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053.Python前端Django框架模板层

模板层

一模板语法之变量

在 Django 模板中遍历复杂数据结构的关键是句点字符, 语法：

{{ var_name }}

[root@node10 mysite]# cat app01/urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path("test/",views.test1,name="test1"),
    path("temp_test/",views.temp_test),
]

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

#模板相关
def temp_test(request):
        name = "ning"
        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name})     #这里定义的必须和html调用的名称一致

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name}}</h3>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

其他方法

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

#模板相关
def temp_test(request):
        name = "ning"
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)
        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name,
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a1":a1,
                                                "a2":a2,
                                                "a3":a3
                                                                })

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name}}</h3>
        <p>{{list1}}</p>
        <p>{{list1.1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.Age}}</p>
        <p>{{a1}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name.upper}}</p>
        <p>{{a2.test}}</p>

<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

def temp_test(request):
    import datetime
    s="hello"
    l=[111,222,333]    # 列表
    dic={"name":"yuan","age":18}  # 字典
    date = datetime.date(1993, 5, 2)   # 日期对象

    class Person(object):
        def __init__(self,name):
            self.name=name

    person_yuan=Person("yuan")  # 自定义类对象
    person_egon=Person("egon")
    person_alex=Person("alex")

    person_list=[person_yuan,person_egon,person_alex]


    return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"l":l,"dic":dic,"date":date,"person_list":person_list})

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h4>{{s}}</h4>
        <h4>列表:{{ l.0 }}</h4>
        <h4>列表:{{ l.2 }}</h4>
        <h4>字典:{{ dic.name }}</h4>
        <h4>日期:{{ date.year }}</h4>
        <h4>类对象列表:{{ person_list.0.name }}</h4>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

回到顶部

二模板语法之过滤器

过滤器最多只有两个参数

语法：

{{obj|filter__name:param}}

如果一个变量是false或者为空，使用给定的默认值。否则，使用变量的值。例如：

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

def temp_test(request):
        name = ""
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)

        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name,
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a1":a1,
                                                "a2":a2,
                                                "a3":a3
                                                                })

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name|default:"nobody"}}</h3>
        <p>{{list1}}</p>
        <p>{{list1.1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.Age}}</p>
        <p>{{a1}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name.upper}}</p>
        <p>{{a2.test}}</p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

2.1 length

返回值的长度。它对字符串和列表都起作用。例如：

{{ value|length }}

如果 value 是 ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']，那么输出是 4。

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

def temp_test(request):
        name = "darren"
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)

        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name,
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a1":a1,
                                                "a2":a2,
                                                "a3":a3
                                                                })

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name|default:"nobody"}}</h3>
        <h3>{{name|length}}</h3>
        <p>{{list1}}</p>
        <p>{{list1.1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.Age}}</p>
        <p>{{a1}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name.upper}}</p>
        <p>{{a2.test}}</p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

2.2 filesizeformat

将值格式化为一个 “人类可读的” 文件尺寸（例如 '13 KB', '4.1 MB', '102 bytes', 等等）。例如：

{{ value|filesizeformat }}

如果 value 是 123456789，输出将会是 117.7 MB。

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name|default:"nobody"}}</h3>
        <h3>{{num|filesizeformat}}</h3>
        <p>{{list1}}</p>
        <p>{{list1.1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.Age}}</p>
        <p>{{a1}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name.upper}}</p>
        <p>{{a2.test}}</p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

#模板相关
def temp_test(request):
        name = "darren"
        num = 12344656787778
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)

        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name,
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a1":a1,
                                                "a2":a2,
                                                "num":num
                                                                })

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

2.3 date

如果 value=datetime.datetime.now()

{{ value|date:"Y-m-d" }}

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name|default:"nobody"}}</h3>
        <h3>{{num|filesizeformat}}</h3>
　　　　  <p>{{now_time|date:"Y-m-d"}}</p>
        <p>{{list1}}</p>
        <p>{{list1.1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.Age}}</p>
        <p>{{a1}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name.upper}}</p>
        <p>{{a2.test}}</p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

