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  • 初学python之day2

    一、 python学习之模块

    今天学习了模块的内容,模块就是完成某一功能的一段代码,可以是几个文件的组合,单个文件也可以成为模块。python 有很多功能强大且丰富的标准库和第三方库作支撑,基本可以实现任何功能。

    1. 标准库 :就是不用安装,直接导入的库就叫标准库。是python最常用的功能,比如sys和os模块。

    1-1 sys模块

    import sys

    print(sys.path) #相对路径
    print(sys.argv) #参数

    1-2 os模块


    import os
    cmd_dir = os.system("dir") #将当前目录下的内容显示到屏幕,并不赋值
    print('--->',cmd_dir)   #输出为--->0


    cmd_new = os.popen("dir").read() #将当前目录下的内容显示到屏幕,并赋值

    print(cmd_new)

    2 第三方库:必须安装才能使用的库

    注意:在程序中导入模块要在开头用import;

            在login.py 中引用user.py程序,且这两个程序在同一个目录下,则可在login.py文件中写: import user     #不用写 .py

    二、 python学习之.pyc的作用

         我们在运行程序的时候,会发现会生成一个跟运行文件同名的.pyc字节码文件,这就类似于Java文件在运行是生成的javac一样。如果你这个py文件有改变,python解释器会检查pyc文件中的生成时间,对比py文件的修改时间,如果py更新,那么就生成新的pyc。否则下次运行这个程序直接调用pyc,而不调用py文件。

    三、 python学习之列表的使用

    3-1 元组 是特殊的列表,一旦定义好了,就不能修改值了。

    3-2 读取列表元素

         books = ["Chinese","English","Math"]

     >>>books[0]  

     "Chinese"

    >>>books[-1]  #倒叙

    "Math"

    3-3切片

    books = ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece"]

    >>>books[1:3]  #包括1,不包括3

    ["English","Math"]

    >>>books[1:-1]  #包括1,不包括-1

    ["English","Math","draw"]

    >>>books[0::2]  #等同于books[::2],每隔一个取一个

    ["Chinese","Math","Masterpiece"]

    3-4追加 append()

    >>>books.append("Geography")

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-5 指定位置插入 insert()

    >>>books.insert(1,"insert_date")

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","insert_date","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-6 修改

    >>>books[1]="修改的数据"

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","修改的数据","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-7 删除

    >>>del books[1]  #删除某个元素

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    >>>del books

    ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-8 扩展--在后面增加一个其他列表

    >>>books=["Chinese","English","Math","draw"]

    >>>book.extend(["Masterpiece","Geography"])

    >>>books=["Chinese","English","Math","Draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-9复制

    >>>books_new=books.copy()

    >>>books_new

    ["Chinese","English","Math","Draw","Masterpiece",]

    3-10统计

    >>>books.count("English")

    1

    3-11 排序和反转

    >>>books.sort()  #排序

    ["Chinese","Draw","English","Geography",,"Math"]

    >>>books.reverse()

     ["Geography","Draw","Math","English","Chinese"]

    3-12 获取下标

     >>>books.index("Draw")

    3

    四、python学习之字典

    4-1 特点:是无序的并且唯一的

    4-2 增加

    >>>students={name:"lilei",

                            age:"16"}

    >>>students["sex"]="男"

    >>>students

    {name:"lilei",sex:"男",age:"16"}

    4-3修改

    >>>students["sex"]="man"

    >>>students

    {name:"lilei",sex:"man",age:"16"}

    4-4 删除

    >>>students.pop("sex")  #方法1

    "man"

    >>>students

    {name:"lilei",age:"16"}

    >>>del students["age"] #方法2

    {name:"lilei"}

    4-5查找

    >>>user={name:"lilei",sex:"男",age:"16"}

    >>>user.get("name")

    "lilei"

    >>>"sex" in user

    True

    4-6 多级嵌套

    >>>class_5={class1:{

                           name:"lilei",

               sex:"男",

               age:"16"}

             class2:{

                             name:"lucy",

                 sex:"女",

                 age:"16"}

    }

    >>>class_5["class2"]["name"]

    "lucy"



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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaopython/p/5739760.html
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