业务量：数据库同时访问量在300人左右 RHEL Linux7 + Oracle11.2.0.4数据库 空间要求：200G 数据库名：fghsdb 数据库块大小：8192 数据库字符集：ZHS16GBK 1.生产环境Oracle11gR2 for Linux项目的规划 vmware 12+ 15 物理机CPU I3/I5/I7/E，内存，建议最低16G，有条件32G,硬盘500G 虚拟机 CPU：双核+ 内存：8G （2g-8g） 核算系统 os:rhel linux 7.6 x64 ip: 192.168.1.52 host name: ippuxhsdb52 db name:fghsdb 数据量：200G / 80G （50〜100G） /oracle 50G /oradata 200G /backup 400G /archive 200G 保留一周的归档 swap /—根目录，一般安装标准磁盘 数据库可以ASM和LVM RHEL 7.6 install 带GUI的服务器、硬件监控工具、JAVA平台、KDE、大系统性能、主框架访问、性能工具、兼容性程序库、开发工具、系统管理工具、选择基础设施服务器-->调试工具 1) hosts文件配置 vi /etc/hosts 192.168.1.52 itpuxhsdb or echo "192.168.1.52 itpuxhsdb" >> /etc/hosts cat /etc/hosts 2)配置语言环境 echo "export LANG=en_US" >> ~/.bash_profile 3)准备文件系统 fdisk -l |grep "dev/sd" pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde vgcreate oravg /dev/sdb vgcreate datavg /dev/sdc vgcreate backvg /dev/sdd vgcreate archvg /dev/sde lvcreate -n oralv -L 50000M oravg lvcreate -n datalv -L 200000M datavg lvcreate -n backuplv -L 400000M backvg lvcreate -n archivle -L 200000M archvg pvs vgs lvs mkfs.xfs /dev/backvg/backuplv mkfs.xfs /dev/backvg/archivle mkfs.xfs /dev/datavg/datalv mkfs.xfs /dev/oravg/oralv vi /etc/fstab /dev/oravg/oralv /oracle xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/datavg/datalv /oradata xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/backvg/backuplv /backup xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/backvg/archivelv /archive xfs defaults 0 0 额外在内存使用超过物理内存的1/2的前题下，加大本机的共享内存空间。 none /dev/shm tmpfs default,size=6144m 0 0 mount -o remount /dev/shm mkdir /oracle mkdir /oradata mkdir /backup mkdir /archive mount /oracle mount /oradata mount /backup mount /archive 4.创建用户、组 /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60001 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60002 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60003 oper useradd -u 61001 -g install -G dba,oper oracle passwd oracle mkdir -p /oracle mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle chown -R oracle:dba /oradata chown -R oracle:dba /backup chmod -R 775 /oracle chmod -R 775 /oradata chmod -R 775 /backup chmod -R 775 /archive mount /dev/cdrom /mnt 5.配置yum软件安装环境及软件包安装 mount /dev/cdrom /mnt cd /etc/yum.repos.d mkdir bk mv public-*.repo bk/ or mv *.repo bk/ vi itpux.repo [EL] name = Linux 7.x DVD name = Linux 7.x DVD baseurl = file:///mnt gpgcheck=0 enable=1 :wq! cat /etc/yum.repos.d/itpux.repo yum list |more #From Public Yum or ULN yum -y install autoconf yum -y install automake yum -y install binutils yum -y install binutils-devel yum -y install bison yum -y install cpp yum -y install dos2unix yum -y install ftp yum -y install gcc yum -y install gcc-c++ yum -y install lrzsz yum -y install python-devel yum -y install compat-db* yum -y install combat-gcc-34 yum -y install combat-gcc-34-c++ yum -y install combat-libcap1 yum -y install combat-libstdc++-33 yum -y install combat-libstdc++-33.i686 yum -y install glibc-* yum -y install glibc-*.i686 yum -y install libXpm-*.i686 yum -y install libXp.so.6 yum -y install libXt.so.6 yum -y install libXtst.so.6 yum -y install libXext yum -y install libXext.i686 yum -y install libXtst yum -y install libXtst.i686 yum -y install libX11 yum -y install libX11.i686 yum -y install libXau yum -y install libXau.i686 yum -y install libxcb yum -y install libxcb.i686 yum -y install libXi yum -y install libXi.i686 yum -y install libXtst yum -y install libstdc++-docs yum -y install libgcc_s.so.1 yum -y install libstdc++-.i686 yum -y install libstdc++-devel yum -y install libstdc++-devel.i686 yum -y install libaio yum -y install libaio.i686 yum -y install libaio-devel yum -y install libaio-devel.i686 yum -y install libXp yum -y install libaio-devel yum -y install numactl yum -y install numactl-devel yum -y install make -y yum -y install sysstat -y yum -y install unixODBC yum -y install unixODBC-devel yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel-O.97 yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel yum -y install redhat-lsb-core yum -y install unzip yum -y install *vnc* 3.6修改系统相关参数 1)修改资源限制参数 vi /etc/security/limits.conf #ORACLE SETTING oracle soft nproc 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 16384 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 oracle hard memlock 8000000 oracle soft memlock 8000000 —memlock 单位KB，略低于物理内存。 