单元测试 springboot-test

今天整理了下,springboot下单元测试基本用法

若使用了 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)配置，需要用 org.junit.Test运行,juint4包,  junit5包org.junit.jupiter.api.Test 不需要RunWith注解.

一 引入依赖

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>mvctest</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mvctest</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

二 接口代码

package com.example.mvctest.controller;

import com.example.mvctest.dao.User;
import com.example.mvctest.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Administrator
 * @Email wangrqsh@163.com
 * @Date 2020/6/6 0006 下午 23:28
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {


    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/userList")
    public List<User> getUserList(){
        return  userService.findAll();
    }
    @GetMapping("/user")
    public User getUser(Long id){
        return  userService.findById(id);
    }

    @PostMapping("/user")
    public User postUser(@RequestBody User user){
        return  userService.save(user);
    }
}

package com.example.mvctest.service;


import com.example.mvctest.dao.User;
import com.example.mvctest.dao.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2020/6/7 0007 上午 11:04
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Override
    public User findByName(String name) {
        return userRepository.findByName(name);
    }

    @Override
    public User findById(Long id) {
        return userRepository.findById(id).get();
    }

    @Override
    public User save(User user) {
        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findAll() {
        return (List<User> )userRepository.findAll();
    }
}

@Setter
@Getter
@ToString
@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String address;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, Integer age, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }
    public User(Long id,String name, Integer age, String address) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

}

@Repository
public interface UserRepository  extends PagingAndSortingRepository<User,Long> {

    User findByName(String name);

}

二 dao单层测试

package com.example.mvctest.autoconfigtest;

import com.example.mvctest.dao.User;
import com.example.mvctest.dao.UserRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
public class AutoConfigureDataJpaTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager entityManager;
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    public void dao_user_test(){

        User user = new User("leo",5,"合肥");
        entityManager.persist(user);
        entityManager.flush();

        User byName = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
        assertThat(byName.getName()).isEqualTo(user.getName());
    }

}

三 service单层测试

package com.example.mvctest.autoconfigtest;

import com.example.mvctest.dao.User;
import com.example.mvctest.dao.UserRepository;
import com.example.mvctest.service.UserService;
import com.example.mvctest.service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.TestConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.Optional;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class ServiceLayerTest {

    @TestConfiguration
    static class ServiceTestConfiguer{
        @Bean
        public UserService userService(){
        return new UserServiceImpl();
      }
    }

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @MockBean
    UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    public  void user_service_mock_dao_test(){
        User user = new User(1L,"tim",3,"hubei");
        when(userRepository.findById(user.getId())).thenReturn(Optional.of(user));
    Assertions.assertThat(userService.findById(1L).getId()).isEqualTo(1L);
    }
}

四 controller单层测试

package com.example.mvctest.autoconfigtest;

import com.example.mvctest.controller.UserController;
import com.example.mvctest.dao.User;
import com.example.mvctest.service.UserService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasSize;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

/**
 * @Description @WebMvcTest注解：只扫描有限类型的bead来测试,只测试控制层的逻辑,service层数据通过 mock处理,
 *  (limit scanned beans to @Controller, @ControllerAdvice, @JsonComponent, Filter, WebMvcConfigurer and HandlerMethodArgumentResolver.
 *  Regular @Component beans will not be scanned when using this annotation)
 * @Date 2020/6/7 0007 下午 15:57
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
public class AutoConfigureMvcTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void mvc_user_test() throws Exception {

        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>(2);
        userList.add(new User(1L,"john",3,"beijing"));
        userList.add(new User(2L,"jay",4,"shanghai"));
        given(userService.findAll()).willReturn(userList);

        this.mvc.perform(get("/userList").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$",hasSize(2)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].id",is(1)));
    }
}

五 mvc接口测试

package com.example.mvctest.autoconfigtest;

import com.example.mvctest.MyApplication;
import com.example.mvctest.dao.User;
import com.example.mvctest.service.UserService;
import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@SpringBootTest(
        webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.MOCK,
        classes = MyApplication.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@TestPropertySource(locations = "classpath:application-integrationtest.properties")
public class ApplicationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void web_user_get_test() throws Exception{
        createTestUser();
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/user?id=1").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content()
                        .contentTypeCompatibleWith(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id", CoreMatchers.is(1)));
    }

    void createTestUser(){
        User user =new User();
        user.setId(1L);
        userService.save(user);
    }
}

六 json 格式测试

package com.example.mvctest.autoconfigtest;

import com.example.mvctest.dao.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.json.JsonTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.json.JacksonTester;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@JsonTest
public class AutoConfigureJsonTest {
    @Autowired
    private JacksonTester<User> json;

    @Test
    public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
        User details = new User("Honda",8, "Civic");

        // Or use JSON path based assertions
        assertThat(this.json.write(details))
                .hasJsonPathStringValue("@.name");

        assertThat(this.json.write(details))
                .extractingJsonPathStringValue("@.name")
                .isEqualTo("Honda");

        // Assert against a `.json` file in the same package as the test
//        assertThat(this.json.write(details)).isEqualToJson("expected.json");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeserialize() throws Exception {
        String content = "{"id":1,"name":"Ford","age":8,"address":"Focus"}";
//        assertThat(this.json.parse(content)).isEqualTo(new User(1L,"Ford",8, "Focus"));
        assertThat(this.json.parseObject(content).getName()).isEqualTo("Ford");
    }
}

七 http请求测试

package com.example.mvctest;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class HttpRequestTest {

    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    public void greetingShouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
        assertThat(this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:" + port + "/",
                String.class)).contains("Hello, World");
    }

}

七 参考文档

https://spring.io/guides/gs/testing-web/

https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-testing

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.7.RELEASE/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html

 后期继续补充使用，初步整理使用记录,继续提升单元测试覆盖率,结合阿里java开发规约中单元测试相关内容理解使用.

测试代码连接： https://github.com/wangrqsh/mvctest_learn.git