Xilinx 常用模块汇总(verilog)【03】

作者：桂。

时间：2018-05-10  2018-05-10  21:03:44

链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/xingshansi/p/9021919.html 

---

前言

主要记录常用的基本模块。

• Xilinx 常用模块汇总(verilog)【01】
• Xilinx 常用模块汇总(verilog)【02】

一、模块汇总

• 17- 自相关操作xcorr

实现思路主要参考：工程应用中的自相关操作，根据推导可以看出，自相关操作涉及的基本操作有：复数相乘、递归【自回归，IIR等都需要该操作】。

涉及到具体模块：1）10- 共轭复数相乘模块； 2）11- 复数延拍模块； 3）递归 —> 1- 3个数组合加、减运算（分IQ分别调用）。

路径：印象笔记：0019/015 

MATLAB仿真（实际操作中，N除不除->移位，差别不大）：

clc;clear all;close all;
fs = 960e6;
f0 = 20e6;
t = [0:255]/fs;
sig = [zeros(1,384),exp(1j*(2*pi*t*f0+pi/4)),zeros(1,384)];
sig = awgn(sig,5);
%自相关
N = 64;
k = 1;
R = zeros(1,length(sig));
for i = N+1:length(sig)-k
    R(i) = R(i-k) + 1/N * (sig(i)*conj(sig(i+k)) - sig(i-N)*conj(sig(i-N+k)));
end
figure()
subplot 211
plot(abs(sig)/max(abs(sig)));
subplot 212
plot(abs(R)/max(abs(R)));

　　

verilog【给出完整分析、实现、仿真过程】：

不失一般性，以k=1为例，

理论分析： 

用到的基本模块：1）10- 共轭相乘；2）11- 复数延拍；3）1- 3路加减运算。

硬件实现：

其中延拍，也可调用原语：SRL（移位链 ）+ FDRE的思路：

//Shift:SRL[A3A2A1A0] + 2
parameter width = 16; //data width
genvar ii;

generate
    for(ii = 0; ii < width; ii++)
    begin:delay
        
//            (* HLUTNM = ii *)
        SRL16E #(
            .INIT(16'h0000) // Initial Value of Shift Register
            ) SRL16E_u1 (
            .Q(out_cache[ii]),       // SRL data output
            .A0(1'b0),     // Select[0] input
            .A1(1'b1),     // Select[1] input
            .A2(1'b1),     // Select[2] input
            .A3(1'b0),     // Select[3] input
            .CE(1'b1),     // Clock enable input
            .CLK(clk),   // Clock input
            .D(ddata[ii])        // SRL data input
            );    

FDRE #(
        .INIT(1'b0) // Initial value of register (1'b0 or 1'b1)
        ) FDRE_u1 (
        .Q(out[ii]),      // 1-bit Data output
        .C(clk),      // 1-bit Clock input
        .CE(1'b1),    // 1-bit Clock enable input
        .R(sclr),      // 1-bit Synchronous reset input
        .D(out_cache[ii])       // 1-bit Data input
        ); 
end
endgenerate

 细节可参考scm.pdf /hdl.pdf：

 

功能仿真：

 1）生成仿真数据：

clc;clear all;close all;
fs = 960e6;
f0 = 20e6;
t = [0:255]/fs;
sig = [zeros(1,384),sin(2*pi*t*f0+pi/4),zeros(1,384)];
sig = awgn(sig,10);
L = length(sig);
N = 17;
t0 = [0:L-1]/fs;
y_n = round(sig*(2^(N-2)-1));
%write data
fid = fopen('sig.txt','w');
for k=1:length(y_n)
    B_s=dec2bin(y_n(k)+((y_n(k))<0)*2^N,N);
    for j=1:N
        if B_s(j)=='1'
            tb=1;
        else
            tb=0;
        end
        fprintf(fid,'%d',tb);
    end
    fprintf(fid,'
');
end

fprintf(fid,';');
fclose(fid);

　　2）仿真结果：

MATLAB测试数据：

VIVADO输出结果：

　　 

从仿真结果可以看出，二者完全一致，Xcorr模块有效。【X点自相关，仅需要修改共轭相乘结果的延迟拍数即可，这便实现了参数化。】

代码路径：印象笔记0019/015Xcorr

• 18- 数据速率转化模块

路径：印象笔记-1/0019/017

跨时钟域，对于moni-bit，可用打2拍的思路，即定义两级寄存器，以降低亚稳态概率；对于multi-bits，目前跨时钟域的数据传输，常用的两个基本思路是：1）异步FIFO；2）异步 dual port RAM 。(ug473.pdf)

