wpf数据验证实例及常用方法小结

虽然标题是wpf数据验证，但并不是对IDataErrorInfo、ValidationRule、属性中throw Exception这几种验证方式的介绍；

之前做项目时(例如员工工资管理)，根据员工编号和年度月份验证 当月数据的唯一性，因为第一次开发wpf经验不足，所以用过几种不同的方式，并且现在用的这种方式也不是很满意，如果哪位大神有更好的办法 麻烦发个链接。

文章最后会把验证、列表的样式和验证中常使用的一些方法贴出来，方便大家使用；

列表页面 员工编号和年度月份验证

添加修改页面 填写编号选择月份后，验证不通过都是在编号处提示

一、言归正传，逐步写一下我当时的思路

1、为了实现这种需求的验证，最先想到的就是实现了ValidationRule的自定义验证类(ValidateExistLogName)能有一个属性(ValiByProperty) binding上月份中选择的值，关联月份和当前输入的员工编号来验证当月是否存在；

1 2 3 4 5

<Binding.ValidationRules>   <tool:ValidateExistLogName ValiByProperty="{Binding CurMonth}"/>   </Binding.ValidationRules>

　　但是只有DependencyObject派生类的DependencyProperty属性才能进行binding，于是我找到了给ValidationRule派生类的属性上binding的办法

参考链接：http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/18678/Attaching-a-Virtual-Branch-to-the-Logical-Tree-in

　　　　　https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/982e2fcf-780f-4f1c-9730-cedcd4e24320/binding-validationrules-property?forum=wpf

　　这种方式可能添加页面比较好实现，但是对于列表DataGrid恐怕binding起来就，也许有人说可以DataGrid的IsReadOnly=false，但是我的需求是修改页面修改的同时支持列表直接修改。

2、对实体类添加PropertyChangedEventHandler事件，这种方式可以实现，但是却不是在ValidationRule中验证，而且事件中的逻辑代码也稍较麻烦，因为e.PropertyName绑定的是datepicker控件时，需throw new Exception才能显示出来错误

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

列表中 初始化列表时遍历datagrid中的绑定源数据：  foreach (var item in data)             {                 //为新加数据也加入事件                 item.PropertyChanged -= new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler(source_PropertyChanged);                 item.PropertyChanged += new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler(source_PropertyChanged);             }   添加或者修改直接给绑定的实体类添加事件： source.PropertyChanged += new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler(source_PropertyChanged);

3、期间还尝试了别的，但改动不大 基本记不清楚了，最后还是在派生自ValidationRule的类中添加需要验证的实体属性

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

public class ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName : ValidationRule {     public object Entity { get; set; }     public int ValiPropertyType { get; set; }//1验证LogName，2验证CurMonth     public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, CultureInfo cultureInfo)     { 　　　　　　if(this.ValiPropertyType==1)           {                 int tmp;                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value as string) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value as string))                 {                     return new ValidationResult(false, "不能为空！");                 }                 else if (!int.TryParse(value as string, out tmp))                 {                     return new ValidationResult(false, "请输入正确的数字！");                 }                 else if(...验证是否已存在) 　　　　　　　　　......... 　　　　　　}                 .........       }  }     1、DataGrid列表 //在单元格开始编辑的时候，把要验证的实体赋值 dataGrid.PreparingCellForEdit += delegate(object sender, DataGridPreparingCellForEditEventArgs e) {               //记录原始状态                 AllowanceData model = e.Row.Item as AllowanceData;                 allowanceDataHelper.SourceToModel(model, originalModel);                 //获取cell                 DataGridCell cell = OperateControlHelper.GetCell(dataGrid, e.Row.GetIndex(), e.Column.DisplayIndex);<br>                //判断当前编辑的是TextBox还是DatePicker                 DatePicker dp = OperateControlHelper.GetVisualChild<DatePicker>(cell);                 TextBox txb = OperateControlHelper.GetVisualChild<TextBox>(cell);                 FrameworkElement node;                 DependencyProperty depenPro;                 if (dp != null)                 {                     node = dp;                     depenPro = DatePicker.TextProperty;                 }                 else if (txb != null)                 {                     node = txb;                     depenPro = TextBox.TextProperty;                 }                 else                 {                     throw new Exception("...");                 }                 InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(node, new ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName() { Entity = originalModel }); }   2、添加或修改页面直接调用 InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(txbLogName, new ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName() { Entity = source }); InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(dpCurMonth, new ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName() { Entity = source });   //调用 void InitValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName(FrameworkElement node, ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName modelArgs)         {             //获取类型             DependencyProperty depenPro;             if (node is DatePicker)             {                 depenPro = DatePicker.TextProperty;             }             else             {                 depenPro = TextBox.TextProperty;             }             //获取自定义验证             ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName validateLogNameOrCurMonth = node.GetBindingExpression(depenPro).ParentBinding.ValidationRules.Select(v =>             {                 if (v is ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName)                     return v;                 return null;             }).FirstOrDefault() as ValidateExistCurMonthOrLogName;             if (validateLogNameOrCurMonth != null)             {                 validateLogNameOrCurMonth.Entity = modelArgs.Entity;             }         }

