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  • PHP 反射机制Reflection

    简介

    PHP Reflection API是PHP5才有的新功能,它是用来导出或提取出关于类、方法、属性、参数等的详细信息,包括注释。

    class Reflection { } 
    interface Reflector { }
    class ReflectionException extends Exception { }
    class ReflectionFunction implements Reflector { }
    class ReflectionParameter implements Reflector { }
    class ReflectionMethod extends ReflectionFunction { }
    class ReflectionClass implements Reflector { }
    class ReflectionObject extends ReflectionClass { }
    class ReflectionProperty implements Reflector { }
    class ReflectionExtension implements Reflector { } 

    用得比较多的就只有两个ReflectionClassReflectionObject,两个的用法都一样,只是前者针对类,后者针对对象,后者是继承前者的类;然后其中又有一些属性或方法能返回对应的Reflection对象(ReflectionProperty以及ReflectionMethod)

    ReflectionClass

    具体参考手册:http://php.net/manual/zh/class.reflectionclass.php

    通过ReflectionClass,我们可以得到Person类的以下信息:

    • 常量 Contants
    • 属性 Property Names
    • 方法 Method Names
    • 静态属性 Static Properties
    • 命名空间 Namespace
    • Person类是否为final或者abstract
    <?php
    namespace app;
    
    class Person{
      /**
       * For the sake of demonstration, we"re setting this private
       */
      private $_allowDynamicAttributes = false;
    
      /** type=primary_autoincrement */
      protected $id = 0;
    
      /** type=varchar length=255 null */
      protected $name;
    
      /** type=text null */
      protected $biography;
    
      public function getId(){
        return $this->id;
      }
    
      public function setId($v){
        $this->id = $v;
      }
    
      public function getName(){
        return $this->name;
      }
    
      public function setName($v){
        $this->name = $v;
      }
    
      public function getBiography(){
        return $this->biography;
      }
    
      public function setBiography($v){
        $this->biography = $v;
      }
    }
    
    //传递类名或对象进来
    $class = new ReflectionClass('appPerson');
    
    //获取属性,不管该属性是否public
    $properties = $class->getProperties();
    foreach($properties as $property) {
      echo $property->getName()."
    ";
    }
    // 输出:
    // _allowDynamicAttributes
    // id
    // name
    // biography
    
    //默认情况下,ReflectionClass会获取到所有的属性,private 和 protected的也可以。如果只想获取到private属性,就要额外传个参数:
    /*
     * ReflectionProperty::IS_STATIC
     * ReflectionProperty::IS_PUBLIC
     * ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED
     * ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE
     */
     
     //↓↓ 注意一个|组合: 获得IS_PRIVATE或者IS_PROTECTED的属性
    $private_properties = $class->getProperties(ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE|ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED);
    
    foreach($private_properties as $property) {
      //↓↓如果该属性是受保护的属性;
      if($property->isProtected()) {
    
        // ↓↓ 获取注释
        $docblock = $property->getDocComment();
        preg_match('/ type=([a-z_]*) /', $property->getDocComment(), $matches);
        echo $matches[1]."
    ";
      }
    }
    // Output:
    // primary_autoincrement
    // varchar
    // text
    
    $data = array("id" => 1, "name" => "Chris", "biography" => "I am am a PHP developer");
    foreach($data as $key => $value) {
      if(!$class->hasProperty($key)) {
        throw new Exception($key." is not a valid property");
      }
    
      if(!$class->hasMethod("get".ucfirst($key))) {
        throw new Exception($key." is missing a getter");
      }
    
      if(!$class->hasMethod("set".ucfirst($key))) {
        throw new Exception($key." is missing a setter");
      }
    
      $object = new Person();
    
      // http://php.net/manual/zh/class.reflectionmethod.php
      // getMethod 获得一个该方法的reflectionmethod对象,然后使用里面的invoke方法;
      $setter = $class->getMethod("set".ucfirst($key));
      $ok = $setter->invoke($object, $value);
    
      // Get the setter method and invoke it
      $getter = $class->getMethod("get".ucfirst($key));
      $objValue = $getter->invoke($object);
    
      // Now compare
      if($value == $objValue) {
        echo "Getter or Setter has modified the data.
    ";
      } else {
        echo "Getter and Setter does not modify the data.
    ";
      }
    }

    getMethod and invoke

    ReflectionClass::getMethod — 获取一个类方法的 ReflectionMethod(可以理解为获得这个类方法的控制权,不管这个类方法是否是public)。

    具体的参考:

    <?php
    class HelloWorld {
      private function sayHelloTo($name,$arg1,$arg2) {
        return 'Hello ' . $name.' '.$arg1.' '.$arg2;
      }
    }
    
    $obj = new HelloWorld();
    // 第一个参数可以是对象,也可以是类
    $reflectionMethod = new ReflectionMethod($obj , 'sayHelloTo');
    if(!$reflectionMethod -> isPublic()){
      $reflectionMethod -> setAccessible(true);
    }
    /*
     * public mixed ReflectionMethod::invoke ( object $object [, mixed $parameter [, mixed $... ]] )
     * 1. 获得某个类方法的ReflectionMethod
     * 2. $object 该方法所在的类实例的对象,然后第二参数起对号入座到该方法的每个参数;
     * 3. 通过invoke就可以执行这个方法了
     */
    echo $reflectionMethod->invoke($obj, 'GangGe','How','are you');
    
    //也可以把参数作为数组传进来
    echo $reflectionMethod -> invokeArgs($obj,array('GangGe','How','are you'));

    getProperty

    获得一个 ReflectionProperty 类实例 (同上,获得该属性的控制权) http://cn2.php.net/manual/zh/class.reflectionproperty.php

    getValue获取属性值
    public mixed ReflectionProperty::getValue ([ object $object ] )

