爬虫批量下载全站小说并自动保存

目的是下载一个网站所有分类的小说，并且按照分类自动创建目录、根据小说名保存为txt文件。

一、抓取思路：

　　我的思路是百度一个小说网站，找到一本小说的章节页，使用requests、BeautifulSoup测试是否能

正常下载。如果能正常下载，进行下一步。

二、操作顺序：

     1.导入模块，指定网页请求头：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import time
import os
import random

my_headers = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0"
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; Trident/6.0)"

    ]

headers = {
    'User-Agent':random.choice(my_headers)#随机选取模拟浏览器
}

　 2.获取一本小说的章节页，并写入指定路径：

#url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/6127874.shtml'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(2)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')#注意.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030')的用法

text = soup.select('div.zhangjieTXT')[0].text title2 = soup.select('div.zhangjieming > h1')[0].text 
ls = [] for i in text: 
　　if i in "'
','ads_wz_2();','xa0','	','
','“','	','■', '◆', 'n', '■', '◆', 'h', 'u', '■', '◆', 'b', '，', '∧', 'n', '♀', '※',": 
　　　　continue 
　　ls.append(i) 
text =''.join(ls) print('正在下载{}'.format(title2)) 
with open('.\books\' + 'title1' + '.txt','ab+') as f: 
　　f.write((title2 + '
').encode()) #写入标题 
　　f.write(text.encode())#写入正文 
　　f.write('

'.encode())#写入换行

  3.获取一本小说的全部章节链接：

def get_urls(url,fenlei_title):
    #url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(2)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')
    title1 = soup.select('div#maininfo > div > h1')[0].text
    if not os.path.exists('.\books\' + fenlei_title + '\'+ title1):
        os.mkdir('.\books\' + fenlei_title + '\'+ title1)
    links = soup.select('div#list > dl')
    print("正在下载{}".format(title1))
    #ls = []
    for i in links:
        data = i.select('dd > a')
        time.sleep(2)
        for m in data:
            url = m.get('href')
            #ls.append(ls)
            get_text(url,title1,fenlei_title)

 4.获取一个分类，比如武侠类的全部小说：

def get_list(url,fenlei_title):
    #url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/sort/5/1/'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(1)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')
    links = soup.select('div#alist')
    for i in links:
        data = i.select('div.info > div.title > h2 > a')
        for m in data:
            url = m.get('href')
            time.sleep(3)
            title = m.text
            get_urls(url,fenlei_title)

  5.获取首页全部分类链接：

def get_fenlei():
    url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(0.5)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')
    links = soup.select('div.nav1 > ul')
    for i in links:
        data = i.select('li > a')
        for m in data:
            url = m.get('href')
            time.sleep(1)
            fenlei_title = m.text
            if not os.path.exists('.\books\' + fenlei_title):
                os.mkdir('.\books\' + fenlei_title)
                get_list(url, fenlei_title)

三、全部代码如下（使用time.sleep()保障网页请求）：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 
#Author: ss


from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import time
import os
import random

my_headers = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0"
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.75.14 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0.3 Safari/537.75.14",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; Trident/6.0)"

    ]

headers = {
    'User-Agent':random.choice(my_headers)
}

def get_text(url,title1,fenlei_title):
    #url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/6127874.shtml'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(2)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')
    text = soup.select('div.zhangjieTXT')[0].text
    title2 = soup.select('div.zhangjieming > h1')[0].text
    ls = []
    for i in text:
        if i in "'
','ads_wz_2();','xa0','	','
','“','	','■', '◆', 'n', '■', '◆', 'h', 'u', '■', '◆', 'b', '，', '∧', 'n', '♀', '※',":
            continue
        ls.append(i)
    text =''.join(ls)
    print('正在下载{}'.format(title2))
    with open('.\books\' + fenlei_title + '\' +title1 +'\' + title1 + '.txt','ab+') as f:
        f.write((title2 + '
').encode())
        f.write(text.encode())
        f.write('

'.encode())


def get_urls(url,fenlei_title):
    #url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/read/3/3414/'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(2)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')
    title1 = soup.select('div#maininfo > div > h1')[0].text
    if not os.path.exists('.\books\' + fenlei_title + '\'+ title1):
        os.mkdir('.\books\' + fenlei_title + '\'+ title1)
    links = soup.select('div#list > dl')
    print("正在下载{}".format(title1))
    #ls = []
    for i in links:
        data = i.select('dd > a')
        time.sleep(2)
        for m in data:
            url = m.get('href')
            #ls.append(ls)
            get_text(url,title1,fenlei_title)

def get_list(url,fenlei_title):
    #url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/sort/5/1/'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(1)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')
    links = soup.select('div#alist')
    for i in links:
        data = i.select('div.info > div.title > h2 > a')
        for m in data:
            url = m.get('href')
            time.sleep(3)
            title = m.text
            get_urls(url,fenlei_title)

def get_fenlei():
    url = 'http://www.fhxiaoshuo.com/'
    data = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    time.sleep(0.5)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(data.text.encode('ISO-8859-1').decode('GB18030'),'lxml')
    links = soup.select('div.nav1 > ul')
    for i in links:
        data = i.select('li > a')
        for m in data:
            url = m.get('href')
            time.sleep(1)
            fenlei_title = m.text
            if not os.path.exists('.\books\' + fenlei_title):
                os.mkdir('.\books\' + fenlei_title)
                get_list(url, fenlei_title)

get_fenlei()

asd