#模板相关
import datetime
def temp_test(request):
        name = "darren"
        num = 12344656787778
　　　　 now_time=datetime.datetime.now()
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)

        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name,
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a1":a1,
                                                "a2":a2,
                                                "num":num，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　"now_time":now_time
                                                                })

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

2.4 truncatechars

如果字符串字符多于指定的字符数量，那么会被截断。截断的字符串将以可翻译的省略号序列（“...”）结尾。

参数：要截断的字符数，例如：

{{ value|truncatechars:10 }}

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name|default:"nobody"}}</h3>
        <h3>{{num|filesizeformat}}</h3>
　　　　 <p>{{now_time|date:"Y-m-d"}}</p>
　　　　 <p>{{str1|truncatechars:10}}</p>
　　　　 <p>{{list1}}</p>
        <p>{{list1.1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.Age}}</p>
        <p>{{a1}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name.upper}}</p>
        <p>{{a2.test}}</p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

#模板相关
import datetime
def temp_test(request):
        name = "darren"
        num = 12344656787778
　　　　 now_time=datetime.datetime.now()
　　　　 str1="There’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow"
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)

        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name,
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a1":a1,
                                                "a2":a2,
                                                "num":num，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　"now_time":now_time,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　"str1":str1
                                                                })

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

2.5 safe

Django的模板中会对HTML标签和JS等语法标签进行自动转义，原因显而易见，这样是为了安全。但是有的时候我们可能不希望这些HTML元素被转义，比如我们做一个内容管理系统，后台添加的文章中是经过修饰的，这些修饰可能是通过一个类似于FCKeditor编辑加注了HTML修饰符的文本，如果自动转义的话显示的就是保护HTML标签的源文件。为了在Django中关闭HTML的自动转义有两种方式，如果是一个单独的变量我们可以通过过滤器“|safe”的方式告诉Django这段代码是安全的不必转义。比如：

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

#模板相关
import datetime
def temp_test(request):
        now_time=datetime.datetime.now()
        name = "darren"
        num = 12344656787778
        str1="There’s a special providence in the fall of a sparrow"
        str_a="<a href="www.baidu.com">点击</a>"
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)

        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{"name":name,
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a1":a1,
                                                "a2":a2,
                                                "num":num,
                                                "now_time":now_time,
                                                "str1":str1,
                                                "str_a":str_a
                                                                })

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>{{name|default:"nobody"}}</h3>
        <h3>{{num|filesizeformat}}</h3>
        <p>{{now_time|date:"Y-m-d"}}</p>
        <p>{{str1|truncatechars:10}}</p>
        <p>{{str_a}}</p>
        <p>{{str_a|safe}}</p>
        <p>{{list1}}</p>
        <p>{{list1.1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{dict1.Age}}</p>
        <p>{{a1}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name}}</p>
        <p>{{a1.name.upper}}</p>
        <p>{{a2.test}}</p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

回到顶部

三模板之标签　

标签看起来像是这样的： {% tag %}。标签比变量更加复杂：一些在输出中创建文本，一些通过循环或逻辑来控制流程，一些加载其后的变量将使用到的额外信息到模版中。一些标签需要开始和结束标签（例如{% tag %} ...标签内容 ... {% endtag %}）。

3.1 for标签

遍历每一个元素：

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/views.py

#模板相关
import datetime
def temp_test(request):
        list1 = ["john","dachun","joy"]
        dict1 = {"name":"joy","Age":18}
        class A:
                def __init__(self,name,age):
                        self.name = name
                        self.age = age
                def test(self):
                        return "333666"
        a1 = A("john",18)
        a2 = A("dachun",20)
        a3 = A("joy",22)
        a_list = [a1,a2,a3]
        return render(request,"temp_test.html",{
                                                "list1":list1,
                                                "dict1":dict1,
                                                "a_list":a_list
                                                                })

