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  • React之路由

    安装命令

      npm install -S react-router-dom

    引入

         import {Link,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
     
    路由的基本使用
                1.明确好界面中的导航区、展示区
                2.导航区的a标签改为Link标签
                            <Link to="/xxxxx">Demo</Link>
                3.展示区写Route标签进行路径的匹配
                            <Route path='/xxxx' component={Demo}/>
                4.<App>的最外侧包裹了一个<BrowserRouter>或<HashRouter>
    四、路由组件与一般组件
                1.写法不同:
                            一般组件:<Demo/>
                            路由组件:<Route path="/demo" component={Demo}/>
                2.存放位置不同:
                            一般组件:components
                            路由组件:pages
                3.接收到的props不同:
                            一般组件:写组件标签时传递了什么,就能收到什么
                            路由组件:接收到三个固定的属性
                                                history:
                                                            go: ƒ go(n)
                                                            goBack: ƒ goBack()
                                                            goForward: ƒ goForward()
                                                            push: ƒ push(path, state)
                                                            replace: ƒ replace(path, state)
                                                location:
                                                            pathname: "/about"
                                                            search: ""
                                                            state: undefined
                                                match:
                                                            params: {}
                                                            path: "/about"
                                                            url: "/about"

    ## 五、NavLink与封装NavLink
                    1.NavLink可以实现路由链接的高亮,通过activeClassName指定样式名

    ## 六、Switch的使用
                    1.通常情况下,path和component是一一对应的关系。
                    2.Switch可以提高路由匹配效率(单一匹配)。

    ## 七、解决多级路径刷新页面样式丢失的问题
                    1.public/index.html 中 引入样式时不写 ./ 写 / (常用)
                    2.public/index.html 中 引入样式时不写 ./ 写 %PUBLIC_URL% (常用)
                    3.使用HashRouter

    ## 八、路由的严格匹配与模糊匹配
                    1.默认使用的是模糊匹配(简单记:【输入的路径】必须包含要【匹配的路径】,且顺序要一致)
                    2.开启严格匹配:<Route exact={true} path="/about" component={About}/>
                    3.严格匹配不要随便开启,需要再开,有些时候开启会导致无法继续匹配二级路由

    ## 九、Redirect的使用    
                    1.一般写在所有路由注册的最下方,当所有路由都无法匹配时,跳转到Redirect指定的路由
                    2.具体编码:
                            <Switch>
                                <Route path="/about" component={About}/>
                                <Route path="/home" component={Home}/>
                                <Redirect to="/about"/>
                            </Switch>

    ## 十、嵌套路由
                    1.注册子路由时要写上父路由的path值
                    2.路由的匹配是按照注册路由的顺序进行的

    ## 十一、向路由组件传递参数
                    1.params参数
                                路由链接(携带参数):<Link to='/demo/test/tom/18'}>详情</Link>
                                注册路由(声明接收):<Route path="/demo/test/:name/:age" component={Test}/>
                                接收参数:this.props.match.params
                    2.search参数
                                路由链接(携带参数):<Link to='/demo/test?name=tom&age=18'}>详情</Link>
                                注册路由(无需声明,正常注册即可):<Route path="/demo/test" component={Test}/>
                                接收参数:this.props.location.search
                                备注:获取到的search是urlencoded编码字符串,需要借助querystring解析
                    3.state参数
                                路由链接(携带参数):<Link to={{pathname:'/demo/test',state:{name:'tom',age:18}}}>详情</Link>
                                注册路由(无需声明,正常注册即可):<Route path="/demo/test" component={Test}/>
                                接收参数:this.props.location.state
                                备注:刷新也可以保留住参数
                    


    ## 十二、编程式路由导航
                        借助this.prosp.history对象上的API对操作路由跳转、前进、后退
                                -this.prosp.history.push()
                                -this.prosp.history.replace()
                                -this.prosp.history.goBack()
                                -this.prosp.history.goForward()
                                -this.prosp.history.go()

    ## 十三、BrowserRouter与HashRouter的区别
                1.底层原理不一样:
                            BrowserRouter使用的是H5的history API,不兼容IE9及以下版本。
                            HashRouter使用的是URL的哈希值。
                2.path表现形式不一样
                            BrowserRouter的路径中没有#,例如:localhost:3000/demo/test
                            HashRouter的路径包含#,例如:localhost:3000/#/demo/test
                3.刷新后对路由state参数的影响
                            (1).BrowserRouter没有任何影响,因为state保存在history对象中。
                            (2).HashRouter刷新后会导致路由state参数的丢失!!!
                4.备注:HashRouter可以用于解决一些路径错误相关的问题。
     
    querystring库react脚手架已下载,直接引用
          import qs from 'querystring'
    使用:
         const {id,title} = qs.parse(search.slice(1))
         qs.stringfy({id:'01',content:'你好,中国'})   //id='01'&content='你好,中国'
     
    19  push与replace模式
    <Link replace to={{pathname:'/home/message/detail',state:{id:msgObj.id,title:msgObj.title}}}>{msgObj.title}</Link>
    路由标签中加上repalce,如上所示,则栈中上一个路径被替换,点击浏览器返回,无法返回上一步,直接返回到浏览器上上个地址
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunmarvell/p/14445687.html
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