1）FIFO（first in first out）

 更多细节可参考：印象笔记-3-FPGA/024-FIFO核使用，以及博文：基础003_V7-Memory Resources

要点1：最小深度计算

要点2：数据传输转换关系：输入的数据量理论上需要小于等于输出的数据量。

FIFO多与高速接口配合使用。

2）Dual port RAM

关于IP核的使用，可参考：印象笔记-3/FPGA/025-双端口RAM参数设置，双端口RAM与FIFO最大的区别在于存在读、写地址，如果数据存在偏移，可以很方便地修正偏移量。 

应用举例：现有两路数据存在偏移，希望将二者对齐，以Dual port RAM为例，调用XILINX 的 IP核，细节参考博文：DUAL PORT RAM应用实例 

• 19- 卷积模块(convolution)

路径：1/0019/019

分析：卷积的理论细节及多种实现思路，可参考博文：信号处理——卷积（convolution）的实现

这里只给出一种普适的思路，且仅考虑实数情况：对于复数域C，拆解为实、虚部即可。定义序列h：

对应卷积原理：

实现的思路是：1）直接延拍+寄存器，2）累加操作（累加长度等于最短序列长度，此处为M），即可完成卷积。

延拍 + 寄存器：

delay_all.sv

`timescale 1ns/1ps
/*
Function: DPRAM for data aligned
Author: Gui.
Data: 2018年5月14日16:31:09
*/
/*
 等价于： dout <= {dout[Num-2:0],din};  // SliceM without rst
*/
module delay_all(din, clk, sclr, dout);
parameter datwidth = 17;
parameter Num = 8;

input [datwidth-1:0] din;
input clk;
input sclr;
output [Num-1:0][datwidth-1:0] dout;
//
logic [Num-1:0][datwidth-1:0] dat;

genvar ii;
generate 
for (ii = 1;ii < Num; ii++)
begin:delayall
    delay #(
        .datwidth(datwidth)
    )
    u1(
        .din(dat[ii-1]),
        .clk(clk),
        .sclr(sclr),
        .dout(dat[ii])
    );
end
endgenerate

always @(posedge clk)
if(sclr)
begin
    dat <= 0;
end 
else
begin
    dat[0] <= din;
end 

assign dout = dat;

endmodule

delay.sv

`timescale 1ns/1ps
/*
Function: DPRAM for data aligned
Author: Gui.
Data: 2018年5月14日16:21:09
*/
module delay(din, clk, sclr, dout);
parameter datwidth = 17;
input [datwidth-1:0] din;
input clk;
input sclr;

output [datwidth-1:0] dout;

wire [datwidth-1:0] q;

genvar ii;

generate
for(ii = 0; ii < datwidth; ii++)
    begin:delay
    FDRE #(
            .INIT(1'b0) // Initial value of register (1'b0 or 1'b1)
            ) FDRE_u1 (
            .Q(q[ii]),      // 1-bit Data output
            .C(clk),      // 1-bit Clock input
            .CE(1'b1),    // 1-bit Clock enable input
            .R(sclr),      // 1-bit Synchronous reset input
            .D(din[ii])       // 1-bit Data input
            ); 
    end
endgenerate

endmodule

该延拍操作可等价为一个语句：

 dout <= {dout[Num-2:0],din};

不添加复位信号，则内部资源调用CLB中的SliceM。

累加操作，3加法器结合：

localparam ParaNum = (Num % 3)?(Num/3 + 1):(Num/3);// parallel Number
localparam Actbits = ParaNum*3;// Actually bits

该操作对于卷积系数较少的情况勉强适用，但对于阶数过大的情形、既耗内存、又增加群延迟。对于阶数较多的情形，可借助FIR调用DSP48E_05一文的实现思路。关于IP核的使用，对应文档：：pg149-fir-compiler.pdf

• 20- FIR滤波模块

原理同19- 卷积操作，完全一致，滤波器系数设计参考博文：fdatool的滤波器设计 以及 FIR特性及仿真实现_01

如果只是基本的滤波器实现，可以借助Fdatool -> targets -> generate HDL.

