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  • Zuul网关

    Zuul路由网关简介及基本使用

    简介

    请看下图,这里的API 路由网关服务 由Zuul实现,主要就是对外提供服务接口的时候,起到了请求的路由和过滤作用,也因此能够隐藏内部服务的接口细节,从来有利于保护系统的安全性;

    路由配置

    Zuul 路由配置

    我们新建一个module  microservice-zuul-3001

    这里我们的zuul也注册到eureka服务里,端口3001;

    我们修改下Hosts,专门为zuul搞个本地域名映射 

    pom依赖

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     3          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     5     <parent>
     6         <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
     7         <artifactId>qimicroservice</artifactId>
     8         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     9     </parent>
    10     <artifactId>microservice-zuul-3001</artifactId>
    11 
    12     <properties>
    13         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    14     </properties>
    15 
    16     <dependencies>
    17         <dependency>
    18             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    19             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    20         </dependency>
    21         <dependency>
    22             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    23             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    24             <scope>test</scope>
    25         </dependency>
    26         <dependency>
    27             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    28             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    29         </dependency>
    30 
    31         <!-- actuator监控 -->
    32         <dependency>
    33             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    34             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    35         </dependency>
    36         <!-- hystrix容错 -->
    37         <dependency>
    38             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    39             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
    40         </dependency>
    41         <dependency>
    42             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    43             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    44         </dependency>
    45         <!--zuul网关-->
    46         <dependency>
    47             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    48             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
    49         </dependency>
    50 
    51         <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
    52         <dependency>
    53             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    54             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    55         </dependency>
    56         <dependency>
    57             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    58             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
    59         </dependency>
    60         <dependency>
    61             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    62             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    63         </dependency>
    64 
    65         <!--引入Feign依赖-->
    66         <dependency>
    67             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    68             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
    69         </dependency>
    70     </dependencies>
    71 
    72     <build>
    73         <plugins>
    74             <plugin>
    75                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    76                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    77             </plugin>
    78         </plugins>
    79     </build>
    80 </project>

     application.yml 

     1 server:
     2   port: 3001
     3   context-path: /
     4 spring:
     5   application:
     6     name: microservice-zuul
     7 eureka:
     8   instance:
     9     instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001
    10     prefer-ip-address: true
    11   client:
    12     service-url:
    13       defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaqi.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaqi.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaqi.com:2003/eureka/
    14 info:
    15   groupId: com.javaxl.testSpringcloud
    16   artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001
    17   version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
    18   userName: http://javaqi.com
    19   phone: 123456
    20 feign:
    21   hystrix:
    22     enabled: true
    23 
    24 hystrix:
    25   command:
    26     default:
    27       execution:
    28         timeout:
    29           enabled: true
    30         isolation:
    31           thread:
    32             timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000
    33 ribbon:
    34   ReadTimeout: 6000
    35   ConnectTimeout: 6000
    36   MaxAutoRetries: 0
    37   MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
    38   eureka:
    39     enabled: true

    主启动类:ZuulApplication_3001

    加下@EnableZuulProxy注解

     1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
     6 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
     7 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
     8 
     9 @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
    10 @EnableZuulProxy
    11 public class MicroserviceZuul3001Application {
    12 
    13     public static void main(String[] args) {
    14         SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceZuul3001Application.class, args);
    15     }
    16 
    17 }

    我们测试下:

    启动三个eureka 然后再启动下一个1006服务,以及 zuul网关服务;

    我们直接请求:http://localhost:1006/student/list 能获取到数据;

    我们用 http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list  域名+端口+服务名称+请求地址 也能请求到数据;

    Zuul路由映射配置

    上面是zuul的简单使用,从接口地址很轻易的就暴露了服务提供者的唯一标识名microservice-student;有安全风险,我们需要将其隐藏;

    ignored-services的作用是将原来的服务提供者唯一标识名禁用;

    Prefix的作用是给服务加前缀

    yml文件中添加以下配置

    1 zuul:
    2   routes:
    3     studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
    4     studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
    5   ignored-services: "*"
    6   prefix: /javaqi

    配置完毕后可通过以下链接做测试

    http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list

    http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/studentServer/student/list

    http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/microservice-student/student/list

    http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/studentServer/student/list

    对应的配置会出现上面的错误页面,这是正常现象。

    关于zuul使用后的容错处理

     

    方案一(不推荐):
    内部服务Hystrix与feign的整合失效,不能走快速回退的方法,雪崩现象再现

    zuul的application.yml中配置

     1 server:
     2   port: 3001
     3   context-path: /
     4 spring:
     5   application:
     6     name: microservice-zuul
     7 eureka:
     8   instance:
     9     instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001
    10     prefer-ip-address: true
    11   client:
    12     service-url:
    13       defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaqi.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaqi.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaqi.com:2003/eureka/
    14 info:
    15   groupId: com.javaqi.testSpringcloud
    16   artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001
    17   version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
    18   userName: http://javaqi.com
    19   phone: 123456
    20 
    21 zuul:
    22   routes:
    23     studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
    24     studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
    25   ignored-services: "*"
    26   prefix: /javaqi
    27   host:
    28     socket-timeout-millis: 60000
    29     connect-timeout-millis: 60000
    30 
    31 feign:
    32   hystrix:
    33     enabled: true
    34 
    35 hystrix:
    36   command:
    37     default:
    38       execution:
    39         timeout:
    40           enabled: true
    41         isolation:
    42           thread:
    43             timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000
    44 ribbon:
    45   ReadTimeout: 6000
    46   ConnectTimeout: 6000
    47   MaxAutoRetries: 0
    48   MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
    49   eureka:
    50     enabled: true
    51     