2)控制给用户分配的资源 vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf * soft nproc 16384 echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf * - proc 16384 //每个用户的进程数限制 cat /etc/pam.d/login vi /etc/sysctl.conf #ORACLE SETTING fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 kernel.shmmax = 5153960756 kernel.shmall = 1228800 kernel.shmmni = 4096 vm.nr_hugepages = 2500 sysctl -p --kernel.shmmax = 5033164800 单个共享内存段最大值，让数据库在一个共享段里面的可以容纳整个SGA。 8g：数据库最大使用内存，不要超过物理内存的80%（sga*80%+pga*20%） 8g:sga<4.8g, pga<1.6g 4.8*1024*1024*1024 = 5153960756 4800*1024*1024 = 5033164800 --kernel.shmall = 1228800 控制共享内存页数= shmmax/PAGESIZE=5033164800/4096=1228800 getconf PAGESIZE --kernel.shmmni = 4096 共享内存段的最大数量 vm.nr_hugepages = 2900 --生产环境LINUX必配，否则性能差，物理内存大于8G一定要配。 （sga_max_size+1g)/2M < memlock 1.(4.8g+1g)/2M=5800/2=2900 2. sga_max_size/2M+100M = 4800/2+100M=2400+100 = 2500M 比较安全 cat /proc/meminfo --4)关闭透明页（rhel 6.x）//rhel7没有这个bug cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag [always] madvise never cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled [always] madvise never vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled fi if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag fi chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local --5)关闭numa功能 yum install numactl -y numastat numactl --show numactl --hardware vi /etc/default/grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off" grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg --3.7配置安全 --1)禁用SELINUX i /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled setenforce 0 --2)关防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service systemctl status firewalld.service 重启os --3.8配置oracle环境变量 su -oracle vi ~/.bash_profile PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$' export PS1 export TMP=/tmp export LANG=en_US export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_UNQNAME=fghsdb ORACLE_SID=fghsdb; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG umask=022 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -u 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi su - oracle env |grep ORACLE 4.RHEL Linux平台Oracle软件的下载 5.Oracle11gR2 for Linux数据库软件安装 6.Oracle11gR2 for Linux监听程序的配置 su - oracle cd /backup ls unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip vncserver password Verify: y ps -ef|grep vnc reboot tigervnc cd /backup ls cd database/ ls ./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0 rpm -e ksh-20120801-139.el7.x86_64 rpm -ivh --force --nodeps pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm rmp -ivh /backup/compat-libstdc-33-3.2.3-72-e17-x86_64.rpm su - oracle cd $ORACLE_HOME cd sysman/lib cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak vi ins_emagent.mk /NMECTL $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11 :wq! su - oracle netca lsnrctl status lsnrctl start su - root netstat -an|grep 1521 以下为数据库安装 Enable automatic maintenance tasks Use the Administrative Password for All Accounts Use Common Location for All Database Files Database Files Location:/oradata Specify Fast Recovery Area 闪回 Enable Archiving 归档 上面两种都不开 Enterprise Manager Repository [SYSAUX] 必须打钩 sga<=物理内存*80%*80% pga<=物理内存*80%*20% SiZing块大小 问开发 8192 Processes 进程数2000 Character Sets字符集 Choose from the list of character sets ZhS16GBK GBK 16-bit Simplified Chinese Dedicated Server mode //每人一个进程 Shared Server Mode //2000个人一个进程 一般选每人一个进程 Storage Controlfile Options Maximum Datafiles: 8192 Tablespaces SYSAUX Size:>File Size:20480 M Bytes 关闭自动扩展 SYSTEM Size:>File Size:20480 M Bytes 关闭自动扩展 TEMP 20G UNDOTBS1 20G USERS 200M Redo Log Groups 生产环境5组 每组200M Create Database Save as a Database Template Generate Database