• 21- Hilbert变换

 原理同19- 卷积操作，完全一致，Hilbert工程实现上也可以借助FIR的设计思想，且设计工具也完全一致，不再具体描述。

目前主要的模块：

• 22- IIR滤波模块

 该功能目前使用较少，拆解下来：延拍 + 加减法，差别不大。同样可以直接用MATLAB生成verilog文件：

// -------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Module: filteriir
// Generated by MATLAB(R) 8.1 and the Filter Design HDL Coder 2.9.3.
// Generated on: 2018-05-15 13:03:46
// -------------------------------------------------------------

// -------------------------------------------------------------
// HDL Code Generation Options:
//
// Name: filteriir
// TargetLanguage: Verilog
// TestBenchStimulus: step ramp chirp 
// GenerateHDLTestBench: off

// Filter Specifications:
//
// Sampling Frequency : N/A (normalized frequency)
// Response           : Lowpass
// Specification      : N,F3dB
// Filter Order       : 10
// 3-dB Point         : 0.45
// -------------------------------------------------------------

// -------------------------------------------------------------
// HDL Implementation    : Fully parallel
// Multipliers           : 15
// Folding Factor        : 1
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// Filter Settings:
//
// Discrete-Time IIR Filter (real)
// -------------------------------
// Filter Structure    : Direct-Form II, Second-Order Sections
// Number of Sections  : 5
// Stable              : Yes
// Linear Phase        : No
// -------------------------------------------------------------

`timescale 1 ns / 1 ns

module filteriir
               (
                clk,
                clk_enable,
                reset,
                filter_in,
                filter_out
                );

  input   clk; 
  input   clk_enable; 
  input   reset; 
  input   [63:0] filter_in; //double
  output  [63:0] filter_out; //double

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Module Architecture: filteriir
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Local Functions
  // Type Definitions
  // Constants
  parameter scaleconst1 = 3.6533535137021494E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_b1_section1 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b2_section1 = 2.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b3_section1 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_a2_section1 = -2.7099751179194387E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_a3_section1 = 7.3233891727280376E-01; //double
  parameter scaleconst2 = 2.9120577213381943E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_b1_section2 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b2_section2 = 2.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b3_section2 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_a2_section2 = -2.1600986428424435E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_a3_section2 = 3.8083295281952212E-01; //double
  parameter scaleconst3 = 2.4834107896254057E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_b1_section3 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b2_section3 = 2.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b3_section3 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_a2_section3 = -1.8421380307753588E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_a3_section3 = 1.7757811892769818E-01; //double
  parameter scaleconst4 = 2.2434814972791137E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_b1_section4 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b2_section4 = 2.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b3_section4 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_a2_section4 = -1.6641639010121584E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_a3_section4 = 6.3808989012861264E-02; //double
  parameter scaleconst5 = 2.1350378853875973E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_b1_section5 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b2_section5 = 2.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_b3_section5 = 1.0000000000000000E+00; //double
  parameter coeff_a2_section5 = -1.5837228791342844E-01; //double
  parameter coeff_a3_section5 = 1.2387442068467328E-02; //double
  // Signals
  real input_register; // double
  real scale1; // double
  real scaletypeconvert1; // double
  // Section 1 Signals 
  real a1sum1; // double
  real a2sum1; // double
  real b1sum1; // double
  real b2sum1; // double
  real delay_section1 [0:1] ; // double
  real inputconv1; // double
  real a2mul1; // double
  real a3mul1; // double
  real b1mul1; // double
  real b2mul1; // double
  real b3mul1; // double
  real scale2; // double
  real scaletypeconvert2; // double
  // Section 2 Signals 
  real a1sum2; // double
  real a2sum2; // double
  real b1sum2; // double
  real b2sum2; // double
  real delay_section2 [0:1] ; // double
  real inputconv2; // double
  real a2mul2; // double
  real a3mul2; // double
  real b1mul2; // double
  real b2mul2; // double
  real b3mul2; // double
  real scale3; // double
  real scaletypeconvert3; // double
  // Section 3 Signals 
  real a1sum3; // double
  real a2sum3; // double
  real b1sum3; // double
  real b2sum3; // double
  real delay_section3 [0:1] ; // double
  real inputconv3; // double
  real a2mul3; // double
  real a3mul3; // double
  real b1mul3; // double
  real b2mul3; // double
  real b3mul3; // double
  real scale4; // double
  real scaletypeconvert4; // double
  // Section 4 Signals 
  real a1sum4; // double
  real a2sum4; // double
  real b1sum4; // double
  real b2sum4; // double
  real delay_section4 [0:1] ; // double
  real inputconv4; // double
  real a2mul4; // double
  real a3mul4; // double
  real b1mul4; // double
  real b2mul4; // double
  real b3mul4; // double
  real scale5; // double
  real scaletypeconvert5; // double
  // Section 5 Signals 
  real a1sum5; // double
  real a2sum5; // double
  real b1sum5; // double
  real b2sum5; // double
  real delay_section5 [0:1] ; // double
  real inputconv5; // double
  real a2mul5; // double
  real a3mul5; // double
  real b1mul5; // double
  real b2mul5; // double
  real b3mul5; // double
  real output_typeconvert; // double
  real output_register; // double

