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  • hadoop自动安装的脚本与步骤

    最近要在10几台机器上安装hadoop。对于这种繁复而重复的工作,一步步的打命令行,对于程序员来说是一件不能忍的事情。所以我就琢磨着怎么写一个脚本来自动安装hadoop。

    任务: 在10几台机器上中的任意一台执行脚本,即可安装好hadoop。

    条件: 每台机器的用户名和密码都是一样的。每台机器都配置好了ssh,能够远程登录。

    解决思路:

      1. 首先读取配置文件,读取到节点的ip和想要的机器名字,然后修改好本地hadoop的配置文件。

      2. 然后读取配置文件,复制所有文件到每个节点的安装的路径。(利用scp命令可以远程复制)

      3. 然后读取配置文件,自动ssh到每个节点做一些配置工作,包括配置hadoop和JDK 环境变量、生成ssh-key。

      4. ssh到主节点,将每个节点(包括主节点自己)生成的public key 都复制并追加到自己的authorized_keys. 然后把这个authorized_keys分发到每个节点。

    这样就配置好了hadoop。

      题外话,介绍一下 ssh-keygen。ssh-keygen是一个ssh用于生成密钥的命令。用途是用于免密码登录。它会生成两个密钥,一个是公钥,一个是私钥。比如A 机器生成了pubKeyA,priKeyB。然后A 把pubKeyA给了机器B ,然后机器B 就可以无密码登录机器A 了。

    在上面的步骤中,主要的难题是。

    1. 对于步骤一,主要难题在于怎么用shell读取配置文件。由于我也之前没写过shell,所以Shell的循环和if 语句和字符串处理也卡了不少时间。

    # 这段代码是怎么从hosts的节点配置文件中读取节点的信息
    # hosts的格式如下
    # 192.168.1.100 master
    # 192.168.1.101 slave1
    # 192.168.1.102 slave2
    # ...
    while
    read line do echo $line ip=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f1` name=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f2` if [ ! -z $ip ]; then echo $name if [[ $name == maste* ]]; then echo "$name" >> ../hadoop-1.2.1/conf/masters elif [[ $name == slave* ]]; then echo "$name" >> ../hadoop-1.2.1/conf/slaves  fi fi done < hosts

    2. 对于步骤2,由于刚开始节点直接没有实现无密码ssh,所以scp命令需要输入密码,所以怎么实现自动输入密码实在是一个棘手的问题。我搜索之后,发现一个工具叫expect。

     expect工具就像bash一样有自己的语法,然后有自己的命令。它的语法是基于TCL这种脚本语言(我也没听过),看帮助可以直接man expect。我觉得主要需要知道的expect命令是spawn,expect,exp_continue这三个。

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    # expect 定义函数的方式如下 proc usage {} { puts stderr
    "usage: $::argv0 ip usrname password" exit 1 } if {$argc != 3} { usage } #利用脚本传参数 set hostip [lindex $argv 0] set username [lindex $argv 1] set password [lindex $argv 2] set timeout 100000 # 利用expect的spawn命令来代理执行命令 spawn scp -r ../../hadoop ${username}@${hostip}:~ #获取期望的输出 expect { #如果输出是 要输入密码
    #注意下面的大括号 不能换行写,必须用Java风格,而且与前面的“之间要有一个空格,我当时犯了这错误,程序执行的结果很奇怪却不报错。
    "*assword:" { send "$password " #输入密码后期待spawn代理的命令结束 expect eof } #如果不需要输入密码,那也是一样期待命令结束 expect eof }

