状从
where(where 引导的状从可放在句首与句末都可) wherever(无论哪里) anywhere(任何地方) everywhere(到处)
...的地方 状从 He found his dog where he lost it.
He lives where he has lived for 20 years.
…的 定从 He found his dog in a park where he lost it.
when
1、时间状语(动作同时进行或时间状语从句中动作发生有前后时先发生的用过去完成时)
当……的时候,
一……就,
就在这时,
或者当……之后
I will call you when i get home. 一……就
When the bell rang,I was watching TV. 就在这时
The wet weather will continue tommorow when a cold front is expected to arrive 当……之后
2、条件状语 如果……就
He won't help you when you are not kind enough.
3、原因状语 既然,那么
4、让步状语 尽管,虽然
so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.
5、定语从句
…的时候 All this at a time when America and the EU are discussing.
6、宾语从句
什么时候 I don`t know when he left here. 我不知道他什么时候离开的
while
1)从句动词延续性
2)同时发生
3)对比的意味“然而”
4)趁着
I want the girls to experience that while they are young 趁着她们还年轻我想让姑娘们体验一下
as
1)当…时
2）一边...一边
3)随着
4) 因为(原因状语)
As the children walked along the street, they sang happily. 当孩子们
He sang as he danced 一边 一边
You will grow wiser as you grow older 随着
5)让步状语 尽管,虽然
6)方式状语 就像
He must do as the doctor advised 他必须按照医生说的去做
before
1）在…前
2）前加一段时间 直到…才…
3)还没来得及
4)要过…时间才
I’ll be back before you leave
It may be many years before we meet again 可能要过很多年我们才能见面
The students rushed outside before I could finished my word 还没等我讲完
It will be three weeks before he finished his work
It won’t be long before he finished his work. 用不了多久
after 在...之后
since
1) 自从
2) 因为
how
1) 如何
till/untill肯定句中可互换 直到…为止，否定句中只用not…until…直到…才
as soon as 一...就...
the minute/The second/The instant/The moment 瞬间片刻
no sooner…than…/Scarcely…when…/Hardly…when… 一...就...
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they cried
The fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried
注意：他们提前句子部分倒装
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain
Scarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried
名词引导的时间状语从句(The first time，Next time，Every time)
by the time
for
1)表示猜测的原因 放句末 用逗号隔开
2)多用于书面语 不表示直接原因对前面的句子附带说明
now that 既然==since
in that 仅因为 就因为有限制意味 多用于否定中
in as much as in so far as既然鉴于
considering that 考虑到鉴于补充说明
seeing that由于 因为 鉴于已有情况
for the reason that 很正式的书面表达
given that 由于 鉴于
in case
1) 万一(条件状语)
2) 以防(目的状语)
even if/even though 即使 尽管语气比although though 强烈
despite 尽管 = in spite of + 名词引状语
unless=if not
if only 只要如果 要是…就好了
as long as= so long as只要 如果 主将从现 主情从现
on conditiong that 条件是 只要
provided (that)= providing (that)
suppose (that)=supposing (that) 假如 假设
once
however + adj/adv = no matter how+ adj/adv 无论怎么 尽管
no matter which= whichever无论哪个
no matter who=whoever 无论谁
no matter when= whenever 无论何时
no matter whom=whomever无论谁
no matter where/wherever 无论哪里
no matter what=whatever 无论什么
as if / as though似乎好像
just as 就像
just as…so…就像
As…as 一样
He speaks English as fluently as his brother (does)
not as/so…as
more…than
1. more than 放数词前 “超过；不止；以上”= over
More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.
我们这个星球表面有 70% 以上都为水所覆盖
2. more than 放名词前 “不只是；不仅仅”
Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。
Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。
3. more than形容词副词前，“非常；十分”= very
She is more than careful in doing things. 她做事非常细心。
4. more than 后接can 的从句时，常表示否定意义。从句谓语必须及物，且与句子的主语逻辑上的动宾关系
This secret is more than we can let out.
这个秘密我们是不能泄露的（主语 secret 是 let out 的逻辑宾语
That is more than I can tell那事我实在不明白
5. more … than 意为“与其……不如……”：“是……而不是……”so much … as ”
He is more like a writer than a dancer
与其说他（指大象）像别的什么东西，不如说他像一根长矛。
He is more poltroon than cautious. 与其说他谨慎，不如说他是怯懦
less than
接形容词、副词时， “不；不到”
1.We were busy and less than delighted to have any visitors.
那天我们很忙，不高兴有客人来。
The young man is less than twenty years old.
这个年轻人不到 20 岁。
2.不如，比…少
Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。
I got less money than the others did. 我比别人得到的钱少
3.与其说是不如说是
He is less a singer than a dancer 与其说是一个歌唱家不如说是一个舞蹈家
4.一点也不
He was less than helpful when we arrived. 我们到达时他一点也不帮忙
I got less money than the others did. 我比别人得到的钱少
the more…the more
more and more
no more than = not any more than
“只有；仅仅；不过（ = only； just ）”
no more … than = not … any more than
1.“和……一样地不……”，两者都否，
Marry is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent.
玛丽和汤姆两个人都不勤奋。
2. “不能……正如……
We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water.
我们不能离开党，正如鱼儿离不开水一样。
not more than
3)随着
宾从
where 哪里
when 什么时候
I don`t know when he left here. 我不知道他什么时候离开的
定从
where/when 不做翻译
why 为什么
of which = whose