    以及pom

     1 <dependencies>
     2     <dependency>
     3         <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
     4         <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
     5     </dependency>
     6     <dependency>
     7         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     8         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
     9     </dependency>
    10     <dependency>
    11         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    12         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    13         <scope>test</scope>
    14     </dependency>
    15     <dependency>
    16         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    17         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    18     </dependency>
    19 
    20     <!-- actuator监控 -->
    21     <dependency>
    22         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    23         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    24     </dependency>
    25     <!-- hystrix容错 -->
    26     <dependency>
    27         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    28         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
    29     </dependency>
    30     <dependency>
    31         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    32         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    33     </dependency>
    34     <!--zuul网关-->
    35     <dependency>
    36         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    37         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
    38     </dependency>
    39 
    40     <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
    41     <dependency>
    42         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    43         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    44     </dependency>
    45     <dependency>
    46         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    47         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
    48     </dependency>
    49     <dependency>
    50         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    51         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    52     </dependency>
    53 
    54     <!--引入Feign依赖-->
    55     <dependency>
    56         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    57         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
    58     </dependency>
    59 </dependencies>

    方案二(推荐):
    Zuul作为服务网关为了保证自己不被服务拖垮,本身已经集成了Hystrix对路由转发进行隔离。 为了方便开发人员对服务短路进行自定义处理,

     1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.fallback;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;
     4 import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
     5 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
     6 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
     7 import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
     8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     9 
    10 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
    11 import java.io.IOException;
    12 import java.io.InputStream;
    13 
    14 @Component
    15 public class ZuulFallBack implements ZuulFallbackProvider {
    16 
    17     @Override
    18     public String getRoute() {
    19         return "*";
    20     }
    21 
    22     /**
    23      * 在给zuul整合回退功能时,只要类实现ZuulFallbackProvider接口,并且注册bean即可。
    24      *
    25      * 不过需要注意的时,这个回退只有服务掉线或者超时的情况下才会触发(Camden.SR4版本测试是这样),
    26      * 如果服务程序出现异常,此回退程序是不能处理的,异常会直接返回给调用者,比如页面。
    27      *
    28      * @return
    29      */
    30     @Override
    31     public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
    32         return new ClientHttpResponse() {
    33             @Override
    34             public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
    35                 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
    36                 headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);//application/json;charset=UTF-8
    37                 return headers;
    38             }
    39 
    40             @Override
    41             public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
    42                 String msg = "服务繁忙,请稍后.....";
    43                 //new ByteArrayInputStream("{"code":-1,"msg":"服务暂不可用"}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
    44                 return new ByteArrayInputStream(msg.getBytes());
    45             }
    46 
    47             @Override
    48             public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
    49                 return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.getReasonPhrase();//400
    50             }
    51 
    52             @Override
    53             public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
    54                 return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST;
    55             }
    56 
    57             @Override
    58             public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
    59                 return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value();//"Bad Request"
    60             }
    61 
    62             @Override
    63             public void close() {
    64 
    65             }
    66         };
    67     }
    68 }

    Zuul请求过滤配置

    比如我们登录某个系统 需要身份验证,用户名密码啥的;

    我们请求服务,也可以来设置身份验证,也就是过滤非法请求;Zuul通过ZuulFilter过滤器实现;

    一般具体实现的话 每次经过Zuul服务网关 我们都对带来的token进行有效性验证;

    AccessFilter类:

     1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.filter;
     2 
     3 import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
     4 import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
     5 import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
     6 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
     7 
     8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     9 
    10 public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    11 
    12     Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(AccessFilter.class);
    13 
    14     /**
    15      * 判断该过滤器是否要被执行
    16      */
    17     @Override
    18     public boolean shouldFilter() {
    19         return true;
    20     }
    21 
    22     /**
    23      * 过滤器的具体执行逻辑
    24      */
    25     @Override
    26     public Object run() throws ZuulException {
    27         RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
    28         HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
    29         String parameter = request.getParameter("accessToken");
    30         logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求访问");
    31         if(parameter==null){
    32             logger.error("accessToken为空!");
    33             ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
    34             ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
    35             ctx.setResponseBody("{"result":"accessToken is empty!"}");
    36             return null;
    37         }
    38         //  token判断逻辑
    39         logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求成功");
    40         return null;
    41     }
    42 
    43     /**
    44      * 过滤器的类型 这里用pre,代表会再请求被路由之前执行
    45      */
    46     @Override
    47     public String filterType() {
    48         return "pre";
    49     }
    50 
    51     /**
    52      * 过滤器的执行顺序
    53      */
    54     @Override
    55     public int filterOrder() {
    56         return 0;
    57     }
    58 
    59 }

    然后再开启下 Filter配置:

     1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.config;
     2 
     3 import com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter;
     4 import com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter;
     5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
     6 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
     7 
     8 @Configuration
     9 public class ZuulConfig {
    10 
    11     @Bean
    12     public AccessFilter accessFilter(){
    13         return new AccessFilter();
    14     }
    15 }

    浏览器输入地址进行测试

    http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/studentServer/student/list

    http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/studentServer/student/list?accessToken=1

    测试结果如下

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xcn123/p/12032645.html
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