zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 初学python之day2

    一、 python学习之模块

    今天学习了模块的内容,模块就是完成某一功能的一段代码,可以是几个文件的组合,单个文件也可以成为模块。python 有很多功能强大且丰富的标准库和第三方库作支撑,基本可以实现任何功能。

    1. 标准库 :就是不用安装,直接导入的库就叫标准库。是python最常用的功能,比如sys和os模块。

    1-1 sys模块

    import sys

    print(sys.path) #相对路径
    print(sys.argv) #参数

    1-2 os模块


    import os
    cmd_dir = os.system("dir") #将当前目录下的内容显示到屏幕,并不赋值
    print('--->',cmd_dir)   #输出为--->0


    cmd_new = os.popen("dir").read() #将当前目录下的内容显示到屏幕,并赋值

    print(cmd_new)

    2 第三方库:必须安装才能使用的库

    注意:在程序中导入模块要在开头用import;

            在login.py 中引用user.py程序,且这两个程序在同一个目录下,则可在login.py文件中写: import user     #不用写 .py

    二、 python学习之.pyc的作用

         我们在运行程序的时候,会发现会生成一个跟运行文件同名的.pyc字节码文件,这就类似于Java文件在运行是生成的javac一样。如果你这个py文件有改变,python解释器会检查pyc文件中的生成时间,对比py文件的修改时间,如果py更新,那么就生成新的pyc。否则下次运行这个程序直接调用pyc,而不调用py文件。

    三、 python学习之列表的使用

    3-1 元组 是特殊的列表,一旦定义好了,就不能修改值了。

    3-2 读取列表元素

         books = ["Chinese","English","Math"]

     >>>books[0]  

     "Chinese"

    >>>books[-1]  #倒叙

    "Math"

    3-3切片

    books = ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece"]

    >>>books[1:3]  #包括1,不包括3

    ["English","Math"]

    >>>books[1:-1]  #包括1,不包括-1

    ["English","Math","draw"]

    >>>books[0::2]  #等同于books[::2],每隔一个取一个

    ["Chinese","Math","Masterpiece"]

    3-4追加 append()

    >>>books.append("Geography")

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-5 指定位置插入 insert()

    >>>books.insert(1,"insert_date")

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","insert_date","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-6 修改

    >>>books[1]="修改的数据"

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","修改的数据","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-7 删除

    >>>del books[1]  #删除某个元素

    >>>books

    ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    >>>del books

    ["Chinese","English","Math","draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-8 扩展--在后面增加一个其他列表

    >>>books=["Chinese","English","Math","draw"]

    >>>book.extend(["Masterpiece","Geography"])

    >>>books=["Chinese","English","Math","Draw","Masterpiece","Geography"]

    3-9复制

    >>>books_new=books.copy()

    >>>books_new

    ["Chinese","English","Math","Draw","Masterpiece",]

    3-10统计

    >>>books.count("English")

    1

    3-11 排序和反转

    >>>books.sort()  #排序

    ["Chinese","Draw","English","Geography",,"Math"]

    >>>books.reverse()

     ["Geography","Draw","Math","English","Chinese"]

    3-12 获取下标

     >>>books.index("Draw")

    3

    四、python学习之字典

    4-1 特点:是无序的并且唯一的

    4-2 增加

    >>>students={name:"lilei",

                            age:"16"}

    >>>students["sex"]="男"

    >>>students

    {name:"lilei",sex:"男",age:"16"}

    4-3修改

    >>>students["sex"]="man"

    >>>students

    {name:"lilei",sex:"man",age:"16"}

    4-4 删除

    >>>students.pop("sex")  #方法1

    "man"

    >>>students

    {name:"lilei",age:"16"}

    >>>del students["age"] #方法2

    {name:"lilei"}

    4-5查找

    >>>user={name:"lilei",sex:"男",age:"16"}

    >>>user.get("name")

    "lilei"

    >>>"sex" in user

    True

    4-6 多级嵌套

    >>>class_5={class1:{

                           name:"lilei",

               sex:"男",

               age:"16"}

             class2:{

                             name:"lucy",

                 sex:"女",

                 age:"16"}

    }

    >>>class_5["class2"]["name"]

    "lucy"



  • 相关阅读:
    百度mp3地址解密码
    VB 在EXE后附加信息
    截屏函数
    Base64和StrToByte
    The Android ION memory allocator, DMABUF is mentioned as well
    DDC EDID 介绍
    Memory management for graphic processors TTM的由来
    科普 写display driver的必看 How video card works [2D的四种主要操作]
    GEM vs TTM
    DMABUF 背景介绍文章 Sharing buffers between devices
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaopython/p/5739760.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看