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <table border="1">
                <tr>
                        <th>姓名</th>
                        <th>年龄</th>
                </tr>
                {% for a in a_list%}
                        <tr>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                {%endfor%}
        </table>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

注：循环序号可以通过｛｛forloop｝｝显示

forloop.counter            The current iteration of the loop (1-indexed)
forloop.counter0           The current iteration of the loop (0-indexed)
forloop.revcounter         The number of iterations from the end of the loop (1-indexed)
forloop.revcounter0        The number of iterations from the end of the loop (0-indexed)
forloop.first              True if this is the first time through the loop
forloop.last               True if this is the last time through the loop

示例

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <table border="1">
                <tr>
                        <th>序号</th>
                        <th>姓名</th>
                        <th>年龄</th>
                </tr>
                {% for a in a_list%}
                        <tr>
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                {%endfor%}
        </table>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <table border="1">
                <tr>
                        <th>序号</th>
                        <th>姓名</th>
                        <th>年龄</th>
                </tr>
                {% for a in a_list%}
                        <tr>
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                {%endfor%}
        </table>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

3.2 for ... empty

for 标签带有一个可选的{% empty %} 从句，以便在给出的组是空的或者没有被找到时，可以有所操作。

{% for person in person_list %}
    <p>{{ person.name }}</p>

{% empty %}
    <p>sorry,no person here</p>
{% endfor %}

3.3 if 标签

{% if %}会对一个变量求值，如果它的值是“True”（存在、不为空、且不是boolean类型的false值），对应的内容块会输出。

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .green{
            background: green
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
        <table border="1">
                <tr>
                        <th>序号</th>
                        <th>姓名</th>
                        <th>年龄</th>
                </tr>
                {% for a in a_list%}
                        {% if forloop.last %}
                        <tr class="green">
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                        {% else %}
                        <tr>
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        {% endif %}
                {%endfor%}
        </table>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .green{
            background: green
        }
        .red{
            background: red
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
        <table border="1">
                <tr>
                        <th>序号</th>
                        <th>姓名</th>
                        <th>年龄</th>
                </tr>
                {% for a in a_list%}
                        {% if forloop.last %}
                        <tr class="green">
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                        {% elif forloop.first %}
                        <tr class="red">
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                        {%else%}
                        <tr>
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                        {% endif %}
                {%endfor%}
        </table>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

3.4 with

使用一个简单地名字缓存一个复杂的变量，当你需要使用一个“昂贵的”方法（比如访问数据库）很多次的时候是非常有用的

例如：

{% with total=business.employees.count %}
    {{ total }} employee{{ total|pluralize }}
{% endwith %}

3.5 csrf_token

这个标签用于跨站请求伪造保护，这里再前面的setting.py已经注释掉了

打开

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

[root@node10 mysite]# vi templates/login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</script>
</head>
<body>
        <h3>用户登录</h3>
        <form action="" method="post">
                {%csrf_token%}
                <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="user"></p>
                <p>密   码:<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
                <input type="submit">
        </form>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

请求后，会多一个input标签，着个标签是一个随机字符串，用于校验，当login页面娜输入用户名和密码后，会带着返回的随机字符串，进行数据校验，确保值login页面发送的破石头请求

回到顶部

四自定义标签和过滤器

1、在settings中的INSTALLED_APPS配置当前app，不然django无法找到自定义的simple_tag.这个已经完场

2、在app中创建templatetags模块(模块名只能是templatetags)

[root@node10 mysite]# mkdir app01/templatetags

3、创建任意 .py 文件，如：my_tags.py

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app01/templatetags/my_tags.py

from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
register = template.Library()   #register的名字是固定的,不可改变