二、styel

1、列表的样式

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

<Style TargetType="DataGrid">             <Setter Property="AutoGenerateColumns" Value="False"/>             <!--<Setter Property="IsReadOnly" Value="True"/>-->             <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Top"/>             <Setter Property="CanUserSortColumns" Value="False"/>             <Setter Property="CanUserResizeColumns" Value="False"/>             <Setter Property="CanUserResizeRows" Value="False"/>             <Setter Property="SelectionMode" Value="Extended"/>             <Setter Property="SelectionUnit" Value="FullRow"/>             <Setter Property="CanUserReorderColumns" Value="False"/>             <Setter Property="AlternationCount" Value="2"/>             <Setter Property="RowHeaderWidth" Value="0"/>             <Setter Property="CanUserAddRows" Value="False"/>               <Setter Property="CanUserResizeColumns" Value="false"/>             <Setter Property="Background" Value="#b7e9fe" />             <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="gray" />             <Setter Property="HorizontalGridLinesBrush">                 <Setter.Value>                     <SolidColorBrush Color="#85cfee"/>                 </Setter.Value>             </Setter>             <Setter Property="VerticalGridLinesBrush">                 <Setter.Value>                     <SolidColorBrush Color="#85cfee"/>                 </Setter.Value>             </Setter>         </Style>           <Style TargetType="DataGridColumnHeader">             <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />             <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="0" />             <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="28" />             <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#07638a" />             <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold"/>             <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="12" />             <Setter Property="Cursor" Value="Hand" />             <Setter Property="Template">                 <Setter.Value>                     <ControlTemplate TargetType="DataGridColumnHeader">                         <Border x:Name="BackgroundBorder" BorderThickness="0,1,0,1"                              BorderBrush="#85cfee"                               Width="Auto">                             <Grid >                                 <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>                                     <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />                                 </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>                                 <ContentPresenter  Margin="0,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>                                 <Path x:Name="SortArrow" Visibility="Collapsed" Data="M0,0 L1,0 0.5,1 z" Stretch="Fill"  Grid.Column="2" Width="8" Height="6" Fill="White" Margin="0,0,50,0"                             VerticalAlignment="Center" RenderTransformOrigin="1,1" />                                 <Rectangle Width="1" Fill="#85cfee" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Grid.ColumnSpan="1" />                             </Grid>                         </Border>                     </ControlTemplate>                 </Setter.Value>             </Setter>             <Setter Property="Height" Value="25"/>         </Style>           <Style  TargetType="DataGridRow">             <Setter Property="Background" Value="#FFFFFF" />             <Setter Property="Height" Value="25"/>             <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#07638a" />             <Style.Triggers>                 <Trigger Property="AlternationIndex" Value="0" >                     <Setter Property="Background" Value="#FFFFFF" />                 </Trigger>                 <Trigger Property="AlternationIndex" Value="1" >                     <Setter Property="Background" Value="#e1f5fd" />                 </Trigger>                   <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">                     <Setter Property="Background" Value="LightGray"/>                 </Trigger>                   <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True">                     <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/>                 </Trigger>             </Style.Triggers>         </Style>

2、DataGrid的ErrorTemplate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

<Style x:Key="textBoxErrorTemplateInDataGrid" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">         <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>         <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/>         <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#6bc4e9"/>         <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>         <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="80"/>         <Style.Triggers>             <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true">                 <Setter Property="Validation.ErrorTemplate">                     <Setter.Value>                         <ControlTemplate>                             <DockPanel LastChildFill="True">                                 <Ellipse DockPanel.Dock="Right" Width="15" Height="15" Margin="-25,0,0,0" StrokeThickness="1" Fill="Red" >                                     <Ellipse.Stroke>                                         <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="1,0.5" StartPoint="0,0.5">                                             <GradientStop Color="#FFFA0404" Offset="0"/>                                             <GradientStop Color="#FFC9C7C7" Offset="1"/>                                         </LinearGradientBrush>                                     </Ellipse.Stroke>                                 </Ellipse>                                 <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Right" ToolTip="{Binding ElementName=errorHint,Path=AdornedElement.(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}" Foreground="White" FontSize="11pt" Margin="-15,5,0,0" FontWeight="Bold">! <TextBlock.Triggers> </TextBlock.Triggers>                                 </TextBlock>                                 <Border BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="1">                                     <AdornedElementPlaceholder Name="errorHint" />                                 </Border>                             </DockPanel>                         </ControlTemplate>                     </Setter.Value>                 </Setter>             </Trigger>         </Style.Triggers>     </Style>

