内容回顾
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restful规范
- URL中一般用名词：
http://www.luffycity.com/article/ (面向资源编程，网络上东西都视为资源)
- 根据请求不同做不同操作：GET/POST/PUT/DELTE/PATCH
- 筛选条件，在URL参数中进行传递：
http://www.luffycity.com/article/?page=1&category=1
一般传输的数据格式都是JSON -
drf组件
... -
潜规则：类的约束
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drf的配置
setting.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
...
} -
分页
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page
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offset
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今日概要
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作业：呼啦圈
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筛选
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版本管理（源码实现）
-
试图（源码）
今日详细
1.作业：呼啦圈
1.1 表结构设计
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不会经常变化的值放在内存：choices形式，避免跨表性能低。
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分表：如果表中列太多/大量内容可以选择水平分表
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表自关联
from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 用户表 """
username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名',max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码',max_length=64)
class Article(models.Model):
""" 文章表 """
category_choices = (
(1,'咨询'),
(2,'公司动态'),
(3,'分享'),
(4,'答疑'),
(5,'其他'),
)
category = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='分类',choices=category_choices)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题',max_length=32)
image = models.CharField(verbose_name='图片路径',max_length=128) # /media/upload/....
summary = models.CharField(verbose_name='简介',max_length=255)
comment_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='评论数',default=0)
read_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='浏览数',default=0)
author = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='作者',to='UserInfo')
date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间',auto_now_add=True)
class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
article = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name='文章表',to='Article')
content = models.TextField(verbose_name='内容')
class Comment(models.Model):
""" 评论表 """
article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章',to='Article')
content = models.TextField(verbose_name='评论')
user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='评论者',to='UserInfo')
# parent = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='回复',to='self', null=True,blank=True)
1.2 系统结构（CMS）
1.3 功能实现
1.3.1 增加文章（可以不写）
一次增加两个表中的数据：
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
""" 新增文章（应该在后台管理开发）"""
ser = ArticleSerializer(data=request.data)
ser_detail = ArticleDetailSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid() and ser_detail.is_valid():
# 增加文章
article_object = ser.save(author_id=1)
ser_detail.save(article=article_object)
return Response('添加成功')
return Response('错误')
1.3.2 文章列表
1.3.3 文章详细
1.3.4 评论列表
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查看评论列表 访问时：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/hg/comment/?article=2 -
添加评论
http://127.0.0.1:8000/hg/comment/
{
article:1,
content:'xxx'
}http://127.0.0.1:8000/hg/comment/?article=1
{
content:'xxx'
}
2. 筛选
案例：在文章列表时候，添加筛选功能。
全部：http://127.0.0.1:8000/hg/article/
筛选：http://127.0.0.1:8000/hg/article/?category=2
class ArticleView(APIView):
""" 文章视图类 """
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
""" 获取文章列表 """
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if not pk:
condition = {}
category = request.query_params.get('category')
if category:
condition['category'] = category
queryset = models.Article.objects.filter(**condition).order_by('-date')
pager = PageNumberPagination()
result = pager.paginate_queryset(queryset,request,self)
ser = ArticleListSerializer(instance=result,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
article_object = models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
ser = PageArticleSerializer(instance=article_object,many=False)
return Response(ser.data)
drf的组件：内置了筛选的功能
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from . import models
from rest_framework.filters import BaseFilterBackend
class MyFilterBackend(BaseFilterBackend):
def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
val = request.query_params.get('cagetory')
return queryset.filter(category_id=val)
class IndexView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# http://www.xx.com/cx/index/
# models.News.objects.all()
# http://www.xx.com/cx/index/?category=1
# models.News.objects.filter(category=1)
# http://www.xx.com/cx/index/?category=1
# queryset = models.News.objects.all()
# obj = MyFilterBackend()
# result = obj.filter_queryset(request,queryset,self)
# print(result)
return Response('...')
3.视图
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APIView，感觉没提供功能。
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GenericAPIView，桥梁，内部定义：get_queryset/get_serilizer/get_page...
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ListAPIView,CreateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,DestroyAPIView
class TagSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Tag
fields = "__all__"
class TagView(ListAPIView,CreateAPIView):
queryset = models.Tag.objects.all()
serializer_class = TagSer
def get_serializer_class(self):
# self.request
# self.args
# self.kwargs
if self.request.method == 'GET':
return TagSer
elif self.request.method == 'POST':
return OtherTagSer
def perform_create(self,serializer):
serializer.save(author=1)
class TagDetailView(RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,DestroyAPIView):
queryset = models.Tag.objects.all()
serializer_class = TagSer
作业：实现呼啦圈（参考今日答案）
ListAPIView,CreateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView,DestroyAPIView
+
定义钩子方法