@register.filter
def my_filter(v1,v2):
        return  v1 * v2

@register.simple_tag
def my_tag(v1,v2,v3):
    return  v1 * v2 * v3

@register.simple_tag
def my_input(pk,arg):
    result = "<input type='text' id='%s' class='%s' />" %(pk,arg,)
    return mark_safe(result)

4 html中导入my_tag文件，并引用

[root@node10 mysite]# vi templates/temp_test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .green{
            background: green
        }
        .red{
            background: red
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
{% load my_tags %}　
        <table border="1">
                <tr>
                        <th>序号</th>
                        <th>姓名</th>
                        <th>年龄</th>
                </tr>
                {% for a in a_list%}
                        {% if forloop.last %}
                        <tr class="green">
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                        {% elif forloop.first %}
                        <tr class="red">
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                        {%else%}
                        <tr>
                                <td>{{forloop.counter}}--{{forloop.first}}++{{forloop.last}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.name}}</td>
                                <td>{{a.age}}</td>
                        </tr>
                        {% endif %}
                {%endfor%}
        </table>
<hr>
<p>{{num|my_filter:2}}</p>
<hr>
<p>{% my_tag num 5 2 %}</p>
<hr>
<p>{% my_input 12 'green' %}</p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app01/temp_test/

注意：filter可以用在if等语句后，simple_tag不可以

{% if num|filter_multi:30 > 100 %}
    {{ num|filter_multi:30 }}
{% endif %}

回到顶部

五模板继承 (extend)

Django模版引擎中最强大也是最复杂的部分就是模版继承了。模版继承可以让您创建一个基本的“骨架”模版，它包含您站点中的全部元素，并且可以定义能够被子模版覆盖的 blocks 。

通过从下面这个例子开始，可以容易的理解模版继承：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>{% block title %}My amazing site{%/span> endblock %}</title>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="sidebar">
        {% block sidebar %}
        <ul>
            <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
            <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
        </ul>
        {% endblock %}
    </div>

    <div id="content">
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

这个模版，我们把它叫作 base.html，它定义了一个可以用于两列排版页面的简单HTML骨架。“子模版”的工作是用它们的内容填充空的blocks。

在这个例子中， block 标签定义了三个可以被子模版内容填充的block。 block 告诉模版引擎：子模版可能会覆盖掉模版中的这些位置。

子模版可能看起来是这样的：

{% extends "base.html" %}
 
{% block title %}My amazing blog{% endblock %}
 
{% block content %}
{% for entry in blog_entries %}
    <h2>{{ entry.title }}</h2>
    <p>{{ entry.body }}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

extends 标签是这里的关键。它告诉模版引擎，这个模版“继承”了另一个模版。当模版系统处理这个模版时，首先，它将定位父模版——在此例中，就是“base.html”。

那时，模版引擎将注意到 base.html 中的三个 block 标签，并用子模版中的内容来替换这些block。根据 blog_entries 的值，输出可能看起来是这样的：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>My amazing blog</title>
</head>
 
<body>
    <div id="sidebar">
        <ul>
            <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
            <li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
 
    <div id="content">
        <h2>Entry one</h2>
        <p>This is my first entry.</p>
 
        <h2>Entry two</h2>
        <p>This is my second entry.</p>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

请注意，子模版并没有定义 sidebar block，所以系统使用了父模版中的值。父模版的 {% block %} 标签中的内容总是被用作备选内容（fallback）。

这种方式使代码得到最大程度的复用，并且使得添加内容到共享的内容区域更加简单，例如，部分范围内的导航。

这里是使用继承的一些提示：

如果你在模版中使用 {% extends %} 标签，它必须是模版中的第一个标签。其他的任何情况下，模版继承都将无法工作。
在base模版中设置越多的 {% block %} 标签越好。请记住，子模版不必定义全部父模版中的blocks，所以，你可以在大多数blocks中填充合理的默认内容，然后，只定义你需要的那一个。多一点钩子总比少一点好。
如果你发现你自己在大量的模版中复制内容，那可能意味着你应该把内容移动到父模版中的一个 {% block %} 中。
If you need to get the content of the block from the parent template, the {{ block.super }} variable will do the trick. This is useful if you want to add to the contents of a parent block instead of completely overriding it. Data inserted using {{ block.super }} will not be automatically escaped (see the next section), since it was already escaped, if necessary, in the parent template.
为了更好的可读性，你也可以给你的 {% endblock %} 标签一个名字。例如：