  // Block Statements
  always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    begin: input_reg_process
      if (reset == 1'b1) begin
        input_register <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
      end
      else begin
        if (clk_enable == 1'b1) begin
          input_register <= $bitstoreal(filter_in);
        end
      end
    end // input_reg_process

  always @* scale1 <= input_register * scaleconst1;

  always @* scaletypeconvert1 <= scale1;


  //   ------------------ Section 1 ------------------

  always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    begin: delay_process_section1
      if (reset == 1'b1) begin
        delay_section1[0] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
        delay_section1[1] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
      end
      else begin
        if (clk_enable == 1'b1) begin
          delay_section1[1] <= delay_section1[0];
          delay_section1[0] <= a1sum1;
        end
      end
    end // delay_process_section1

  always @* inputconv1 <= scaletypeconvert1;


  always @* a2mul1 <= delay_section1[0] * coeff_a2_section1;

  always @* a3mul1 <= delay_section1[1] * coeff_a3_section1;

  always @* b1mul1 <= a1sum1;


  always @* b2mul1 <= delay_section1[0] * coeff_b2_section1;

  always @* b3mul1 <= delay_section1[1];


  always @* a2sum1 <= inputconv1 - a2mul1;

  always @* a1sum1 <= a2sum1 - a3mul1;

  always @* b2sum1 <= b1mul1 + b2mul1;

  always @* b1sum1 <= b2sum1 + b3mul1;

  always @* scale2 <= b1sum1 * scaleconst2;

  always @* scaletypeconvert2 <= scale2;


  //   ------------------ Section 2 ------------------

  always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    begin: delay_process_section2
      if (reset == 1'b1) begin
        delay_section2[0] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
        delay_section2[1] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
      end
      else begin
        if (clk_enable == 1'b1) begin
          delay_section2[1] <= delay_section2[0];
          delay_section2[0] <= a1sum2;
        end
      end
    end // delay_process_section2

  always @* inputconv2 <= scaletypeconvert2;


  always @* a2mul2 <= delay_section2[0] * coeff_a2_section2;

  always @* a3mul2 <= delay_section2[1] * coeff_a3_section2;

  always @* b1mul2 <= a1sum2;


  always @* b2mul2 <= delay_section2[0] * coeff_b2_section2;

  always @* b3mul2 <= delay_section2[1];


  always @* a2sum2 <= inputconv2 - a2mul2;

  always @* a1sum2 <= a2sum2 - a3mul2;

  always @* b2sum2 <= b1mul2 + b2mul2;

  always @* b1sum2 <= b2sum2 + b3mul2;

  always @* scale3 <= b1sum2 * scaleconst3;

  always @* scaletypeconvert3 <= scale3;


  //   ------------------ Section 3 ------------------

  always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    begin: delay_process_section3
      if (reset == 1'b1) begin
        delay_section3[0] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
        delay_section3[1] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
      end
      else begin
        if (clk_enable == 1'b1) begin
          delay_section3[1] <= delay_section3[0];
          delay_section3[0] <= a1sum3;
        end
      end
    end // delay_process_section3

  always @* inputconv3 <= scaletypeconvert3;


  always @* a2mul3 <= delay_section3[0] * coeff_a2_section3;

  always @* a3mul3 <= delay_section3[1] * coeff_a3_section3;

  always @* b1mul3 <= a1sum3;


  always @* b2mul3 <= delay_section3[0] * coeff_b2_section3;

  always @* b3mul3 <= delay_section3[1];


  always @* a2sum3 <= inputconv3 - a2mul3;

  always @* a1sum3 <= a2sum3 - a3mul3;

  always @* b2sum3 <= b1mul3 + b2mul3;

  always @* b1sum3 <= b2sum3 + b3mul3;

  always @* scale4 <= b1sum3 * scaleconst4;

  always @* scaletypeconvert4 <= scale4;


