一、扩展问题分类：
★ the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) , 即classical VRP
★ the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) , 带时间窗
- VRPHTW 硬时间窗 ｜ VRPSTW 软时间窗 ｜ VRPTD（VRP with Time Deadlines）带顾客最迟服务时间
★ (VRPSD) the Vehicle Routing Problem with Split Deliveries，分割配送
- the Vehicle Routing Problem with Split Demands，需求分割 [二者实质相同]
★ the Multiple Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP) , 多车场
★ the Period Vehicle Routing Problem (PVRP) , 周期车辆路径问题
★ the site-dependent vehicle routing problem (SDVRP) ，
★ the open vehicle routing problem (OVRP) ，开放式
★ the Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls（VRPB）, 带回程
★ the Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery（VRPPD）, 带取送货
- with Simultaneous Distribution and Collection
★ the Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Trips（VRPMT）, 多车程
★ the fleet size and mix vehicle-routing problem (FSMVRP) , 异型车辆
- vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet (VRPHE) [貌似这两个是同一类型]
★ the Vehicle Routing Problem with Truck and Trailer（VRPTT）, 带拖车
★ vehicle routing problem with multiple uses of vehicles (VRPM) , 车辆复用
★ Stochastic VRP（SVRP） 随机车辆路径问题：
- 随机顾客 ｜ 随机需求 ｜ 随机时间
★ Fuzzy Vehicle Routing Problem（FVRP）, 模糊车辆路径问题
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二、算法分类：
★ exact algoritms : direct tree search , 直接树搜索 | dynamic programming , 动态规划 | integer linear programming , 整数线性规划
★ Classical Heuristics :
Saving Heuristic , 节约算法 (Clarke & Wright) Matching Algorithm
Sweep Algorithm , 扫描算法 (Gillet & Miller)
Two-phase Process , 两阶段算法 (Christofides Fisher Jaikumar)
① route construction heuristics , 路径构造算法
- Savings Heuristic Parallel | Sequential | Enhancement
- Insertion Heuristic
② route improvement heuristics , 路径改进算法 Thompson & Psaraftis
- 2-change | 3-change | 1-Relocate | 2-Relocate | Swap | GENI | b-cyclic k-transfer
③ composite heuristics （包括上面两类）
- Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) ,贪婪随机自适应搜索过程
Column Generation Algorithm
adaptive memory algorithms
Ejection Chain Algorithms
set covering based algorithms
Sequential Insertion Heuristic
- Hvattum, L.M., A. Løkketangen and G. Laporte. “A Branch-and-Prune heuristic for Stochastic and Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems”.
- Hvattum, L.M., A. Løkketangen and G. Laporte. “Solving a Dynamic and Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem with a Sample Scenario based Hedging Heuristic”. Forthcoming in Transportation Science.
★ Metaheuristics (Modern Heuristic) :
Simulated Annealing 模拟退火
Tabu Search 禁忌搜索
Genetic Algoritm 遗传算法 | Genetic Programming 遗传规划
Genetic Network Programming 遗传网络规划
Memetic Algorithm : hybrid genetic algorithms are often referred as memetic algorithms.
Parallel Genetic Algorithms | Genetic Local Search
Ant Algorithms : ACO
ACS, Ant Colony System 蚁群算法
PSO，Particle Swarm Optimization 粒子群优化算法
DE，Differential Evolution 差分进化算法
Evolutionary Programming 进化规划
★ Local Search : 属于启发式算法
variable neighborhood search (VNS) ,变邻域搜索 另：变邻域下降搜索(VND, Descent)
Evolutionary local search (ELS) ,进化局部搜索
Iterated Local Search (ILS) ,迭代局部搜索
Iterative Improvement，迭代改进
Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) ,大邻域搜索 | adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS)
Guided Local Search (GLS) ,引导局部搜索
Cyclic Transfer Algorithms
★ 邻域操作方法：
2-opt | 2-opt* | Or-opt
The CROSS exchange
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三、obtained books：
图书章节：(in VRP->books)
1. Carlos Cotta.Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization.Springer.2007.pdf
（P106）Accelerating Local Search in a Memetic Algorithm for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
（P131） A New Metaheuristic for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Split Demands
（P152） Edge Assembly Crossover for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
（P176） A Population-Based Local Search for Solving a Bi-objective Vehicle Routing Problem
2. Christofides (ed.). Combinatorial optimization (Wiley, 1978)(L)(T)(212s).djvu
(P159) The Vehicle Routing Problems
3. Springer.Combinatorial.Optimization.and.Applications.Second.International.Conference.COCOA.2008.Sep.2008.pdf
(P296) An Improved Approximation Algorithm for the Capacitated Multicast Tree Routing Problem
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四、resources on the Internet：
1. The VRP Web 很详尽的网站
2. Solomon's benchmark 数据集 ：56个数据集R1、R2、C1、C2、RC1和RC2是VRPTW问题数值实验的经典数据集。
R1包含客户点随机分布的12个问题。C1有9个问题，其中的客户点聚类到确定的区域。RC1包含8个问题，它们的客户点混合了聚类和随机分布。
3. Network and Emerging Optimization
4. OR-Library of J. E. Beasley ：各种优化问题的数据集。
5. J. E. Beasly 的 publications
Google Code上的项目：
1. vrp-uts-insa2008-5info （Solving the VRP problem with a unified tabu search in JAVA. That project is a last year study project at INSA Toulouse. ）
2. VRPSolver （a wizard-like application which solves a basic VRP using the Savings Heuristic Method invented by Clarke and Wright in 1964. ）
3. Swan-VRP
4. EVITA-VRP （Project to unify the EVITA(Evolutionary inventory and transportation algorithm) code for VRP book chapter. ）
5. vrpft （Vehicle Routing Problem with Full Truckloads. ）
程序员联合开发网上的程序：