spring mvc从@ResponseBody取到json发现中文乱码

　　问题背景：如题。

　　问题定位：代码跟踪，从源头入手，一步一步跟进，直到设置中文编码的地方。

　　问题代码：

/**
     * 获取单个测试桩接口内容
     *
     * @author wulinfeng
     * @param method
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getMethod/{method}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public @ResponseBody String getMethodContent(@PathVariable("method") String method)
    {
        return testPillingService.getMethodContent(method);
    }

　　怎么切入？是个问题。既然是从源头跟起，那么还是拿DispatcherServlet来开刀吧。所有Controller请求都不可避免的要到这个请求集散地来，而这里最主要的就是doDispatch方法了：

/**
     * Process the actual dispatching to the handler.
     * <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order.
     * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters
     * to find the first that supports the handler class.
     * <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers
     * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.
     * @param request current HTTP request
     * @param response current HTTP response
     * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
     */
    protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
        HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
        boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

        WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

        try {
            ModelAndView mv = null;
            Exception dispatchException = null;

            try {
                processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
                multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

                // Determine handler for the current request.
                mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
                if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
                    noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
                    return;
                }

                // Determine handler adapter for the current request.
                HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

                // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
                String method = request.getMethod();
                boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
                if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
                    long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
                    }
                    if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
                        return;
                    }
                }

                if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
                    return;
                }

                // Actually invoke the handler.
                mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

                if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                    return;
                }

                applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
                mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                dispatchException = ex;
            }
            processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
        }
        catch (Throwable err) {
            triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
        }
        finally {
            if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
                if (mappedHandler != null) {
                    mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
                }
            }
            else {
                // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
                if (multipartRequestParsed) {
                    cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
                }
            }
        }
    }

　　看961行，得到了请求参数、请求url映射的处理器、处理的适配器后，进入真正的请求处理流程。先到AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter类，再到子类RequestMappingHandlerAdapter里　　

protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {

        ModelAndView mav;
        checkRequest(request);

        // Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.
        if (this.synchronizeOnSession) {
            HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
            if (session != null) {
                Object mutex = WebUtils.getSessionMutex(session);
                synchronized (mutex) {
                    mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
                }
            }
            else {
                // No HttpSession available -> no mutex necessary
                mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
            }
        }
        else {
            // No synchronization on session demanded at all...
            mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
        }

        if (!response.containsHeader(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {
            if (getSessionAttributesHandler(handlerMethod).hasSessionAttributes()) {
                applyCacheSeconds(response, this.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);
            }
            else {
                prepareResponse(response);
            }
        }

        return mav;
    }

protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {

        ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);

        WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
        ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);

        ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
        invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
        invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
        invocableMethod.setDataBinderFactory(binderFactory);
        invocableMethod.setParameterNameDiscoverer(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);

        ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer();
        mavContainer.addAllAttributes(RequestContextUtils.getInputFlashMap(request));
        modelFactory.initModel(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);
        mavContainer.setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect(this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);

        AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest = WebAsyncUtils.createAsyncWebRequest(request, response);
        asyncWebRequest.setTimeout(this.asyncRequestTimeout);

        WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
        asyncManager.setTaskExecutor(this.taskExecutor);
        asyncManager.setAsyncWebRequest(asyncWebRequest);
        asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptors(this.callableInterceptors);
        asyncManager.registerDeferredResultInterceptors(this.deferredResultInterceptors);

        if (asyncManager.hasConcurrentResult()) {
            Object result = asyncManager.getConcurrentResult();
            mavContainer = (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.getConcurrentResultContext()[0];
            asyncManager.clearConcurrentResult();
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Found concurrent result value [" + result + "]");
            }
            invocableMethod = invocableMethod.wrapConcurrentResult(result);
        }

        invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
        if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
            return null;
        }

        return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
    }

 　　进入RequestMappingHandlerAdapter类832行，我们终于到了把处理响应的地方了，接着看ServletInvocableHandlerMethod类107行

public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest,
            ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

        Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
        setResponseStatus(webRequest);

        if (returnValue == null) {
            if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || hasResponseStatus() || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
                mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
                return;
            }
        }
        else if (StringUtils.hasText(this.responseReason)) {
            mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
            return;
        }

        mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
        try {
            this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
                    returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace(getReturnValueHandlingErrorMessage("Error handling return value", returnValue), ex);
            }
            throw ex;
        }
    }

 　　InvocableHandlerMethod类主要是通过反射来调用Controller方法的

/**
     * Invoke the method after resolving its argument values in the context of the given request.
     * <p>Argument values are commonly resolved through {@link HandlerMethodArgumentResolver}s.
     * The {@code providedArgs} parameter however may supply argument values to be used directly,
     * i.e. without argument resolution. Examples of provided argument values include a
     * {@link WebDataBinder}, a {@link SessionStatus}, or a thrown exception instance.
     * Provided argument values are checked before argument resolvers.
     * @param request the current request
     * @param mavContainer the ModelAndViewContainer for this request
     * @param providedArgs "given" arguments matched by type, not resolved
     * @return the raw value returned by the invoked method
     * @exception Exception raised if no suitable argument resolver can be found,
     * or if the method raised an exception
     */
    public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
            Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

        Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Invoking [");
            sb.append(getBeanType().getSimpleName()).append(".");
            sb.append(getMethod().getName()).append("] method with arguments ");
            sb.append(Arrays.asList(args));
            logger.trace(sb.toString());
        }
        Object returnValue = doInvoke(args);
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Method [" + getMethod().getName() + "] returned [" + returnValue + "]");
        }
        return returnValue;
    }