{% block content %}
...
{% endblock content %}

在大型模版中，这个方法帮你清楚的看到哪一个　 {% block %} 标签被关闭了。
不能在一个模版中定义多个相同名字的 block 标签

图书后台管理案例

https://v3.bootcss.com/examples/dashboard/使用这个作为模板修改

在app02创建这个项目

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app02/urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path
from app02 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path("test02/",views.test02, name="test1"),
    path("book_list",views.book_list),

]

写视图函数

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app02/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse


# Create your views here.

def test02(request):
        return HttpResponse("this is app02's test function")
def book_list(request):
        return render(request,"book_list.html")

创建一个静态文件路径

[root@node10 mysite]# mkdir -p statics/css statics/js statics/plugins statics/images

[root@node10 mysite]# ll statics/

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr  2 10:53 css
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr  2 10:53 images
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr  2 10:53 js
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Apr  2 10:53 plugins

配置setting.py。引入这个路径

[root@node10 mysite]# vim mysite/settings.py

STATIC_URL = '/static/'   #这里是url别名
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"statics")
]

把这个文件复制到index.css里

[root@node10 mysite]# vim statics/css/index.css

index.css

在html引入这个css

root@node10 mysite]# vi templates/book_list.html

book_list.html

这里面引入两个css文件

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/index.css">       #这里是static，是因为在setting.py里面的别名设置的是static

修改一下html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/index.css">
</head>
<body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">图书管理系统</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">Dashboard</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Help</a></li>
          </ul>
          <form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search...">
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li class="active"><a href="#">Overview <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Reports</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Analytics</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Export</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">More navigation</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
          <h2 class="sub-header">图书列表</h2>
          <div class="table-responsive">
            <table class="table table-striped">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>#</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,001</td>
                  <td>Lorem</td>
                  <td>ipsum</td>
                  <td>dolor</td>
                  <td>sit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,002</td>
                  <td>amet</td>
                  <td>consectetur</td>
                  <td>adipiscing</td>
                  <td>elit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>Integer</td>
                  <td>nec</td>
                  <td>odio</td>
                  <td>Praesent</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>libero</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>cursus</td>
                  <td>ante</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,004</td>
                  <td>dapibus</td>
                  <td>diam</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>nisi</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app02/book_list

添加一个图书出版页面

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app02/urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path
from app02 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path("test02/",views.test02, name="test1"),
    path("book_list/",views.book_list),
    path("publish_list/",views.publish_list),
]

[root@node10 mysite]# vim app02/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse
# Create your views here.
def test02(request):
        return HttpResponse("this is app02's test function")
def book_list(request):
        return render(request,"book_list.html")
def publish_list(request):
        return render(request,"publish_list.html")

html文件

[root@node10 mysite]# vi templates/publish_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/index.css">
</head>
<body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">图书管理系统</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">Dashboard</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Help</a></li>
          </ul>
          <form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search...">
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li class="active"><a href="/app02/book_list/">图书管理<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="/app02/publish_list/">出版社管理</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Analytics</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Export</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
          <h2 class="sub-header">出版社列表</h2>
          <div class="table-responsive">
            <table class="table table-striped">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>#</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,001</td>
                  <td>Lorem</td>
                  <td>ipsum</td>
                  <td>dolor</td>
                  <td>sit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,002</td>
                  <td>amet</td>
                  <td>consectetur</td>
                  <td>adipiscing</td>
                  <td>elit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>Integer</td>
                  <td>nec</td>
                  <td>odio</td>
                  <td>Praesent</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>libero</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>cursus</td>
                  <td>ante</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,004</td>
                  <td>dapibus</td>
                  <td>diam</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>nisi</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

