Spring和Spring MVC框架进行单元测试

如何对Spring及Spring MVC框架进行单元测试?

JUnit中提供了支持

主要分为三种那个方式：

1.直接对spring中注入的bean进行测试(以DAO为例)

这个可以用来测试除Controller之外的单元

package service; 
import static org.Junit.Assert.assertEquals; 
 
import org.Junit.Test; 
import org.Junit.runner.RunWith; 
import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.Springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; 
import org.Springframework.test.context.Junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 
import org.Springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; 
 
import domain.Account; 
 
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@ContextConfiguration("/config/Spring-db1.xml") 
@Transactional 
public class AccountServiceTest1 { 
    @Autowired 
    private AccountService service; 
    
    @Test 
    public void testGetAcccountById() { 
Account acct = Account.getAccount(1, "user01", 18, "M"); 
        service.insertIfNotExist(acct); 
        Account acct2 = service.getAccountById(1); 
        assertEquals(acct,acct2); 
    } 
}

推荐阅读博文

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-springunitest/

---

2.对springMVC进行测试，使用Mock。

Mock有2种常用的方式：1. 使用Spring MVC自带的Mock；2.使用Mockito。

http://www.cnblogs.com/jiaoyiping/p/4251759.html 中使用了SpringMVC自带的Mock org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc 类，对SpringMVC进行测试。

该文中还介绍了另外一种基于 org.jboss.resteasy.core.Dispatcher类的测试方式。

该方法模拟发出HTTP请求，对Spring MVC进行测试。

package com.scb.jason.filetrans.controller;

import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.FileTransferService;
import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.HandleExceptionService;
import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.JobSchedulerService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: 1481706
 * Date: 5/16/17
 * Time: 7:36 AM
 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml","file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml"})
public class StaticControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext context;

    @Autowired
    private StaticController staticController;

    @Before
    public void before(){
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(staticController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testFileTransfer(){
        System.out.println();
        try {
            ResultActions actions = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/TestTransfer"));
            System.out.println(status());
            System.out.println(content().toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        }
    }

}

现在大多数推荐的方式是Mockito，在下一节中，我们会详细讨论Mockito。

package com.scb.jason.filetrans.controller;

import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.FileTransferService;
import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.HandleExceptionService;
import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.JobSchedulerService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: 1481706
 * Date: 5/16/17
 * Time: 7:36 AM
 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml","file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml"})
public class StaticControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private FileTransferService fileTransferService;

    @Mock
    private JobSchedulerService jobSchedulerService;

    @Mock
    private HandleExceptionService handleExceptionService;

    @InjectMocks
    StaticController staticController;

    @Before
    public void setup(){
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(staticController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testTestException() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(get("/TestException"));
    }
}

---

 这里还要着重讲一下，一个优秀的Mock工具Mockito。

http://blog.csdn.net/guijiaoba/article/details/51945873

http://blog.csdn.net/u010834071/article/details/47665791

推荐阅读，该博文详细介绍了Mockito的使用方法。

Mock的意思就是模拟出一个类对象，使其拥有类对象的全部接口。

我们可以通过when来规定mock对象调用时的值。

可以实现测试的解耦。比如说A依赖于B,C，那么我们就Mock B和C对象，将其注入到A。

并用When来模拟B和C对象的行为。这样就实现了在测试当中的解耦操作。

---

Mock中也存在部分Mock，即根据需求去选择调用Mock或者真实对象。

http://www.cnblogs.com/softidea/p/4204389.html介绍了如何实现部分Mock。

分为两种，一种是callRealMethod，一种是用Spy。

callRealMethod

//you can create partial mock with spy() method:
List list = spy(new LinkedList());
//you can enable partial mock capabilities selectively on mocks:
Foo mock = mock(Foo.class);
//Be sure the real implementation is 'safe'.
//If real implementation throws exceptions or depends on specific state of the object then you're in trouble.
when(mock.someMethod()).thenCallRealMethod();

spy方式

public class Test{
@Spy
Foo spyOnFoo = new Foo();
@Before
public void init(){
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
}
...
}

---

这篇博文讲的不错，有兴趣的可以阅读一下。

http://qiuguo0205.iteye.com/blog/1443344

http://blog.csdn.net/u010834071/article/details/47665791

http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html

http://zhaozhiming.github.io/blog/2014/06/16/spring-mvc-unit-test-part-1/

http://blog.csdn.net/qbg19881206/article/details/17077021

http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html