SSH2框架搭建

SSH框架，当今最为流行的项目开发框架，那么掌握他的第一步自然是学习如何配置环境，java Web开发的无论哪种框架都离不开各种xml配置，虽然说配置在网上到处都有，但是要成为高手，必须要明白配置中每一部分的意义，分析它的规律，因此走好这第一步至关重要。

SSH分为SSH1和SSH2，区别主要在于Struts的版本，即Struts1和Struts2，Struts1与Struts2在配置上有所差别，但每一步配置的意义区别不大。对于Struts1框架的搭建我已经在之前的文章介绍过了：http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6897757

这回主要为大家介绍的是基于Struts2的SSH2框架搭建。

我们在搭建框架之前，首先一定要注意各个框架的版本，不同的版本集成方式和所需的jar包是有区别的。

SSH2框架的版本为：struts-2.2.3 + spring-2.5.6 + hibernate-3.6.8

1.  所需jar包

struts2：

struts2-core-2.2.3.jar

struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar

xwork-core-2.2.3.jar

commons-io-2.0.1.jar

commons-lang-2.5.jar

commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar

freemarker-2.3.16.jar

ognl-3.0.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar（hibernate同样需要）

spring：

spring.jar

commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

common-annotations.jar

aspectjrt.jar

aspectjweaver.jar

cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar

（如果用BasicDataSource来配置数据库连接，还要加入以下2个包）

commons-dbcp.jar

commons-pool.jar

hibernate：

hibernate3.jar

hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar

antlr-2.7.6.jar

commons-collections-3.1.jar

dom4j-1.6.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar

jta-1.1.jar

slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar（这个jar包要去slf4j官网下载slf4j-1.6.4集成包）

jdbc：

ojdbc14.jar（oracle）

2. web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">  
  <display-name>testSSH</display-name>  
  <welcome-file-list>  
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
  </welcome-file-list>  
    
  
  <!-- 配置资源 -->  
  <context-param>  
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
    <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>  
  </context-param>  
  
  <!-- 配置自定义filter，并由spring管理 -->  
  <!--   
  <filter>  
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>  
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>  
    <init-param>  
      <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>  
      <param-value>true</param-value>  
    </init-param>  
    <init-param>  
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
    </init-param>  
  </filter>  
    
  
  <filter-mapping>  
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>  
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  </filter-mapping>  
   -->  
    
  
  <!-- 配置CharacterEncoding，设置字符集 -->  
  <filter>  
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
    <init-param>  
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
    </init-param>  
    <init-param>  
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>  
      <param-value>true</param-value>  
    </init-param>  
  </filter>  
  
  <filter-mapping>  
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  </filter-mapping>  
  
  <!-- 将HibernateSession开关控制配置在Filter，保证一个请求一个session，并对lazy提供支持 -->  
  <filter>  
    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>  
    <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>  
    <init-param>  
      <param-name>singleSession</param-name>  
      <param-value>true</param-value>  
    </init-param>  
  </filter>  
  
  <filter-mapping>  
    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>  
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>  
  </filter-mapping>  
  
    
  <!-- 配置struts2 -->  
  <filter>  
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>  
    <init-param>  
        <param-name>config</param-name>  
        <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/config/struts.xml</param-value>  
    </init-param>  
  </filter>  
  
  <filter-mapping>  
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  </filter-mapping>  
    
  
  <!-- 配置spring -->  
  <listener>  
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
  </listener>  
    
  
  <!-- 页面session配置 -->  
  <session-config>  
    <session-timeout>20</session-timeout>  
  </session-config>  
    
  
  <!-- 错误页面 -->  
  <error-page>  
    <error-code>404</error-code>  
    <location>/error404.html</location>  
  </error-page>  
</web-app>  

 注意：

① 配置自定义filter即DelegatingFilterProxy时，参数targetFilterLifecycle设为true是将filter放入web容器中成为真正意义上的filter。否则只是个代理filter，不具有filter的生命周期，因此无法执行filter的init、destroy方法。因为统一交由spring管理，所以在spring资源配置文件（如applicationContext.xml）中必须相应的并且名称为myFilter的bean。