提取公共部分

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/base.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/index.css">
</head>
<body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">图书管理系统</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">Dashboard</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Help</a></li>
          </ul>
          <form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search...">
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
          {% block nv%}
          {% endblock nv%}
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
        {% block content %}
        {% endblock content %}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

修改book_list.html

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/book_list.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block nv%}
    <li class="active"><a href="/app02/book_list/">图书管理<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
    <li><a href="/app02/publish_list/">出版社管理</a></li>
    <li><a href="/app02/author_list">作者管理</a></li>
{% endblock nv%}

{% block content %}
          <h2 class="sub-header">图书列表</h2>
          <div class="table-responsive">
            <table class="table table-striped">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>#</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,001</td>
                  <td>Lorem</td>
                  <td>ipsum</td>
                  <td>dolor</td>
                  <td>sit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,002</td>
                  <td>amet</td>
                  <td>consectetur</td>
                  <td>adipiscing</td>
                  <td>elit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>Integer</td>
                  <td>nec</td>
                  <td>odio</td>
                  <td>Praesent</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>libero</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>cursus</td>
                  <td>ante</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,004</td>
                  <td>dapibus</td>
                  <td>diam</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>nisi</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>
{% endblock content %}

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/publish_list.html

publish_list.html

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/author_list.html

author_list.html

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app02/book_list/，点击出版社管理

改进base.html

增加css和js两个位置，方便自己的html使用自己的css样式或者js

[root@node10 mysite]# vim templates/base.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/index.css">
    {% block css %}
    {% endblock css %}
</head>
<body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">图书管理系统</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">Dashboard</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Help</a></li>
          </ul>
          <form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search...">
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
          {% block nv%}
          {% endblock nv%}
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
        {% block content %}
                <a href="#"><button class="btn btn-success">新增书籍</button></a>      #这里并不会显示，需要使用{{bloack.supper}}
        {% endblock content %}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    {% block js %}
    {% endblock js %}
</body>
</html>

修改book_list.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block nv%}
    <li class="active"><a href="/app02/book_list/">图书管理<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
    <li><a href="/app02/publish_list/">出版社管理</a></li>
    <li><a href="/app02/author_list">作者管理</a></li>
{% endblock nv%}

{% block content %}
          <h2 class="sub-header">图书列表</h2>
          {{block.super}}
          <div class="table-responsive">
            <table class="table table-striped">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>#</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                  <th>Header</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,001</td>
                  <td>Lorem</td>
                  <td>ipsum</td>
                  <td>dolor</td>
                  <td>sit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,002</td>
                  <td>amet</td>
                  <td>consectetur</td>
                  <td>adipiscing</td>
                  <td>elit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>Integer</td>
                  <td>nec</td>
                  <td>odio</td>
                  <td>Praesent</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,003</td>
                  <td>libero</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>cursus</td>
                  <td>ante</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1,004</td>
                  <td>dapibus</td>
                  <td>diam</td>
                  <td>Sed</td>
                  <td>nisi</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>
{% endblock content %}

访问http://192.168.132.140:8888/app02/book_list/

待续

学习记录，小白一枚

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wangsirde0428/p/14322869.html

053.Python前端Django框架模板层

模板层

一 模板语法之变量

二 模板语法之过滤器

2.1 length

2.2 filesizeformat

2.3 date

2.4 truncatechars

2.5 safe

三 模板之标签

3.1 for标签

3.2 for ... empty

3.3 if 标签

3.4 with

3.5 csrf_token

四 自定义标签和过滤器

五 模板继承 (extend)

一模板语法之变量

二模板语法之过滤器

三模板之标签　

四自定义标签和过滤器

五模板继承 (extend)