既然知道了协议了，那么就可以开始去瞧瞧linux kenerl中的spi的驱动代码了，代码中有很多的结构体，还是对主要的结构体先做个了解吧，那样才可以很好的理解驱动。主要是include/linux/spi.h
首先是SPI的主机和从机通信接口，也就是SPI总线，
extern struct bus_type spi_bus_type;
bus_type定义在linux/device.h中
struct bus_type {
const char *name; //总线的名字
struct bus_attribute *bus_attrs;
struct device_attribute *dev_attrs;
struct driver_attribute *drv_attrs;
//总线上的device和driver的匹配，匹配成功返回非0值
int (*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
//当新的device或driver加到总线上的时候，调用driver中的probe函数经行匹配
int (*probe)(struct device *dev);
int (*remove)(struct device *dev);
void (*shutdown)(struct device *dev);
int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
struct subsys_private *p;
};
SPI设备
struct spi_device {
struct device dev;
struct spi_master *master; //SPI控制器
u32 max_speed_hz; //最大时钟频率
u8 chip_select; //片选
u8 mode; //SPI模式
#define SPI_CPHA 0x01 /* clock phase */
#define SPI_CPOL 0x02 /* clock polarity */
#define SPI_MODE_0 (0|0) /* (original MicroWire) */
#define SPI_MODE_1 (0|SPI_CPHA)
#define SPI_MODE_2 (SPI_CPOL|0)
#define SPI_MODE_3 (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA)
#define SPI_CS_HIGH 0x04 /* chipselect active high? */
#define SPI_LSB_FIRST 0x08 /* per-word bits-on-wire */
#define SPI_3WIRE 0x10 /* SI/SO signals shared */
#define SPI_LOOP 0x20 /* loopback mode */
#define SPI_NO_CS 0x40 /* 1 dev/bus, no chipselect */
#define SPI_READY 0x80 /* slave pulls low to pause */
u8 bits_per_word; //一次传输的bits，可以是8、16、32，默认是8
int irq;
void *controller_state;
void *controller_data;
char modalias[SPI_NAME_SIZE]; //别名，用于device和driver的匹配
};
SPI驱动
struct spi_driver {
const struct spi_device_id *id_table;
int (*probe)(struct spi_device *spi); //绑定驱动和SPI设备
int (*remove)(struct spi_device *spi);
void (*shutdown)(struct spi_device *spi);
int (*suspend)(struct spi_device *spi, pm_message_t mesg);
int (*resume)(struct spi_device *spi);
struct device_driver driver;
};
SPI主控制器
struct spi_master {
struct device dev; //驱动的设备接口
struct list_head list; //SPI控制器的链表头
s16 bus_num; //总线号
/* chipselects will be integral to many controllers; some others
* might use board-specific GPIOs.
*/
u16 num_chipselect; //SPI设备的片选号
u16 dma_alignment; //dma模式
/* spi_device.mode flags understood by this controller driver */
u16 mode_bits;
/* other constraints relevant to this driver */
u16 flags;
#define SPI_MASTER_HALF_DUPLEX BIT(0) /* can't do full duplex */
#define SPI_MASTER_NO_RX BIT(1) /* can't do buffer read */
#define SPI_MASTER_NO_TX BIT(2) /* can't do buffer write */
/* lock and mutex for SPI bus locking */
spinlock_t bus_lock_spinlock;
struct mutex bus_lock_mutex;
bool bus_lock_flag;
int (*setup)(struct spi_device *spi); //更新SPI设备的模式和SPI设备的采样时钟
int (*transfer)(struct spi_device *spi, //添加一个消息到控制器的传输队列
struct spi_message *mesg);
void (*cleanup)(struct spi_device *spi);
};
SPI传输
struct spi_transfer {
/* it's ok if tx_buf == rx_buf (right?)
* for MicroWire, one buffer must be null
* buffers must work with dma_*map_single() calls, unless
* spi_message.is_dma_mapped reports a pre-existing mapping
*/
const void *tx_buf; //要写的数据
void *rx_buf; //要读的数据
unsigned len; //数据长度
dma_addr_t tx_dma; //tx_buf的DMA地址
dma_addr_t rx_dma; //rx_buf的DMA地址
unsigned cs_change:1;
u8 bits_per_word; //传输的bytes数，不选就用默认的
u16 delay_usecs; //微秒延时，用以传输数据后，改变片选信号前
u32 speed_hz; //传输速率，不选就用默认的
struct list_head transfer_list; //传输链表，用以传输spi_message
};
SPI消息
struct spi_message {
struct list_head transfers; //
struct spi_device *spi; //加到传输队列中的spi设备
unsigned is_dma_mapped:1; //DMA传输控制位
/* completion is reported through a callback */
void (*complete)(void *context); //传输完成
void *context; //complete函数的参数
unsigned actual_length; //所有成功传输字段的总长度
int status; //传输成功返回0，否则返回错误
/* for optional use by whatever driver currently owns the
* spi_message ... between calls to spi_async and then later
* complete(), that's the spi_master controller driver.
*/
struct list_head queue;
void *state;
};
SPI bitbang
struct spi_bitbang {
struct workqueue_struct *workqueue;
struct work_struct work;
spinlock_t lock;
struct list_head queue;
u8 busy;
u8 use_dma;
u8 flags; /* extra spi->mode support */
struct spi_master *master;
/* setup_transfer() changes clock and/or wordsize to match settings
* for this transfer; zeroes restore defaults from spi_device.
*/
int (*setup_transfer)(struct spi_device *spi,
struct spi_transfer *t);
void (*chipselect)(struct spi_device *spi, int is_on);
#define BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE 1 /* normally nCS, active low */
#define BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE 0
/* txrx_bufs() may handle dma mapping for transfers that don't
* already have one (transfer.{tx,rx}_dma is zero), or use PIO
*/
int (*txrx_bufs)(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t);
/* txrx_word[SPI_MODE_*]() just looks like a shift register */
u32 (*txrx_word[4])(struct spi_device *spi,
unsigned nsecs,
u32 word, u8 bits);
};
在SPI控制器里面最常用的用来处理传输的结构体spi_bitbang了。
SPI borad info
struct spi_board_info {
/* the device name and module name are coupled, like platform_bus;
* "modalias" is normally the driver name.
*
* platform_data goes to spi_device.dev.platform_data,
* controller_data goes to spi_device.controller_data,
* irq is copied too
*/
char modalias[SPI_NAME_SIZE];
const void *platform_data;
void *controller_data;
int irq;
/* slower signaling on noisy or low voltage boards */
u32 max_speed_hz;
/* bus_num is board specific and matches the bus_num of some
* spi_master that will probably be registered later.
*
* chip_select reflects how this chip is wired to that master;
* it's less than num_chipselect.
*/
u16 bus_num;
u16 chip_select;
/* mode becomes spi_device.mode, and is essential for chips
* where the default of SPI_CS_HIGH = 0 is wrong.
*/
u8 mode;
/* ... may need additional spi_device chip config data here.
* avoid stuff protocol drivers can set; but include stuff
* needed to behave without being bound to a driver:
* - quirks like clock rate mattering when not selected
*/
};
控制器里会读取borad info里的参数
SPI gpio_platform_data
struct spi_gpio_platform_data {
unsigned sck;
unsigned mosi;
unsigned miso;
u16 num_chipselect;
};
因为我用的比较多的是GPIO模拟的，所以还是记录下这个从platform传进来的管脚号。
OK，对于SPI用到的结构体基本上已经介绍完了，那么接下来就介绍其主要函数了。