② OpenSessionInViewFilter要将参数singleSession设置为true，否则意义不大。

③ 配置struts2建议采用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter。struts.xml默认放在src根目录下，若想放置到其他地方还要将struts-default.xml和struts-plugin.xml一同配置下，否则在于其他框架结合时（如spring）就会报错。配置struts2的filter标签要放到所有filter标签的最下面，否则会有问题。

3. struts.xml配置

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC  
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"  
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">  
<struts>  
    <!-- 将Action的创建交给spring来管理 -->  
    <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />  
  
    <!-- 更改struts2请求Action的后缀名，默认为action。若想去掉后缀，设为","即可 -->  
    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>  
  
    <package name="struts" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">  
        <!-- 配置拦截器 -->  
        <interceptors>  
            <interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="myInterceptor"></interceptor>  
            <interceptor-stack name="myDefult">  
                <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>  
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>  
            </interceptor-stack>  
        </interceptors>  
  
        <action name="myLogin" class="loginAction">  
            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>  
            <result name="error" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>  
        </action>  
  
        <action name="testSession" class="sessionAction">  
            <interceptor-ref name="myDefult"></interceptor-ref>  
            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>  
            <result name="error" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>  
        </action>  
    </package>  
</struts>  

注意：

① 执行完自定义拦截器后，还要执行struts2默认的拦截器defaultStack，否则可能会出错。

② action标签的class属性，与spring结合后要写成spring中bean的名称name。

4. applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">  
    <!-- 启用spring注解支持 -->  
    <context:annotation-config/>  
      
    <!-- 第一种方法配置sessionFactory -->  
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>  
    </bean>  
      
    <!-- 第二种方法配置sessionFactory  
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">  
        <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>  
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:wang"/>  
        <property name="username" value="wang"/>  
        <property name="password" value="wang"/>  
    </bean>  
      
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>  
          
        <property name="hibernateProperties">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>  
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>  
            </props>  
        </property>  
          
        <property name="mappingLocations">  
            <list>  
                <value>classpath:test/entity/User.hbm.xml</value>  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
     -->  
      
    <!-- 第一种方法配置事务 -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>  
    </bean>  
      
    <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">  
        <tx:attributes>  
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>  
            <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="MyException"/>  
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>  
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>  
        </tx:attributes>  
    </tx:advice>   
      
    <aop:config>  
        <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods" expression="execution(* test.dao.*.*(..))"/>  
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/>  
    </aop:config>  
      
    <!-- 第二种方法配置事务  
    <bean id="transactionProxy" class= "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">  
    必须为true时CGLIB才不用强制编写DAO接口  
        <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" />  
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -Exception</prop>  
                <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +MyException</prop>  
                <prop key="update">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>  
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
  
    <bean id="userService" parent="transactionProxy">  
        <property name="target" ref="iUserService"></property>  
    </bean>  
      
    <bean id="iUserService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>  
     -->  
      
    <bean id="userService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>  
      
    <bean id="userDao" class="test.dao.UserDaoImpl">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  
      
    <!-- spring管理的自定义filter -->  
    <bean id="myFilter" class="test.service.MyFilter"></bean>  
      
    <!-- spring管理struts2的Action -->  
    <bean id="loginAction" class="test.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype"></bean>  
    <bean id="sessionAction" class="test.action.SessionAction" scope="prototype"></bean>  
    <bean id="myInterceptor" class="test.service.MyInterceptor" scope="prototype"></bean>  
</beans>  

注意：

① 配置事务时，如果事务是与含有sessionFactory的DAO层关联的话，要将<aop:config>标签的proxy-target-class属性设为true（第二种方法是proxyTargetClass属性），否则就会报错

② 采用Resource或Autowired注解时，bean中无需配置property属性标签。

③ 采用第二种方法配置sessionFactory时，还需要另外引入两个包（详见上述“所需jar”部分）。

5. filter与拦截器

● MyFilter.java

package test.service;  
  
import java.io.IOException;  
  
import javax.servlet.Filter;  
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  
import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;  
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;  
  
public class MyFilter implements Filter {  
  
    private String encoding;  
  
    @Override  
    public void destroy() {  
  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {  
        request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);  
        response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);  
        chain.doFilter(request, response);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {  
        System.out.println("========" + config.getInitParameter("encoding") + "========");  
        encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding");  
    }  
}  