    如果该获得该实例的类属性不是一个static的属性,就必须传该类的实例

    <?php
    class Foo {
      public static $staticProperty = 'foobar';
      public $property = 'barfoo';
      protected $privateProperty = 'foofoo';
    }
    $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass('Foo');
    var_dump($reflectionClass->getProperty('staticProperty')->getValue()); //静态属性可以不加参数
    var_dump($reflectionClass->getProperty('property')->getValue(new Foo)); //非静态属性必须加传一个类实例
    $reflectionProperty = $reflectionClass->getProperty('privateProperty'); //受保护的属性就要通过setAccessible获得其权限
    $reflectionProperty->setAccessible(true);
    var_dump($reflectionProperty->getValue(new Foo));

    Example

    模拟YII框架中控制器调用方法的实现

    <?php
    
    if (PHP_SAPI != 'cli') {
        exit('Please run it in terminal!');
    }
    if ($argc < 3) {
        exit('At least 2 arguments needed!');
    }
     
    $controller = ucfirst($argv[1]) . 'Controller';
    $action = 'action' . ucfirst($argv[2]);
     
    // 检查类是否存在
    if (!class_exists($controller)) {
        exit("Class $controller does not existed!");
    }
     
    // 获取类的反射
    $reflector = new ReflectionClass($controller);
    // 检查方法是否存在
    if (!$reflector->hasMethod($action)) {
        exit("Method $action does not existed!");
    }
     
    // 取类的构造函数,返回的是ReflectionMethod对象
    $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();
    
    // 取构造函数的参数,这是一个对象数组
    $parameters = $constructor->getParameters();
    
    // 遍历参数
    foreach ($parameters as $key => $parameter) {
        // 获取参数声明的类
        $injector = new ReflectionClass($parameter->getClass()->name);
        // 实例化参数声明类并填入参数列表
        $parameters[$key] = $injector->newInstance(); //实例化$parameter->getClass()->name类
    }
     
    // 使用参数列表实例 controller 类
    $instance = $reflector->newInstanceArgs($parameters);
    // 执行
    $instance->$action();
     
    class HelloController
    {
        private $model;
     
        public function __construct(TestModel $model)
        {
            $this->model = $model;
        }
     
        public function actionWorld()
        {
            echo $this->model->property, PHP_EOL;
        }
    }
     
    class TestModel
    {
        public $property = 'property';
    }
    执行: D:phpStudyPHPTutorialphpphp-7.1.13-ntsphp.exe .index.php  hello world
    返回:property
    

      

    TP框架中实现前后控制器

    <?php
    class BlogAction {
    
        public function detail() {
            echo 'detail' . "
    ";
        }
    
        public function test($year = 2014, $month = 4, $day = 21) {
            echo $year . '--' . $month . '--' . $day . "
    ";
        }
    
        public function _before_detail() {
            echo __FUNCTION__ . "
    ";
        }
    
        public function _after_detail() {
            echo __FUNCTION__ . "
    ";
        }
    }
    
    // 执行detail方法
    $method = new ReflectionMethod('BlogAction', 'detail');
    $instance = new BlogAction();
    
    // 进行权限判断
    if ($method->isPublic()) {
    
        $class = new ReflectionClass('BlogAction');
    
        // 执行前置方法
        if ($class->hasMethod('_before_detail')) {
            $beforeMethod = $class->getMethod('_before_detail');
            if ($beforeMethod->isPublic()) {
                $beforeMethod->invoke($instance);
            }
        }
    
        $method->invoke(new BlogAction);
    
        // 执行后置方法
        if ($class->hasMethod('_after_detail')) {
            $beforeMethod = $class->getMethod('_after_detail');
            if ($beforeMethod->isPublic()) {
                $beforeMethod->invoke($instance);
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 执行带参数的方法
    $method = new ReflectionMethod('BlogAction', 'test');
    $params = $method->getParameters();
    foreach ($params as $param) {
        $paramName = $param->getName();
        if (isset($_REQUEST[$paramName])) {
            $args[] = $_REQUEST[$paramName];
        } elseif ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
            $args[] = $param->getDefaultValue();
        }
    }
    
    if (count($args) == $method->getNumberOfParameters()) {
        $method->invokeArgs($instance, $args);
    } else {
        echo 'parameters is wrong!';
    }

    其他参考

    /**
     * 执行App控制器
     */
    public function execApp() {
    
        // 创建action控制器实例
        $className = MODULE_NAME . 'Controller';
        $namespaceClassName = '\apps\' . APP_NAME . '\controller\' . $className;
        load_class($namespaceClassName, false);
    
        if (!class_exists($namespaceClassName)) {
            throw new Exception('Oops! Module not found : ' . $namespaceClassName);
        }
    
        $controller = new $namespaceClassName();
    
        // 获取当前操作名
        $action = ACTION_NAME;
    
        // 执行当前操作
        //call_user_func(array(&$controller, $action)); // 其实吧,用这个函数足够啦!!!
        try {
            $methodInfo = new ReflectionMethod($namespaceClassName, $action);
            if ($methodInfo->isPublic() && !$methodInfo->isStatic()) {
                $methodInfo->invoke($controller);
            } else { // 操作方法不是public类型,抛出异常
                throw new ReflectionException();
            }
        } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
            // 方法调用发生异常后,引导到__call方法处理
            $methodInfo = new ReflectionMethod($namespaceClassName, '__call');
            $methodInfo->invokeArgs($controller, array($action, ''));
        }
        return;
    }
    -------------------------END------------------------- 
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunlong88/p/9674827.html
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