构造函数差不多,只不过带了一个callback*/ mCallback = callback; } /** * Use the provided queue instead of the default one. */ public Handler(Looper looper) { /*使用指定的Looper来给Handler类的mLooper赋值*/ mLooper = looper; mQueue = looper.mQueue; mCallback = null; } /** * Use the provided queue instead of the default one and take a callback * interface in which to handle messages. */ public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) { /*使用指定的Looper和CallBack来初始化Handler*/ mLooper = looper; mQueue = looper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; }
可以看到Handler类的成员变量MessageQueue mQueue都会指向Looper类的的MessageQueue,Handler为什么要这么做呢?下面看看Handler类提供那些接口:
sendEmptyMessage
- public final Message obtainMessage(int what)
- {
- return Message.obtain(this, what);
- }
- /**
- * Handle system messages here.
- */
- public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
- if (msg.callback != null) {
- handleCallback(msg);
- } else {
- if (mCallback != null) {
- if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
- return;
- }
- }
- handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
- /**
- * Sends a Message containing only the what value.
- *
- * @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the
- * message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the
- * looper processing the message queue is exiting.
- */
- public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
- {
- return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
- }
- /**
- * Remove any pending posts of messages with code 'what' that are in the
- * message queue.
- */
- public final void removeMessages(int what) {
- mQueue.removeMessages(this, what, null, true);
- }
- /**
- *<span style="color:#ff0000;">注意这个函数,函数将有子类实现</span>
- * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages.
- */
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- }
public final Message obtainMessage(int what) { return Message.obtain(this, what); } /** * Handle system messages here. */ public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } } /** * Sends a Message containing only the what value. * * @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the * message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the * looper processing the message queue is exiting. */ public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what) { return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0); } /** * Remove any pending posts of messages with code 'what' that are in the * message queue. */ public final void removeMessages(int what) { mQueue.removeMessages(this, what, null, true); } /** *注意这个函数,函数将有子类实现 * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages. */ public void handleMessage(Message msg) { }
其中sendMessage函数都会调用到sendMessageAtTime函数,下面看下sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)函数的实现
- public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)
- {
- boolean sent = false;
- MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
- if (queue != null) {
- <span style="color:#ff0000;">/*看到Message的target变量指向当前这个Handler类*/</span>
- msg.target = this;
- sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
- }
- else {
- RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
- this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
- Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- return sent;
- }
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { boolean sent = false; MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue != null) { /*看到Message的target变量指向当前这个Handler类*/ msg.target = this; sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); } else { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); } return sent; }
msg.target指明了这个msg将有谁来处理,在这里msg.target=this,Handler类除了封装消息添加外还封装了消息处理的接口。
Looper和Handler的联系:
本菜鸟不才不知道上面的分析有没有错误,有没有让很多初学者犯迷糊,下面我将分析以下Looper和Handler类的联系,希望可以把上面的知识点串联起来。
当调用Looper类的loop()函数的时候当前线程就进入到一个消息循环中去。看看这个loop()@Looper.java函数先.
- <span style="font-size:18px;">/**
- * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
- * {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
- */
- public static final void loop() {
- Looper me = myLooper();
- MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
- // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
- // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
- Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- while (true) {
- Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
- //if (!me.mRun) {
- // break;
- //}
- if (msg != null) {
- if (msg.target == null) {
- // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.