 ● MyInterceptor.java

package test.service;  
  
import java.util.Map;  
  
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;  
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;  
  
@SuppressWarnings("serial")  
public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor{  
  
    @Override  
    public void destroy() {  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void init() {  
          
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {  
        Map sessionMap = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();  
        String username = (String)sessionMap.get("username");  
          
        if (username != null) {  
            return invocation.invoke();  
        }  
        return "error";  
    }  
  
}  

filter与拦截器（interceptor）的区别：

二者不论从结构还是功能都非常相似，但是二者是有区别的,：

① filter是基于servlet容器的，而interceptor仅限于struts2，因此filter的作用域要远大于interceptor。

② filter中doFilter方法是基于回调函数，而interceptor中intercept方法则是基于java反射。

③ filter的功能要远大于interceptor，filter除了过滤请求外通过通配符可以保护页面，图片，文件，还可以进行加密、安全过滤、权限管理等等，而Interceptor基本只能过滤请求。

④ filter拦截请求的粒度较粗，interceptor拦截请求的粒度较细。

6. action层

● LoginAction.java

package test.action;  
  
import javax.annotation.Resource;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
  
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;  
  
import test.entity.User;  
import test.service.IUserService;  
  
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;  
  
@SuppressWarnings("serial")  
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {  
      
    @Resource  
    private IUserService userService;  
      
    private String username;  
  
    private String password;  
  
    public String getUsername() {  
        return username;  
    }  
  
    public void setUsername(String username) {  
        this.username = username;  
    }  
  
    public String getPassword() {  
        return password;  
    }  
  
    public void setPassword(String password) {  
        this.password = password;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String execute() throws Exception {  
        User user = new User();  
        user.setUsername(username);  
        user.setPassword(password);  
        try {  
            userService.addUser(user);  
            HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();  
            request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);  
            return "success";  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return "error";  
    }  
}  

7. service层

● UserServiceImpl.java

package test.service;  
  
import java.util.List;  
  
import javax.annotation.Resource;  
  
import test.dao.IUserDao;  
import test.entity.User;  
  
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{  
      
    @Resource  
    private IUserDao userDao;  
  
    @Override  
    public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {  
        userDao.addUser(user);  
        if (!"admin".equals(user.getUsername()) || !"admin".equals(user.getPassword())) {  
            throw new Exception();  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean updateUser(User user) {  
        return false;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean delUser(String username) {  
        return false;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public List<User> findAllUser() {  
        return null;  
    }  
}  

接口因为很简单，就不展示了，这里我将filter和拦截器也放到了service层，仅是个示例而已，filter或interceptor最好单独放在一层。

8. dao层

● UserDaoImpl.java

package test.dao;  
  
import java.util.Date;  
  
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;  
  
import test.entity.User;  
  
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDao{  
  
    @Override  
    public void addUser(User user){  
        user.setName("wang");  
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());  
        user.setModifyTime(new Date());  
        this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);  
    }  
}  

 9. entity层

package test.entity;  
  
import java.util.Date;  
  
public class User {  
  
    private String username;  
      
    private String password;  
      
    private String name;  
      
    private String email;  
      
    private String tell;  
      
    private Date createTime;  
      
    private Date modifyTime;  
  
    public String getUsername() {  
        return username;  
    }  
  
    public void setUsername(String username) {  
        this.username = username;  
    }  
  
    public String getPassword() {  
        return password;  
    }  
  
    public void setPassword(String password) {  
        this.password = password;  
    }  
  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    public String getEmail() {  
        return email;  
    }  
  
    public void setEmail(String email) {  
        this.email = email;  
    }  
  
    public String getTell() {  
        return tell;  
    }  
  
    public void setTell(String tell) {  
        this.tell = tell;  
    }  
  
    public Date getCreateTime() {  
        return createTime;  
    }  
  
    public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {  
        this.createTime = createTime;  
    }  
  
    public Date getModifyTime() {  
        return modifyTime;  
    }  
  
    public void setModifyTime(Date modifyTime) {  
        this.modifyTime = modifyTime;  
    }  
}  

 这里其实提到用到了很多的知识点，需要学习和深入的地方很多，希望通过本篇的引领的为大家打开一扇窗户。

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6983024