继承

原型链

function SuperType() {
        this.name ="viven";
    }
    SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
        return this.name;
    }


    var b = new SuperType();
    function subType() {
        this.anotherName="kevin";
    }
    subType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
        return this.anotherName;
    }
    subType.prototype =new SuperType();
    var instance  = new subType();
    console.log(instance.getSuperValue()) //viven

因为subType是SuperType的实例，所以，subType的prototype已经指向了SuperType的原型。 所以打印出来的是viven

如果在这之前先实例化instance,则instance继承的还是subType没有指向SuperTyoee的原型之前的实例：那么打印的是Kevin

function SuperType() {
            this.name ="viven";
        }
        SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
            return this.name;
        }


        var b = new SuperType();
        function subType() {
            this.anotherName="kevin";
        }
        subType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
            return this.anotherName;
        }
        var instance  = new subType();
        subType.prototype =new SuperType();
        console.log(instance.getSuperValue()) //Kevin

确定原型和实例之间的关系instanceof

function SuperType() {
            this.name ="viven";
        }
        SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
            return this.name;
        }


        var b = new SuperType();
        function subType() {
            this.anotherName="kevin";
        }
        subType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
            return this.anotherName;
        }

        var instance  = new subType();
        subType.prototype =new SuperType();
        console.log(instance instanceof Object) //true
        console.log(instance instanceof subType) //false
        console.log(instance instanceof SuperType) //false

在subType的原型指向superType之前实例化instance，那么 instance实例的原型只有Object,因为任何对象最终都是指向Object

如果是之后呢

 function SuperType() {
            this.name ="viven";
        }
        SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
            return this.name;
        }


        var b = new SuperType();
        function subType() {
            this.anotherName="kevin";
        }
        subType.prototype.getSuperValue = function () {
            return this.anotherName;
        }

        subType.prototype =new SuperType();
        var instance  = new subType();
        console.log(instance instanceof Object) //true
        console.log(instance instanceof subType) //true
        console.log(instance instanceof SuperType) //true

function superType() {
            this.colors = ["red","green","blue"];

        }
        function SubType() {

        }
        SubType.prototype = new superType();
        var instance = new SubType();
        instance.colors.push("white");
        console.log(instance.colors); //["red", "green", "blue", "white"]
        var instance2 = new SubType();
        console.log(instance2.colors)//["red", "green", "blue", "white"]

一般很少会单独使用原型链

2.借用构造函数

利用call 在新的SubType对象上执行superType()函数中的所有对象方法

function superType() {
            this.colors = ["red","green","blue"];

        }
        function SubType() {
            superType.call(this);
        }
        var instance = new SubType();
        instance.colors.push("white");
        console.log(instance.colors); //["red", "green", "blue", "white"]
        var instance2 = new SubType();
        console.log(instance2.colors)//["red", "green", "blue"]

　　1.传递参数

　　可以在子类型构造函数中向超类型构造函数传递参数

　　

function SuperType(name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        function SubType() {
            //继承SuperType,同时传递参数
            SuperType.call(this,"viven")

            //定义实例属性
            this.age = 19;
        }
        var instance = new SubType();
        console.log(instance.name); //viven
        console.log(instance.age); //19

在调用超类型构造函数后，在添加子类型中的属性，是为了防止SuperType构造函数改写。

function SuperType(name,age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
        function SubType() {
            //定义实例属性
            this.age = 19;
            //继承SuperType,同时传递参数
            SuperType.call(this,"viven",20)

        }
        var instance = new SubType();
        console.log(instance.name); //viven
        console.log(instance.age); //20

3.组合继承

function SuperType(name) {
            this.name = name;
            this.color  =["red","green","blue"];
        }
        SuperType.prototype.sayName = function () {
            console.log(this.name);
        }
        function SubType(name,age) {
            //继承SuperType属性,同时传递参数
            SuperType.call(this,name);
            //定义实例属性
            this.age = age;

        }
        //继承方法
        SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
        //定义实例方法
        SubType.prototype.sayAge = function () {
            console.log(this.age)
        }
        var instance = new SubType("viven",29);
        instance.color.push("white");
        instance.sayName(); //viven
        instance.sayAge(); //29
        console.log(instance.color);

        var instance2 = new SubType("Kevin",20);
        instance2.sayName(); //Kevin
        instance2.sayAge(); //20
        console.log(instance2.color);

4.寄生组合式继承

 function inheritPrototype(subType,superType) {
        var prototype = Object(superType.prototype);
        prototype.constructor = subType;
        subType.prototype =prototype;
    }
        function SuperType(name) {
            this.name = name;
            this.color  =["red","green","blue"];
        }
        SuperType.prototype.sayName = function () {
            console.log(this.name);
        }
        function SubType(name,age) {
            //继承SuperType属性,同时传递参数
            SuperType.call(this,name);
            //定义实例属性
            this.age = age;

        }
        inheritPrototype(SubType,SuperType);
        //定义实例方法
        SubType.prototype.sayAge = function () {
            console.log(this.age)
        }
        var instance = new SubType("viven",29);
        instance.color.push("white");
        instance.sayName(); //viven
        instance.sayAge(); //29
        console.log(instance.color);

        var instance2 = new SubType("Kevin",20);
        instance2.sayName(); //Kevin
        instance2.sayAge(); //20
        console.log(instance2.color);