    对于步骤3、4已经没什么挑战性了,很快就完成了。

    下面我把所有代码贴上来

      1. setHadoopOnce.sh 这个文件是脚本执行的起点

     1 #!/bin/bash
     2 #修改密码
     3 pw=123456
     4 loginName=hadoop
     5 master=master
     6 slave=slave
     7 slaveNum=1
     8 set timeout 100000
     9 > ../hadoop-1.2.1/conf/masters
    10 > ../hadoop-1.2.1/conf/slaves
    11 #update local file
    12 while read line
    13 do
    14     echo $line
    15     ip=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f1`
    16     name=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f2`
    17     if [ ! -z $ip ]; then
    18         echo $name
    19         if [[ $name == maste* ]]; then
    20         echo "$name" >> ../hadoop-1.2.1/conf/masters
    21         elif [[ $name == slave* ]]; then
    22         echo "$name" >> ../hadoop-1.2.1/conf/slaves
    23         fi
    24     fi
    25 done < hosts
    26 #upload file to all nodes
    27 while read line
    28 do
    29     ip=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f1`
    30     name=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f2`
    31     if [ ! -z $ip ]; then
    32         expect copyDataToAll.exp $ip $loginName $pw
    33         expect setForAll.exp $ip $loginName $pw
    34     fi
    35 done < hosts
    36 
    37 while read line
    38 do
    39     ip=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f1`
    40     name=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f2`
    41     if [ ! -z $ip ]; then
    42         if [[ $name == maste* ]]; then
    43             expect setForMaster.exp $ip $loginName $pw
    44         fi
    45     fi
    46 done < hosts

      2. copyDataToAll.exp 这个在setHadoopOnce.sh中的32行被调用,以复制文件到所有节点。

     1 #!/usr/bin/expect
     2 proc usage {} {
     3     puts stderr "usage: $::argv0 ip usrname password"
     4     exit 1
     5 }
     6 if {$argc != 3} { usage }
     7 set hostip [lindex $argv 0]
     8 set username [lindex $argv 1]
     9 set password [lindex $argv 2]
    10 set timeout 100000
    11 spawn scp -r ../../hadoop ${username}@${hostip}:~
    12 expect {
    13     "*assword:" {
    14         send "$password
    "
    15         expect eof
    16     }
    17     expect eof
    18 }

      3. setForAll.exp 为所有节点进行一些配置工作,在setHadoopOnce.sh中的33行被调用.

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    proc usage {} {
        puts stderr "usage: $::argv0 ip usrname password"
        exit 1
    }
    proc connect {pwd} {
        expect {
            "*(yes/no)?" {
                send "yes
    "
                expect "*assword:" {
                    send "$pwd
    "
                    expect {
                        "*Last login:*" {
                            return 0
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            "*assword:" {
                send "$pwd
    "
                expect {
                    "*Last login:*" {
                        return 0
                    }
                }
            }
            "*Last login:*" {
                return 0
            }
        }
        return 1
    }
    if {$argc != 3} { usage }
    set hostip [lindex $argv 0]
    set username [lindex $argv 1]
    set password [lindex $argv 2]
    set timeout 100000
    
    spawn ssh ${username}@${hostip}
    if {[connect $password]} {
        exit 1
    }
    #set host
    send "sudo bash ~/hadoop/setup/addHosts.sh
    "
    expect "*assword*"
    send "$password
    "
    expect "*ddhostsucces*"
    sleep 1
    
    send "ssh-agent bash ~/hadoop/setup/sshGen.sh
    "
    expect {
        "*(yes/no)?" {
            send "yes
    "
            exp_continue
        }
        "*verwrite (y/n)?" {
            send "n
    "
            exp_continue
        } 
        "*nter file in which to save the key*" {
            send "
    "
            exp_continue
        }
        "*nter passphrase*" {
            send "
    "
            exp_continue
        }
        "*nter same passphrase again*" {
            send "
    "
            exp_continue
        }
        "*our public key has been saved*" {
            exp_continue
        }
        "*etsshGenSucces*" {
            sleep 1
        }
    }
    
    send "bash ~/hadoop/setup/setEnvironment.sh
    "
    expect "*etEnvironmentSucces*"
    sleep 1
    
    send "exit
    "
    expect eof

      3.1  addHosts.sh 在setForAll.exp中被调用,用于设置节点的hosts文件

    #!/bin/bash
    
    hadoopRoot=~/hadoop
    hadoopPath=$hadoopRoot/hadoop-1.2.1
    setupPath=$hadoopRoot/setup
    localip="`ifconfig |head -n 2|tail -n1 |cut -f2 -d: |cut -f1 -d" " `"
    hostline="`grep "$localip$" $hadoopRoot/setup/hosts`"
    sed -i /$hostline/d $hadoopRoot/setup/hosts
    #cp /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.hadoop.bak
    for delip in `cat $hadoopRoot/setup/hosts`
    do
        delipline="`grep -n "$delip[[:space:]]" /etc/hosts |cut -f1 -d:`"
        #echo $delipline
        if [ -n "$delipline" ]; then
            sed -i $deliplined /etc/hosts
            sleep 1s
        #else
            #echo "Your List have no the ip $delip"
        fi
    done
    cat $hadoopRoot/setup/hosts >> /etc/hosts
    rm -f "$setupPath"/sed*
    echo "addhostsuccess"