/**
     * Invoke the handler method with the given argument values.
     */
    protected Object doInvoke(Object... args) throws Exception {
        ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(getBridgedMethod());
        try {
            return getBridgedMethod().invoke(getBean(), args);
        }
        catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            assertTargetBean(getBridgedMethod(), getBean(), args);
            String message = (ex.getMessage() != null ? ex.getMessage() : "Illegal argument");
            throw new IllegalStateException(getInvocationErrorMessage(message, args), ex);
        }
        catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
            // Unwrap for HandlerExceptionResolvers ...
            Throwable targetException = ex.getTargetException();
            if (targetException instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) targetException;
            }
            else if (targetException instanceof Error) {
                throw (Error) targetException;
            }
            else if (targetException instanceof Exception) {
                throw (Exception) targetException;
            }
            else {
                String msg = getInvocationErrorMessage("Failed to invoke controller method", args);
                throw new IllegalStateException(msg, targetException);
            }
        }
    }

 　　取到值后，关键是ServletInvocableHandlerMethod的handleReturnValue方法，子类RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor复写了该方法

public void handleReturnValue(Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
            ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
            throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

        mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);

        // Try even with null return value. ResponseBodyAdvice could get involved.
        writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, webRequest);
    }

/**
     * Writes the given return value to the given web request. Delegates to
     * {@link #writeWithMessageConverters(Object, MethodParameter, ServletServerHttpRequest, ServletServerHttpResponse)}
     */
    protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T value, MethodParameter returnType, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
            throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

        ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest);
        ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest);
        writeWithMessageConverters(value, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
    }

　　引发血案的馒头就在这个方法里了

/**
     * Writes the given return type to the given output message.
     * @param value the value to write to the output message
     * @param returnType the type of the value
     * @param inputMessage the input messages. Used to inspect the {@code Accept} header.
     * @param outputMessage the output message to write to
     * @throws IOException thrown in case of I/O errors
     * @throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException thrown when the conditions indicated by {@code Accept} header on
     * the request cannot be met by the message converters
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T value, MethodParameter returnType,
            ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
            throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

        Class<?> valueType = getReturnValueType(value, returnType);
        Type declaredType = getGenericType(returnType);
        HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
        List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
        List<MediaType> producibleMediaTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, declaredType);

        if (value != null && producibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No converter found for return value of type: " + valueType);
        }

        Set<MediaType> compatibleMediaTypes = new LinkedHashSet<MediaType>();
        for (MediaType requestedType : requestedMediaTypes) {
            for (MediaType producibleType : producibleMediaTypes) {
                if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) {
                    compatibleMediaTypes.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType));
                }
            }
        }
        if (compatibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
            if (value != null) {
                throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleMediaTypes);
            }
            return;
        }

        List<MediaType> mediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(compatibleMediaTypes);
        MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypes);

        MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
        for (MediaType mediaType : mediaTypes) {
            if (mediaType.isConcrete()) {
                selectedMediaType = mediaType;
                break;
            }
            else if (mediaType.equals(MediaType.ALL) || mediaType.equals(MEDIA_TYPE_APPLICATION)) {
                selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (selectedMediaType != null) {
            selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
            for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
                if (messageConverter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter) {
                    if (((GenericHttpMessageConverter<T>) messageConverter).canWrite(
                            declaredType, valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
                        value = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(value, returnType, selectedMediaType,
                                (Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) messageConverter.getClass(),
                                inputMessage, outputMessage);
                        if (value != null) {
                            addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
                            ((GenericHttpMessageConverter<T>) messageConverter).write(
                                    value, declaredType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
                            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                logger.debug("Written [" + value + "] as "" + selectedMediaType +
                                        "" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
                            }
                        }
                        return;
                    }
                }
                else if (messageConverter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
                    value = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(value, returnType, selectedMediaType,
                            (Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) messageConverter.getClass(),
                            inputMessage, outputMessage);
                    if (value != null) {
                        addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
                        ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) messageConverter).write(value, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            logger.debug("Written [" + value + "] as "" + selectedMediaType +
                                    "" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
                        }
                    }
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

        if (value != null) {
            throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
        }
    }

 　　关键变量是selectedMediaType，由它决定了Content-Type究竟是啥，中文会不会有乱码。它又是怎么来的呢，接着看代码。看本文的顶端，我们定义的Controller方法返回的String，所以valueType、declaredType都是String，然后看响应的Content-Type都有哪些

/**
     * Returns the media types that can be produced:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The producible media types specified in the request mappings, or
     * <li>Media types of configured converters that can write the specific return value, or
     * <li>{@link MediaType#ALL}
     * </ul>
     * @since 4.2
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    protected List<MediaType> getProducibleMediaTypes(HttpServletRequest request, Class<?> valueClass, Type declaredType) {
        Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = (Set<MediaType>) request.getAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mediaTypes)) {
            return new ArrayList<MediaType>(mediaTypes);
        }
        else if (!this.allSupportedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
            List<MediaType> result = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
            for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
                if (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter && declaredType != null) {
                    if (((GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter).canWrite(declaredType, valueClass, null)) {
                        result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
                    }
                }
                else if (converter.canWrite(valueClass, null)) {
                    result.addAll(converter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        else {
            return Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
        }
    }

　　从canWrite方法过滤出StringHttpMessageConverter是支持的转换类，而它的Content-Type就是text/plain;charset=ISO-8859-1，而且它就放在producibleMediaTypes列表的第一个，后面直接就取ISO-8859-1作为字符编码了，中文乱码就来了。

　　定位到这里，要解决中文乱码也就简单了，我们看上面方法开始标红的代码，其实先是从produces注解开始拿字符编码的，取不到才去转换器里一个个取，所以我们只要在Controller上加个注解produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8"就解决了。