oracle 启动状态由nomount-mount-open
一. nomount状态下操作
08:09:49 idle> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 488534016 bytes Fixed Size
2214616 bytes Variable Size
364905768 bytes Database Buffers
113246208 bytes Redo Buffers
8167424 bytes 08:10:00
idle>
当 Oracle 启动实例时，首先需要从服务器参数文件（server parameter file）或初始化参数文件（initialization parameter file）中读取初始化参数，初始化部分v$视图,之后创建存储数据库信息的共享内存区 SGA，最后创建后台进程（background process）。此时，构成实例的内存区及进程还没有和数据库产生联系。
观察alter日志
on Sep 16 08:09:59 2013
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =27
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
Using parameter settings in server-side spfile /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileORADB1.ora
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
memory_target = 468M
control_files = "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORADB1/control01.ctl"
control_files = "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORADB1/control02.ctl"
db_block_size = 8192
db_writer_processes = 2
compatible = "11.2.0.0.0"
db_recovery_file_dest = "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area"
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 3882M
undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"
remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
db_domain = ""
dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORADB1XDB)"
audit_file_dest = "/u01/app/oracle/admin/ORADB1/adump"
audit_trail = "DB"
db_name = "ORADB1"
open_cursors = 300
diagnostic_dest = "/u01/app/oracle"
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=20413
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
VKTM started with pid=3, OS id=20415 at elevated priority
VKTM running at (10)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
GEN0 started with pid=4, OS id=20419
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
DIAG started with pid=5, OS id=20421
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
DBRM started with pid=6, OS id=20423
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
PSP0 started with pid=7, OS id=20425
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=20427
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=20429
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=20431
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
DBW1 started with pid=11, OS id=20433
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
LGWR started with pid=12, OS id=20435
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
CKPT started with pid=13, OS id=20437
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
SMON started with pid=14, OS id=20439
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
RECO started with pid=15, OS id=20441
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
MMON started with pid=16, OS id=20443
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
Mon Sep 16 08:10:00 2013
MMNL started with pid=17, OS id=20445
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
ORACLE_BASE from environment = /u01/app/oracle
观察监听状态,此监听的状态为BLOCKED,注意listener的监听为动态注册,动态监听为PMON进程每分钟或手动alter register,reload,restart 也会触发实例向监听注册
[oracle@oracledb1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-SEP-2013 08:15:46
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias listener Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 16-SEP-2013 07:40:13 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 35 min. 33 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb1/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "ORADB1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORADB1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
观察静态注册,为UNKONOWN
oracle@oracledb1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener2
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-SEP-2013 08:16:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1522))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias listener2 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 16-SEP-2013 07:30:55 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 45 min. 8 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb1/listener2/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1522))) Services Summary... Service "ORADB1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORADB1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
二.nomount -mount
mount状态下会打开控制文件,检验控制文件的正确性,此模式可进行数据库恢复
08:10:00 idle> alter database mount;
Database altered.
Mon Sep 16 08:24:53 2013
alter database mount
Mon Sep 16 08:24:58 2013
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2171431573
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Completed: alter database mount
Mon Sep 16 08:25:04 2013
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 3882 MB is 2.71% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
监听的状态为READY
[oracle@oracledb1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-SEP-2013 08:32:59
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias listener Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 16-SEP-2013 07:40:13 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 52 min. 46 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb1/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "ORADB1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORADB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
三. mount-open
会读取数据文件及日志文件启动归档进程等等
08:24:58 idle> alter database open;
Database altered.
Mon Sep 16 08:35:02 2013
alter database open
Mon Sep 16 08:35:02 2013
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Mon Sep 16 08:35:02 2013
ARC0 started with pid=21, OS id=21036
ARC0: Archival started
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Mon Sep 16 08:35:03 2013
ARC1 started with pid=22, OS id=21038
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 14
Current log# 2 seq# 14 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORADB1/redo02.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Mon Sep 16 08:35:04 2013
ARC2 started with pid=23, OS id=21040
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
Mon Sep 16 08:35:04 2013
ARC3 started with pid=24, OS id=21042
ARC1: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
ARC2: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Mon Sep 16 08:35:04 2013
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is WE8MSWIN1252
No Resource Manager plan active
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
Mon Sep 16 08:35:04 2013
QMNC started with pid=25, OS id=21044
Completed: alter database open
监听状态为READY
[oracle@oracledb1 ~]$ lsnrctl status listener
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-SEP-2013 08:37:11
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias listener Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 16-SEP-2013 07:40:13 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 56 min. 58 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb1/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb1)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "ORADB1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORADB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ORADB1XDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORADB1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully