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  • Python格式化输出

    引入:程序中会有按某种特定格式输出内容的需求,需要用到占位符

    --------------- 完美的分割线 -----------------

    1.1.格式化输出的需求 

    程序中经常会有这样场景:要求用户输入信息,然后打印成固定的格式
    比如要求用户输入用户名和年龄,然后打印如下格式:

    My name is xxx,my age is xxx.

    很明显,用逗号进行字符串拼接,只能把用户输入的名字和年龄放到末尾,无法放到指定的xxx位置,而且数字也必须经过str(数字)的转换才能与字符串进行拼接。
    这就需要用到占位符,常用的占位符有如:%s,%d,%f

    # 一般输出结果这样

    xiaoming 25 it 5000

    # 好看的输出结果(格式化输出)

    ------ info of xiaoming ------
    Name:xiaoming
    Age:25
    Job:it
    Salary:5000
    ------------ END -------------

    1.2.占位符的类型

    1)%s字符串占位符

    可以接收字符串,也可接收数字

    print('My name is %s,my age is %s' %('xiaoming',18))
    --->My name is xiaoming,my age is 18

    2)%d数字占位符

    只能接收整数,数字;

    print('My name is %s,my age is %d' %('xiaoming',18))
    --->My name is xiaoming,my age is 18
    print('My name is %s,my age is %d' %('xiaoming','18'))
    ---># 报错如下:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    My name is xiaoming,my age is 18
      File "D:/02.PyProjects/1.svndata/01.Python基础/00.Python/Python格式化输出.py", line 129, in <module>
        print('My name is %s,my age is %d' %('xiaoming','18'))
    TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str

    3)%f浮点数,小数

    可以保留6位小数的精度

    总结:

    1)需要预置某些变量的数据类型,防止用户输入错误类型的数据
    如果是数字可能需要转换数据类型为int,可以进行一些运算,如age和salary应该是数字
    2)如果没有在前面判断输入的数据的类型,可以使用占位符来规范数据的类型
    占位符改成%d则input时只能输入数字,否则会报错
    3)%s可以接收数字,但是存为字符串类型,可以进行数据类型的转换,
    需要先检测输入的是否为数字,需要用到isdigit()方法

    if salary.isdigit():
        salary = int(salary)        # 转换为数字类型
    else:
        print("you must be input digit for Salary")
        exit("bye bye") # 退出程序

    1.3.格式化输出的方法

    实例演示:格式化输出指定内容

    1)方法1:占位符,检测验证数据类型

    print("以下内容为:占位符的应用")
    name = input("name:")
    age = int(input("age:"))
    job = input("job:")
    salary = int(input("salary:"))
    info1 = '''
    ------ info of %s ------
    Name:%s
    Age:%d
    Job:%s
    Salary:%f
    You will be retired in %s years.
    ------ END ------
    '''%(name,name,age,job,salary,65-age)
    print(info1)

    输入返回如下:

    以下内容为:占位符的应用
    name:xiaoming
    age:22
    job:IT
    salary:10000
    
    ------ info of xiaoming ------
    Name:xiaoming
    Age:22
    Job:IT
    Salary:10000.000000
    You will be retired in 43 years.
    ------ END ------

    2)方法2:字符串拼接

    print("以下内容为:字符串拼接的应用")
    name = input("name:")
    age = int(input("age:"))
    job = input("job:")
    salary = input("salary:")
    info2 = """
    ==== info of ''' + name +''' ====
    Name:''' + name + '''
    Age:''' + age + '''
    Job:''' + job + '''
    Salary:'''+ salary + '''
    ==== END ====
    """
    print(info2)

    返回值如下:

    以下内容为:字符串拼接的应用
    name:xiaoming
    age:22
    job:IT
    salary:10000
    
    ==== info of ''' + name +''' ====
    Name:''' + name + '''
    Age:''' + age + '''
    Job:''' + job + '''
    Salary:''' + salary + '''
    ==== END ====

    3)格式化输出方法3:.format()方法

    较常用

    name = input("name:")
    age = int(input("age:"))
    job = input("job:")
    salary = input("salary:")
    info3 = '''
    ==== info of {_name} ====
    Name:{_name}
    Age:{_age}
    Job:{_job}
    Salary:{_salary}
    ==== END ====
    '''.format(_name=name,
              _age=age,
              _job=job,
              _salary=salary)
    print(info3)

    输入及返回如下:

    name:xiaoming
    age:22
    job:IT
    salary:10000
    
    ------ info of xiaoming ------
    Name:xiaoming
    Age:22
    Job:IT
    Salary:10000

    4)格式化输出方法4

    # 变量定义比较模糊,不推荐使用

    name = input("name:")
    age = int(input("age:"))
    job = input("job:")
    salary = input("salary:")
    info4 = '''
    ==== info of {0} ====
    Name:{0}
    Age:{1}
    Job:{2}
    Salary:{3}
    '''.format(name,age,job,salary)
    print(info4)

    输入及返回如下:

    name:xiaoming
    age:22
    job:IT
    salary:10000
    
    ==== info of xiaoming ====
    Name:xiaoming
    Age:22
    Job:IT
    Salary:10000
    ==== END ====

    5)实例练习

    name = input("Name:")
    age = int(input("Age:"))
    job = input("Job:")
    salary = input("Salary:")
    
    if salary.isdigit():
        salary = int(salary)
    else:
        exit("you must input digit for Salary")
    
    print(name,age,job,salary)
    
    info1 = '''
    ==== info of %s ====
    Name: %s
    Age: %d
    Job: %s
    Salary: %f
    You will be retired in %s years.
    ==== END ====
    '''%(name,name,age,job,salary,65-age)
    print(info1)

    加入了数据类型的判断。

    ---- 完毕,呵呵呵呵 ----

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tssc/p/9432036.html
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