3、添加修改的ErrorTemplate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

<Style x:Key="datePickerErrorTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type DatePicker}">        <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>        <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left"/>        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#6bc4e9"/>        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#07638a"/>        <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5, 10, 0, 0"/>        <Setter Property="Width" Value="120"/>        <Setter Property="Height" Value="23"/>        <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>        <Style.Triggers>            <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true">                <Setter Property="Validation.ErrorTemplate">                    <Setter.Value>                        <ControlTemplate>                            <DockPanel LastChildFill="True">                                <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Right" Margin="5,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center" Foreground="Red" FontSize="12"                                 Text="{Binding ElementName=errorHint, Path=AdornedElement.(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}">                                </TextBlock>                                <Border BorderBrush="Red" BorderThickness="1">                                    <AdornedElementPlaceholder Name="errorHint" />                                </Border>                            </DockPanel>                        </ControlTemplate>                    </Setter.Value>                </Setter>            </Trigger>        </Style.Triggers>    </Style>

　　

三、wpf验证中常用的方法

1、获取自定义验证类

1	public YourValidationRule GetValidationRule(FrameworkElement node,DependencyProperty depenPro)<br>{

1 2 3 4 5

<em id="__mceDel">YourValidationRule vr = node.GetBindingExpression(depenPro).ParentBinding.ValidationRules.Select(v =>             {                 if (v is YourValidationRule ) 　　　　　　　　　return v; return null;            }).FirstOrDefault() as YourValidationRule ;<br>return vr;<br>}</em>

2、递归判断是否有未通过验证的控件

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

public static bool IsHasError(DependencyObject node, out string errorMsg) {     errorMsg = string.Empty;     if (node != null)     {         bool isValid = !Validation.GetHasError(node);         if (!isValid)         {             if (node is IInputElement)                 if (((IInputElement)node).IsEnabled == true)                 {                     ValidationError ve = Validation.GetErrors(node).FirstOrDefault();                     if (ve != null)                     {                         errorMsg = ve.ErrorContent.ToString();                     }                     Keyboard.Focus((IInputElement)node);                     return false;                 }         }     }     foreach (object subnode in LogicalTreeHelper.GetChildren(node))     {         if (subnode is DependencyObject)         {             if (IsHasError((DependencyObject)subnode, out errorMsg) == false) return false;         }     }     return true; }

3、向控件中添加错误验证

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

public static void AddValidationError<T>(FrameworkElement fe, DependencyProperty dp, string errorMsg) where T : ValidationRule, new()         {             ValidationError validationError = new ValidationError(new NotConvertInt(), fe.GetBindingExpression(dp));               validationError.ErrorContent = "该用户在本月已存在数据！";               Validation.MarkInvalid(                 fe.GetBindingExpression(dp),                 validationError);         }

4、清空控件中的错误验证

1 2 3 4

public static void ClearValidationError(FrameworkElement fe, DependencyProperty dp)         {             Validation.ClearInvalid(fe.GetBindingExpression(dp));         }

5、从DataGrid获得Cell

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

public static DataGridCell GetCell(DataGrid dataGrid, int row, int column)         {             DataGridRow rowContainer = GetRow(dataGrid, row);             if (rowContainer != null)             {                 DataGridCellsPresenter presenter = GetVisualChild<DataGridCellsPresenter>(rowContainer);                 if (presenter == null)                 {                     dataGrid.ScrollIntoView(rowContainer, dataGrid.Columns[column]);                     presenter = GetVisualChild<DataGridCellsPresenter>(rowContainer);                 }                 DataGridCell cell = (DataGridCell)presenter.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(column);                 return cell;             }             return null;         }

6、从DataGrid获得Row

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

public static DataGridRow GetRow(DataGrid dataGrid, int index)        {            DataGridRow row = (DataGridRow)dataGrid.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(index);            if (row == null)            {                dataGrid.UpdateLayout();                dataGrid.ScrollIntoView(dataGrid.Items[index]);                row = (DataGridRow)dataGrid.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(index);            }            return row;        }

7、获取指定索引项的元素

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

public static TContainer GetContainerFromIndex<TContainer>   (ItemsControl itemsControl, int index)     where TContainer : DependencyObject         {             return (TContainer)               itemsControl.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(index);         }

8、从DataGrid中获取正在编辑的Row

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

public static DataGridRow GetEditingRow(DataGrid dataGrid)         {             var sIndex = dataGrid.SelectedIndex;             if (sIndex >= 0)             {                 var selected = GetContainerFromIndex<DataGridRow>(dataGrid, sIndex);                 if (selected.IsEditing) return selected;             }               for (int i = 0; i < dataGrid.Items.Count; i++)             {                 if (i == sIndex) continue;                 var item = GetContainerFromIndex<DataGridRow>(dataGrid, i);                 if (item.IsEditing) return item;             }               return null;         }