Creation Scripts 上述三个打钩 su - oracle lsnrctl status sqlplus "/as sysdba" sqlplus /nolog SQL> conn /as sysdba; or lsnrctl status Listener Parameter File: /Oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/ cd /Oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/ ls cat tnsnames.ora tnsping fghsdb sqlplus /nolog conn sys/oracle@fghsdb as sysdba; conn system/oracle/fghsdb; select open_mode from v$database; select instance_name,status from v$instance; select name from v$datafile; show parameter sga; show parameter pga; su - oracle cd /backup ls unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip vncserver password Verify: y ps -ef|grep vnc reboot tigervnc cd /backup ls cd database/ ls ./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0 rpm -e ksh-20120801-139.el7.x86_64 rpm -ivh --force --nodeps pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm rmp -ivh /backup/compat-libstdc-33-3.2.3-72-e17-x86_64.rpm su - oracle cd $ORACLE_HOME cd sysman/lib cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak vi ins_emagent.mk /NMECTL $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11 :wq! su - oracle netca lsnrctl status lsnrctl start su - root netstat -an|grep 1521 1)下载补丁及补丁opatch工具 2）上传补丁相关文件到服务器解压 3）停止所有的数据库服务 4）生产环境有已数据的，备份数据库的安装代码，一定要RMAN物理备份数据库。 5）安装opatch工具并打补丁 6）检查补丁情况 7）启动数据库服务 8）测试应用 mv DATABASE PATCH SET UPDATE 11.2.0.4.161018/ psu cd psu unzip p24006111_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip su - oracle lsnrctl stop emctl stop dbconsole sqlplus "/as sysdba" shutdown immediate; ps -ef|grep oracle ps -ef|grep ora_ cd $ORACLE_HOME/ ls cd OPatch ./opatch version cd .. mv OPatch OPatch_old cp -r /backup/psu/OPatch . cd OPatch ./opatch version vi ~/.bash_profile /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/OPatch :wq! source ~/.bash_profile cd /backup/ cd psu ls cd 24006111/ opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./ opatch apply y y y Oracle Home= '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1' y 有告警没关系，没错误就好。 ./opatch version opatch lsinventory cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin sqlplus "/as sysdba" startup 粘贴一脚本运行 select action_time,action,comments from registry$history; col COMMENTS format a50 / 最后编译一下对象。//SQL> shutdown immediate; lsnrctl start cmctl start dbconsole 如果没用，不要开 --9、Oracle11gR2 for Linux数据库启动停止 主机重启后，需要手工启动数据库 lsnrctl start sqlplus "/as sysdba" startup; sqlplus "/as sysdba" shutdown immediate; lsnrctl stop reboot 10、Oracle11gR2基础维护与EM监控管理 --1）180天密码过期 select * from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT'; alter profile default limit PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME unlimited; select * from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT'; --2)关闭审计 show parameter audit; alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile; 改完重启才生效 --3）参数 show parameter sga; show parameter pga; show parameter proc //job 1000 processes 2000 show parameter open alter system set open_cursors=2000 scope=spfile; --4）警告日志 show parameter dump user_dump_list /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/fghsdb/fghsdb/trace cd /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/fghsdb/fghsdb/trace ls alert_fghsdb.log more alert_fghsdb.log /ORA- //一般有问题都是ORA开头的。 --5）EM管理控制台的使用 --6)归档日志的设置 cd /oradata ls fghsdb sqlplus "/as sysdba" archive log list; show parameter recovery alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=100g; alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/archive'; show parameter log shutdown immediate; startup mount; alter database archivelog; archive log list; alter database open; alter system switch logfile; cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/archive/ ls FGHSDB cd FGHSDB ls archivelog cd archivelog/ ls 2019_02_28 shutdown immediate; startup mount; alter database noarchivelog; alter database open; archive log list; --7)关闭所有的数据库服务，备份一次安装代码 su - root emctl status dbconsole lsnrctl stop emctl stop dbconsole cd /backup tar zcvf oracle.tar.gz /oracle