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  • Django使用心得(三)

    本篇主要讲解如何将可复用的功能作成独立的App,并从主Project中分离出来,便于以后加入到任意Project中。

    下面以一个简单的例子来说明如何物理上分离各个可复用的App

    • 建立1个主Project和3个子App
    • 简单的实现3个子App
    • 关联主工程和3个子App

    1. 建立1个主Project和3个子App

    首先建立一个django project,名为siteWithApps。建立方法参见Django使用心得(一)
    然后建立3个子工程:(3个子工程没有实际的功能,只是模拟如何在django中分离App)
    subApp1: 模拟权限认证功能,认证成功后返回siteWithApps
    subApp2: 无实际功能,可返回siteWithApps
    subApp3: 无实际功能,可返回siteWithApps

    2. 简单的实现3个子App

    3个子App的建立也非常简单,只需建立一个文件夹,然后在文件夹中新建3个空文件,文件名分别为__init__.py,urls.py,views.py,本次不涉及数据库,所以没有建立models.py。
    注意,这里为了从物理上也分离这3个App,将这3个App放在与siteWithApps不同文件夹中了。整个工程的文件夹结构请参照本文最后的部分。

    3个子App分别独立实现,与主Project没有任何联系,方便移植到其他Project中复用。
    代码如下:

    # subApp1:
    
    # file : views.py
    
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    
    
    def Login( request ):
    
    	name = request.POST.get( 'user_name', '' )
    	pwd = request.POST.get( 'user_pass', '' )
    	result = False
    	if name == 'admin' and pwd == '123':
    		result = True
    
    	return render_to_response( 'subApp1/check_login.html',
    			{ 'user_name' : name,
    			  'user_pass': pwd,
    			  'result' : result
    			})
    
    
    # file : urls.py
    
    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
    
    urlpatterns = patterns('',
    	(r'^$', 'subApp1.views.Login' ),
    
    )
    # subApp2:
    
    # file: views.py
    
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    
    def App( request ):
    	return render_to_response( 'subApp2/subApp2.html' )
    
    
    # file: urls.py
    
    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
    
    urlpatterns = patterns('',
    	(r'^$', 'subApp2.views.App' ),
    
    )
    # subApp3:
    
    # file: views.py
    
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    
    def App( request ):
    	return render_to_response( 'subApp3/subApp3.html' )
    
    
    # file: urls.py
    
    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
    
    urlpatterns = patterns('',
    	(r'^$', 'subApp3.views.App' ),
    
    )

    3. 关联主工程和3个子App

    通过主Project的urls.py,与3个子App关联起来。耦合性非常低,可以方便的追加新的App或删除已有的App。
    主Project的urls.py如下:

    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
    
    urlpatterns = patterns('',
    	(r'^siteWithApps/$', 'siteWithApps.views.Init' ),
    	(r'^siteWithApps/apps/$', 'siteWithApps.views.Contents' ),
    
    	(r'^siteWithApps/logincheck/$', include('subApp1.urls') ),
    	(r'^siteWithApps/app2/$', include('subApp2.urls') ),
    	(r'^siteWithApps/app3/$', include('subApp3.urls') ),
    )

    需要注意的一点是,为了能识别位于不同文件夹下的子App,需要在主Project的settings.py开始部分加入下面一段。

    # add for add isolate app
    import sys
    
    def AddToPythonPath():
    	sys.path.append(r"D:/vim/python/django/django-apps/")
    
    AddToPythonPath()
    # end for add

    这样urls.py中的include就不会报错了。

    主Project和子App的template如下:

    // file : siteWithApps->base.html
    
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html>
    	<head>
    		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    		<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		{% if result %}
    		<a href="/siteWithApps/apps/"><h2>Go to Avilable APPS</h2></a>
    		{% else %}
    		<form action="/siteWithApps/logincheck/" method="post">
    			<label for="user_name">用户名:</label>
    			<input type="text" id="user_name" name="user_name" />
    			<label for="user_pass">密码  :</label>
    			<input type="text" id="user_pass" name="user_pass" />
    			<br />
    
    			<input type="submit" value="登录" />
    		</form
    		{% endif %}
    		{% block login_result %}{% endblock %}
    
    	</body>
    </html>
    
    // file : siteWithApps->apps.html
    
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html>
    	<head>
    		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    		<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    	<h2>Go to Avilable APPS</h2>
    		<ul>
    			<li>
    				<a href="/siteWithApps/app2/">subApp2</a>
    			</li>
    			<li><a href="/siteWithApps/app3/">subApp3</a></li>
    		</ul>	
    		{% block subApp %}{% endblock %}
    	</body>
    </html>
    
    // file : subApp1->check_login.html
    
    {% extends "siteWithApps/base.html"  %}
    
    {% block title %}LoginCheck{% endblock %}
    
    {% block login_result %}
    <h2>输入的用户名和密码分别为:{{ user_name }} 和 {{ user_pass }}</h2>
    <label for="login_result">登录结果:</label>
    {% if result %}
    <h1>登录成功</h1>
    {% else %}
    <h1>登录失败</h1>
    {% endif %}
    {% endblock %}
    
    // file : subApp2->subApp2.html
    
    {% extends "siteWithApps/apps.html"  %}
    {% block title %}subApp 2{% endblock %}
    
    {% block subApp %}
    <h1>This sub App 2</h1>
    {% endblock %}
    
    // file : subApp3->subApp3
    
    {% extends "siteWithApps/apps.html"  %}
    {% block title %}subApp 3{% endblock %}
    
    {% block subApp %}
    <h1>This sub App 3</h1>
    {% endblock %}
    

    整个工程的目录如下:

    D:\Vim\python\django
        |-django-apps
        |     | 
        |     |-subApp1
        |     |     |-urls.py
        |     |     |-views.py
        |     |     `-__init__.py
        |     | 
        |     |-subApp2
        |     |     |-urls.py
        |     |     |-views.py
        |     |     `-__init__.py
        |     | 
        |     `-subApp3
        |           |-urls.py
        |           |-views.py
        |           `-__init__.py
        | 
        |-django-templates
        |     |-siteWithApps
        |     |     |-apps.html
        |     |     `-base.html
        |     | 
        |     |-subApp1
        |     |     `-check_login.html
        |     | 
        |     |-subApp2
        |     |     `-subApp2.html
        |     | 
        |     `-subApp3
        |           `-subApp3.html
        | 
        `-siteWithApps
              |-manage.py
              |-settings.py
              |-urls.py
              |-views.py
              `-__init__.py
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wang_yb/p/2033373.html
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