Spring-boot定时任务，注解@Scheduled的参数说明

关于Scheduled的参数

1.corn
2.fixedDelay
3.fixedDelayString
4.fixedRate
5.fixedRateString
6.initialDelay
7.initialDelayString
8.zone

总共有八种参数类型，对于第一种类型一般使用就最熟悉了，是可以控制方法在任意的年月日时分秒上执行，同时不断循环。比较简单，网上的说明也比较多，就不做解释。

fixedRate属性

该属性的含义是上一个调用开始后再次调用的延时（不用等待上一次调用完成），这样就会存在重复执行的问题，所以不是建议使用，但数据量如果不大时在配置的间隔时间内可以执行完也是可以使用的。

fixedRate & fixedRateString

这两个参数在使用上的作用应该是基本一样的，只是传入的参数类型不同，一个是传入long类型，一个是传入String类型。

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between the
	 * end of the last invocation and the start of the next.
	 * 翻译：在最后一次调用结束和下一次调用结束之间以毫秒为单位执行注解的方法。
	 * @return the delay in milliseconds
	 */
	long fixedDelay() default -1;

fixedDelay属性

该属性的功效与上面的fixedRate则是相反的，配置了该属性后会等到方法执行完成后延迟配置的时间再次执行该方法.

fixedDelay & fixedDelayString

这两个参数在使用上的作用应该是基本一样的，只是传入的参数类型不同，一个是传入long类型，一个是传入String类型。

/**
	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
	 * 翻译：在第一次执行之前延迟的毫秒数
	 * {@link #fixedRate()} or {@link #fixedDelay()} task.
	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds
	 * @since 3.2
	 */
	long initialDelay() default -1

initialDelay属性

该属性跟上面的fixedDelay、fixedRate有着密切的关系，为什么这么说呢？该属性的作用是第一次执行延迟时间，只是做延迟的设定，并不会控制其他逻辑，所以要配合fixedDelay或者fixedRate来使用

initalDelay&initialDelayString

这两个是控制方法调用的间隔时间，同样也是传入参数类型不同，一个是传入long类型，一个是传入String类型。

下面是@Scheduled注解源码，以及注释

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2016 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.scheduling.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Repeatable;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * An annotation that marks a method to be scheduled. Exactly one of
 * the {@link #cron()}, {@link #fixedDelay()}, or {@link #fixedRate()}
 * attributes must be specified.
 *
 * <p>The annotated method must expect no arguments. It will typically have
 * a {@code void} return type; if not, the returned value will be ignored
 * when called through the scheduler.
 *
 * <p>Processing of {@code @Scheduled} annotations is performed by
 * registering a {@link ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor}. This can be
 * done manually or, more conveniently, through the {@code <task:annotation-driven/>}
 * element or @{@link EnableScheduling} annotation.
 *
 * <p>This annotation may be used as a <em>meta-annotation</em> to create custom
 * <em>composed annotations</em> with attribute overrides.
 *
 * @author Mark Fisher
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 3.0
 * @see EnableScheduling
 * @see ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 * @see Schedules
 */
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Repeatable(Schedules.class)
public @interface Scheduled {

	/**
	 * A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include
	 * triggers on the second as well as minute, hour, day of month, month
	 * and day of week.  e.g. {@code "0 * * * * MON-FRI"} means once per minute on
	 * weekdays (at the top of the minute - the 0th second).
	 * @return an expression that can be parsed to a cron schedule
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator
	 */
	String cron() default "";

	/**
	 * A time zone for which the cron expression will be resolved. By default, this
	 * attribute is the empty String (i.e. the server's local time zone will be used).
	 * @return a zone id accepted by {@link java.util.TimeZone#getTimeZone(String)},
	 * or an empty String to indicate the server's default time zone
	 * @since 4.0
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger#CronTrigger(String, java.util.TimeZone)
	 * @see java.util.TimeZone
	 */
	String zone() default "";

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between the
	 * end of the last invocation and the start of the next.
	 * @return the delay in milliseconds
	 */
	long fixedDelay() default -1;

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between the
	 * end of the last invocation and the start of the next.
	 * @return the delay in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String fixedDelayString() default "";

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between
	 * invocations.
	 * @return the period in milliseconds
	 */
	long fixedRate() default -1;

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between
	 * invocations.
	 * @return the period in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String fixedRateString() default "";

	/**
	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
	 * {@link #fixedRate()} or {@link #fixedDelay()} task.
	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds
	 * @since 3.2
	 */
	long initialDelay() default -1;

	/**
	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
	 * {@link #fixedRate()} or {@link #fixedDelay()} task.
	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String initialDelayString() default "";

}

题外话：今天做项目，遇到需要定时处理之类的操作，用的是spring-boot的框架。百度了一下基本都是清一色的cron的配置参数，但是跟我的需求不是很贴合，对@Scheduled注解参数又不是很了解，所以花了些时间，搜集了一下资料，以及结合源码，百度翻译等，做了一下总结，学习一下。