apache目录下bin,conf,htdocs,logs,modules讲解
bin：
ab 压力测试工具
apachectl 启动命令
apxs 安装扩展模块的工具
htcapacheclean 清理磁盘缓冲区命令
htpasswd 建立和更新基本认证文件
httpd 控制命令程序，apachectl执行时会调用
rotatelogs 日志轮询工具，会用cronolog替代
conf 配置文件目录
httpd.conf 主配置文件
extra 子配置文件目录
htdocs 默认站点目录
index.html,index.php,index.jsp 首页文件
首页名字在httpd.conf中事先定义好了
DirectoryIndex index.html
修改好后要重启httpd服务
apachectl -t 或 apachectl graceful(平滑重启)
logs 日志
access_log 访问日志
error_log 错误日志
httpd.pid http进程启动后，会把所有进程的id号写进来
modules 模块目录
httpd.conf 主配置文件介绍
grep -Ev "#|^$" httpd.conf >httpd.conf.ori 排除注释文件
ServerRoot "/application/apache2.2.31" //服务的根目录
Listen 80 //监听端口，是所有ip
<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
User daemon //默认用户
Group daemon //默认组
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
ServerAdmin you@example.com //管理员邮箱
DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.31/htdocs" //默认站点目录
<Directory /> //根目录权限控制
Options FollowSymLinks //允许在此目录中使用符号链接
AllowOverride None //服务器将忽略.htacess文件，禁止重载
Order deny,allow
Deny from all //加上面一行表示不允许任何人访问目录
</Directory>
<Directory "/application/apache2.2.31/htdocs"> //默认目录权限控制
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks //Indexes-->展示目录结构(优化1)
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html //指定访问首页
</IfModule>
<FilesMatch "^.ht"> //对.ht开头的文件设置权限
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>
ErrorLog "logs/error_log" //错误日志
LogLevel warn //日志的警告
<IfModule log_config_module> //日志格式
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b" common
<IfModule logio_module>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i" %I %O" combinedio
</IfModule>
CustomLog "logs/access_log" common
</IfModule>
<IfModule alias_module> //cgi配置，以下10行都是，已淘汰，可删掉
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/application/apache2.2.31/cgi-bin/"
</IfModule>
<IfModule cgid_module>
</IfModule>
<Directory "/application/apache2.2.31/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
DefaultType text/plain //缺省类型
<IfModule mime_module> //指定MIME类型映射文件
TypesConfig conf/mime.types
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
</IfModule>
<IfModule ssl_module> //ssl配置
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>
子配置文件介绍
httpd-autoindex.conf
httpd-info.conf
httpd-mpm.conf //重点
httpd-userdir.conf
httpd-dav.conf
httpd-languages.conf
httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
httpd-vhosts.conf //重点
httpd-default.conf //了解
httpd-manual.conf
httpd-ssl.conf
httpd-vhost.conf //大部分网站都在这里面配置
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80> //基于域名的虚拟主机
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.31/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.31/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
httpd-mpm.conf
<IfModule !mpm_netware_module> //pid文件
PidFile "logs/httpd.pid"
</IfModule>
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
LockFile "logs/accept.lock" //锁文件
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module> //prefor模式，另一模式是worker
StartServers 5
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
MaxClients 150 //默认并发数150
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_worker_module> //worker模式
StartServers 2
MaxClients 150
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_beos_module>
StartThreads 10
MaxClients 50
MaxRequestsPerThread 10000
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_netware_module>
ThreadStackSize 65536
StartThreads 250
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 250
MaxThreads 1000
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
MaxMemFree 100
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_mpmt_os2_module>
StartServers 2
MinSpareThreads 5
MaxSpareThreads 10
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_winnt_module>
ThreadsPerChild 150
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
httpd-default.conf
Timeout 300 //超时时间s
KeepAlive On //保持连接状态
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 //最大连接数
KeepAliveTimeout 5 //在同一连接上等待下一个请求的时间
UseCanonicalName Off
AccessFileName .htaccess //伪静态的语法写在.htaccess
开发要用，需要给他权限 AllowOverride ALL
ServerTokens Full
ServerSignature On //隐藏apache版本 防黑客
HostnameLookups Off