Django路由层

本文目录：

一、路由的基本使用

二、路由的无名分组

三、路由的有名分组

四、有名和无名不能混着用

五、在setting中配置（以后的项目，一般不用动）

六、路由分发

七、反向解析

八、名称空间

九、django2.0的path，re_path（了解）

十、自定义转换器

 

一、路由的基本使用

　　# url是个函数，有四个参数，第一个参数要传正则表达式，第二个传函数内存地址，第三个传默认参数，第四个传路由别名

　　

"""day78_urls URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
　　# 写路由的地方
    url(r'^test/$', views.test),
    url(r'^test2/$', views.test2,name='test2'),
]

 

二、路由的无名分组

　　url(r'^test2/(d+)/(w+)$', views.test2),

　　无名分组分出几个值，视图函数就要接受几个值（位置参数形式传过来的）

 

三、路由的有名分组

　　url(r'^test3/(?P<id>d+)/(?P<name>w+)$', views.test3),

　　有名分组分出几个值，视图函数就要接受几个值（按关键字传入，位置可以打乱）

Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
# from app01 import urls as app01_urls
# from app02 import urls
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url是个函数,有四个参数,第一个参数要传正则表达式,第二参数传函数内存地址,第三个参数传默认参数,第四个是路由的别名
    # url(r'^test/$', views.test),
    # test3(request,1,lqz)
    # url(r'^test2/(d+)/(w+)$', views.test2),

    # test3(request,id=1,name=lqz)
    # url(r'^test3/(?P<id>d+)/(?P<name>w+)$', views.test3),
    # url(r'^test4/(?P<id>d+)/(?P<name>w+)$', views.test4),
    # url(r'^test4/(d+)/(w+)$', views.test4),

    # 路由分发
    # app01/test
    # 这种方式不建议用
    # url(r'^app01/', include(urls)),
    url(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls',namespace='app01')),
    url(r'^app02/', include('app02.urls',namespace='app02')),

    # url(r'^userrrrrrrrrrrr/(?P<id>d+)/$', views.userinfo,name='userinfo'),
    # 当用户访问info这个地址的时候,就给我重定向到id为1的那个人的详情
    url(r'^index/', views.index),
    url(r'^info/', views.info),
    # url(r'^userinfotttaaa/', views.userinfo,name='userinfo'),
    # url(r'^userinfottt/(d+)', views.userinfo,name='userinfo'),
    url(r'^userinfottt/(?P<id>d+)', views.userinfo,name='userinfo'),
    url(r'^namespace_test/(d+)$', views.namespace_test),




]

 

四、有名和无名不能混着用

 

五、在setting中配置（以后的项目，一般不用动）

　　# 默认是true，浏览器浏览到时候，默认-加上斜杠

　　# 如果是False，浏览器默认不会加/

　　# APPEND_SLASH=False

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '92(mcd-jcux+2t99ki_sj7m#xz8fu&xut92k57415ap9*uu-yo'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config',
    'app02.apps.App02Config',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'day78_urls.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'day78_urls.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# 默认是true,浏览器浏览的时候,默认加上斜杠
# 如果是False,浏览器默认不会加/
# APPEND_SLASH=False

　

六、路由分发

　　1.导入include

from django.conf.urls import include

　　2.在主路由中

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    # 路由分发
    # app01/test
    # 这种方式不建议用
    # url(r'^app01/', include(urls)),
    url(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls',namespace='app01')),
    url(r'^app02/', include('app02.urls',namespace='app02')),

]

　　3.在不同APP中新建一个urls

from app01 import views
            urlpatterns = [
                url(r'^test/', views.test),
            ]

 

七、反向解析

　　反向解析有什么作用？

　　　　在视图函数中重定向的地址原来是写死的，如果url地址变更，我需要所有的url都修改，很麻烦，所以通过反向解析获取url地址。

　　如何使用：

　　　　路由层：

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
# from app01 import urls as app01_urls
# from app02 import urls
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^userinfotttaaa/', views.userinfo,name='userinfo'),
    url(r'^userinfottt/(d+)', views.userinfo,name='userinfo'),

]

　　视图层

from django.shortcuts import reverse

def info(reuqest):
    # url=reverse('userinfo',args=(1,))
    # return redirect(url)
    # url=reverse('userinfo',args=(1,))
    url=reverse('userinfo',kwargs={'id':1})
    print(url)
    # return redirect('/userinfo/1')
    return redirect(url)
def userinfo(request):

    return HttpResponse('%s的详情')
# def userinfo(request, id):
#
#     return HttpResponse('%s的详情'%id)


# url=reverse('url地址的别名')
#如果做了分组
# url=reverse('url地址的别名',args=[],kwargs={})

　　模板层

{% url 'url地址的别名'%}
    #如果做了分组
{% url 'url地址的别名' 参数1 参数2%}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>


<a href="/userinfo/">点我</a>
<a href="{% url 'app01:test2' %}">点我</a>
<a href="{% url 'app02:test2'%}">点我</a>
</body>
</html>

 

八、名称空间

　　-路由分发时，可以指定名称空间呢：

　　　　

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
# from app01 import urls as app01_urls
# from app02 import urls

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    -url(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls',namespace='app01')),
    -url(r'^app02/', include('app02.urls',namespace='app02')),

]

　　-在试图中方向解析；

def namespace_test(request,id):
    print(type(id))
    url=reverse('app01:test2')
    url2=reverse('app02:test2')
    print(url)
    print(url2)
    return HttpResponse('namespace')

　　-在模板中方向解析：

{% url 'app01:url地址的别名'%}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>


<a href="/userinfo/">点我</a>
<a href="{% url 'app01:test2' %}">点我</a>
<a href="{% url 'app02:test2'%}">点我</a>
</body>
</html>

 

九、django2.0的path，re_path（了解）

　　1.0后的url就是2.0后的re_path

　　2.0后的path 第一个参数不在是正则表达式

　　5个转换器：int，str，slug，path，uuid

 

十、自定义转换器

　　1.写一个类：

　　　　

class MyCon:
    regex = '[0-9]{4}'
    def to_python(self, value):
    　　return int(value)
    def to_url(self, value):
       return '%04d' % value    

　　2.在urls中：

-from django.urls import register_converter
-register_converter(类名,'别名')
            
-path('test/<别名:year>', views.test,name='year'),