- return;
- }
- if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
- ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "
- + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what
- );
- <span style="color:#ff0000;">/*下面的函数将Looper类和Handler类联系起来*/</span>
- msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
- if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
- "<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " "
- + msg.callback);
- // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
- // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
- final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- if (ident != newIdent) {
- Log.wtf("Looper", "Thread identity changed from 0x"
- + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
- + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
- + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
- + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
- }
- msg.recycle();
- }
- }
- }</span>
/** * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. */ public static final void loop() { Looper me = myLooper(); MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); while (true) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block //if (!me.mRun) { // break; //} if (msg != null) { if (msg.target == null) { // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message. return; } if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println( ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what ); /*下面的函数将Looper类和Handler类联系起来*/ msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println( "<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf("Looper", "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycle(); } } }
可以看到当前线程不断的从消息队列中取出消息,如果消息的target成员变量为null,就表示要退出消息循环了,否则的话就要调用这个target对象的dispatchMessage成员函数来处理这个消息,这个target对象的类型为Handler。
其实这个Looper和Handler类中消息传递的机制还是很复杂到,用到了Linux中Pipe的相关知识,我太菜还不能做出更深的分析,以后有时间会好好学习下,在完善下这部份的知识。
好了,这篇blog就说到这里吧。下篇blog我会试着分析下,Handler和Looper的同步问题。届时会顺便学习一下HandlerThread类。
忘了说,如果哪位大牛发现我这篇blog有什么错误,敬请指正,免得误导了跟我一样的菜鸟
Android异步处理三:Handler+Looper+MessageQueue深入详解 - lzc的专栏 - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET
在《Android异步处理一:使用Thread+Handler实现非UI线程更新UI界面》中,我们讲到使用Thread+Handler的方式来实现界面的更新,其实是在非UI线程发送消息到UI线程,通知UI线程进行界面更新,这一篇我们将深入学习Android线程间通讯的实现原理。
概述:Android使用消息机制实现线程间的通信,线程通过Looper建立自己的消息循环,MessageQueue是FIFO的消息队列,Looper负责从MessageQueue中取出消息,并且分发到消息指定目标Handler对象。Handler对象绑定到线程的局部变量Looper,封装了发送消息和处理消息的接口。
例子:在介绍原理之前,我们先介绍Android线程通讯的一个例子,这个例子实现点击按钮之后从主线程发送消息"hello"到另外一个名为” CustomThread”的线程。
LooperThreadActivity.java
- package com.zhuozhuo;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Looper;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- public class LooperThreadActivity extends Activity{
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- private final int MSG_HELLO = 0;
- private Handler mHandler;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- new CustomThread().start();//新建并启动CustomThread实例
- findViewById(R.id.send_btn).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {//点击界面时发送消息
- String str = "hello";
- Log.d("Test", "MainThread is ready to send msg:" + str);
- mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_HELLO, str).sendToTarget();//发送消息到CustomThread实例
- }
- });
- }
- class CustomThread extends Thread {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- //建立消息循环的步骤
- Looper.prepare();//1、初始化Looper
- mHandler = new Handler(){//2、绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象
- public void handleMessage (Message msg) {//3、定义处理消息的方法
- switch(msg.what) {
- case MSG_HELLO:
- Log.d("Test", "CustomThread receive msg:" + (String) msg.obj);
- }
- }
- };
- Looper.loop();//4、启动消息循环
- }
- }
- }
package com.zhuozhuo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Looper; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; public class LooperThreadActivity extends Activity{ /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private final int MSG_HELLO = 0; private Handler mHandler; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); new CustomThread().start();//新建并启动CustomThread实例 findViewById(R.id.send_btn).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) {//点击界面时发送消息 String str = "hello"; Log.d("Test", "MainThread is ready to send msg:" + str); mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_HELLO, str).sendToTarget();//发送消息到CustomThread实例 } }); } class CustomThread extends Thread { @Override public void run() { //建立消息循环的步骤 Looper.prepare();//1、初始化Looper mHandler = new Handler(){//2、绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象 public void handleMessage (Message msg) {//3、定义处理消息的方法 switch(msg.what) { case MSG_HELLO: Log.d("Test", "CustomThread receive msg:" + (String) msg.obj); } } }; Looper.loop();//4、启动消息循环 } } }main.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/hello"
- />
- <Button android:text="发送消息" android:id="@+id/send_btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>
- </LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:text="发送消息" android:id="@+id/send_btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> </LinearLayout>
Log打印结果:
原理:
我们看到,为一个线程建立消息循环有四个步骤:
1、 初始化Looper
2、 绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象
3、 定义处理消息的方法
4、 启动消息循环