      3.2 sshGen.sh 在setForAll.sh中被调用,用于生成sshkey。

    #!/bin/bash
    sshPath=~/.ssh
    setupPath=~/hadoop/setup
    rm "$sshPath"/authorized_keys
    sleep 1
    ssh-keygen -t rsa
    cat "$sshPath"/id_rsa.pub >> "$sshPath"/authorized_keys
    ssh-add
    echo "setsshGenSuccess"

      3.3 setEnvironment.sh 在setForAll.sh中被调用,用于设置环境变量

    #!/bin/bash
    hadoopRoot=~/hadoop
    hadoopPath=$hadoopRoot/hadoop-1.2.1
    setupPath=$hadoopRoot/setup
    JAVA_VERSION=`java -version 2>&1 | awk '/java version/ {print $3}'|sed 's/"//g'|awk '{if ($1>=1.6) print "ok"}'`
    
    if [ "$JAVA_VERSION"x != "okx" ]; then
        cat "$setupPath"/jdkenv >> ~/.bashrc
        sleep 1
        source ~/.bashrc
        sleep 1
    fi
    
    Hadoop_Version=`hadoop version|awk '/Hadoop/ {print $2}'|awk '{if ($1>=1.0) print "ok"}'`
    
    if [ "$Hadoop_Version"x != "okx" ]; then
        cat "$setupPath"/hadoopenv >> ~/.bashrc
        sleep 1
        source ~/.bashrc
        sleep 1
    fi
    
    echo "setEnvironmentSuccess"

    4. setForMaster.exp 远程ssh调用setForMaster.sh,以配置无密码登录的功能。

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    proc usage {} {
        puts stderr "usage: $::argv0 ip usrname password"
        exit 1
    }
    proc connect {pwd} {
        expect {
            "*(yes/no)?" {
                send "yes
    "
                expect "*assword:" {
                    send "$pwd
    "
                    expect {
                        "*Last login:*" {
                            return 0
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            "*assword:" {
                send "$pwd
    "
                expect {
                    "*Last login:*" {
                        return 0
                    }
                }
            }
            "*Last login:*" {
                return 0
            }
        }
        return 1
    }
    
    if {$argc != 3} { usage }
    set hostip [lindex $argv 0]
    set username [lindex $argv 1]
    set password [lindex $argv 2]
    set timeout 100000
    spawn ssh ${username}@${hostip}
    if {[connect $password]} {
        exit 1
    }
    
    send "ssh-agent bash ~/hadoop/setup/setForMaster.sh
    "
    expect {
        "*etForMasterSucces*" {
            sleep 1
            send "exit
    "
        }
        "*assword*" {
            send "$password
    "
            exp_continue
        }
        "*(yes/no)?" {
            send "yes
    "
            exp_continue
        }
    }

      4.1 setForMaster.sh

    #!/bin/bash
    while read line
    do
        ip=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f1`
        name=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f2`
        if [ ! -z $ip ]; then
            if [[ $name == slave* ]]; then
                scp $ip:~/.ssh/authorized_keys ~/tmpkey
                cat ~/tmpkey >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
            fi
        fi
    done < ~/hadoop/setup/hosts
    
    sleep 1
    
    rm -f ~/tmpkey
    while read line
    do
        ip=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f1`
        name=`echo $line | cut -d" " -f2`
        if [ ! -z $ip ]; then
            if [[ $name == slave* ]]; then
                scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys $ip:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
            fi
        fi
    done < ~/hadoop/setup/hosts
    
    echo "setForMasterSuccess"

    安装包打包下载地址: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dDj6LHJ

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tlm1992/p/tlm_hadoop_auto.html
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