下面我们以这个例子为线索,深入Android源代码,说明Android Framework是如何建立消息循环,并对消息进行分发的。
1、 初始化Looper : Looper.prepare()
Looper.java
- private static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal();
- public static final void prepare() {
- if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
- throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
- }
- sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
- }
private static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal(); public static final void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper()); }一个线程在调用Looper的静态方法prepare()时,这个线程会新建一个Looper对象,并放入到线程的局部变量中,而这个变量是不和其他线程共享的(关于ThreadLocal的介绍)。下面我们看看Looper()这个构造函数:
Looper.java
- final MessageQueue mQueue;
- private Looper() {
- mQueue = new MessageQueue();
- mRun = true;
- mThread = Thread.currentThread();
- }
final MessageQueue mQueue; private Looper() { mQueue = new MessageQueue(); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }可以看到在Looper的构造函数中,创建了一个消息队列对象mQueue,此时,调用Looper. prepare()的线程就建立起一个消息循环的对象(此时还没开始进行消息循环)。
2、 绑定handler到CustomThread实例的Looper对象 : mHandler= new Handler()
Handler.java
- final MessageQueue mQueue;
- final Looper mLooper;
- public Handler() {
- if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
- final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
- if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
- (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
- Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
- klass.getCanonicalName());
- }
- }
- mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
- if (mLooper == null) {
- throw new RuntimeException(
- "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
- }
- mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
- mCallback = null;
- }
final MessageQueue mQueue; final Looper mLooper; public Handler() { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = null; }
Handler通过mLooper = Looper.myLooper();绑定到线程的局部变量Looper上去,同时Handler通过mQueue =mLooper.mQueue;获得线程的消息队列。此时,Handler就绑定到创建此Handler对象的线程的消息队列上了。
3、定义处理消息的方法:Override public void handleMessage (Message msg){}
子类需要覆盖这个方法,实现接受到消息后的处理方法。
4、启动消息循环 : Looper.loop()
所有准备工作都准备好了,是时候启动消息循环了!Looper的静态方法loop()实现了消息循环。
Looper.java
- public static final void loop() {
- Looper me = myLooper();
- MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
- // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
- // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
- Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- while (true) {
- Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
- //if (!me.mRun) {
- // break;
- //}
- if (msg != null) {
- if (msg.target == null) {
- // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.
- return;
- }
- if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
- ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "
- + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what
- );
- msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
- if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(
- "<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " "
- + msg.callback);
- // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
- // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
- final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
- if (ident != newIdent) {
- Log.wtf("Looper", "Thread identity changed from 0x"
- + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
- + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
- + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
- + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
- }
- msg.recycle();
- }
- }
- }
public static final void loop() { Looper me = myLooper(); MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); while (true) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block //if (!me.mRun) { // break; //} if (msg != null) { if (msg.target == null) { // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message. return; } if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println( ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what ); msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println( "<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf("Looper", "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycle(); } } }
while(true)体现了消息循环中的“循环“,Looper会在循环体中调用queue.next()获取消息队列中需要处理的下一条消息。当msg != null且msg.target != null时,调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);分发消息,当分发完成后,调用msg.recycle();回收消息。
msg.target是一个handler对象,表示需要处理这个消息的handler对象。Handler的void dispatchMessage(Message msg)方法如下:
Handler.java
- public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
- if (msg.callback != null) {
- handleCallback(msg);
- } else {
- if (mCallback != null) {
- if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
- return;
- }
- }
- handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }可见,当msg.callback== null 并且mCallback == null时,这个例子是由handleMessage(msg);处理消息,上面我们说到子类覆盖这个方法可以实现消息的具体处理过程。
总结:从上面的分析过程可知,消息循环的核心是Looper,Looper持有消息队列MessageQueue对象,一个线程可以把Looper设为该线程的局部变量,这就相当于这个线程建立了一个对应的消息队列。Handler的作用就是封装发送消息和处理消息的过程,让其他线程只需要操作Handler就可以发消息给创建Handler的线程。由此可以知道,在上一篇《Android异步处理一:使用Thread+Handler实现非UI线程更新UI界面》中,UI线程在创建的时候就建立了消息循环(在ActivityThread的public static final void main(String[] args)方法中实现),因此我们可以在其他线程给UI线程的handler发送消息,达到更新UI的目的。