  //   ------------------ Section 4 ------------------

  always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    begin: delay_process_section4
      if (reset == 1'b1) begin
        delay_section4[0] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
        delay_section4[1] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
      end
      else begin
        if (clk_enable == 1'b1) begin
          delay_section4[1] <= delay_section4[0];
          delay_section4[0] <= a1sum4;
        end
      end
    end // delay_process_section4

  always @* inputconv4 <= scaletypeconvert4;


  always @* a2mul4 <= delay_section4[0] * coeff_a2_section4;

  always @* a3mul4 <= delay_section4[1] * coeff_a3_section4;

  always @* b1mul4 <= a1sum4;


  always @* b2mul4 <= delay_section4[0] * coeff_b2_section4;

  always @* b3mul4 <= delay_section4[1];


  always @* a2sum4 <= inputconv4 - a2mul4;

  always @* a1sum4 <= a2sum4 - a3mul4;

  always @* b2sum4 <= b1mul4 + b2mul4;

  always @* b1sum4 <= b2sum4 + b3mul4;

  always @* scale5 <= b1sum4 * scaleconst5;

  always @* scaletypeconvert5 <= scale5;


  //   ------------------ Section 5 ------------------

  always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    begin: delay_process_section5
      if (reset == 1'b1) begin
        delay_section5[0] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
        delay_section5[1] <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
      end
      else begin
        if (clk_enable == 1'b1) begin
          delay_section5[1] <= delay_section5[0];
          delay_section5[0] <= a1sum5;
        end
      end
    end // delay_process_section5

  always @* inputconv5 <= scaletypeconvert5;


  always @* a2mul5 <= delay_section5[0] * coeff_a2_section5;

  always @* a3mul5 <= delay_section5[1] * coeff_a3_section5;

  always @* b1mul5 <= a1sum5;


  always @* b2mul5 <= delay_section5[0] * coeff_b2_section5;

  always @* b3mul5 <= delay_section5[1];


  always @* a2sum5 <= inputconv5 - a2mul5;

  always @* a1sum5 <= a2sum5 - a3mul5;

  always @* b2sum5 <= b1mul5 + b2mul5;

  always @* b1sum5 <= b2sum5 + b3mul5;

  always @* output_typeconvert <= b1sum5;


  always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    begin: Output_Register_process
      if (reset == 1'b1) begin
        output_register <= 0.0000000000000000E+00;
      end
      else begin
        if (clk_enable == 1'b1) begin
          output_register <= output_typeconvert;
        end
      end
    end // Output_Register_process

  // Assignment Statements
  assign filter_out = $realtobits(output_register);
endmodule  // filteriir

• 23- 查找表和进位链（LUT CARRY，组合逻辑单元）

查找表分表是LUT2、LUT5、LUT6，一个基本例子：12bit或操作。

assign user_out = |datin[11:0];
//LUT 
wire out, out1_14;
LUT6 #(
    .INIT(64'hFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE))
out1 (
    .I0(datin[3]),
    .I1(datin[2]),
    .I2(datin[5]),
    .I3(datin[4]),
    .I4(datin[7]),
    .I5(datin[6]),
    .O(out)
);

LUT6 #(
    .INIT(64'hFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE))
out2 (
    .I0(datin[9]),
    .I1(datin[8]),
    .I2(datin[11]),
    .I3(datin[10]),
    .I4(datin[1]),
    .I5(datin[0]),
    .O(out1_14)
);

LUT2 #(
    .INIT(4'hE))
out3 (
    .I0(out),
    .I1(out1_14),
    .O(user_out)
);

---

后续1：扩展矩阵运算、自适应处理模块

后续2：学习接口协议、通信网络协议

后续3：sysgen 学习模块搭建

后续4：HLS（选学）/microblaze

后续5：调研更加智能化地解决FPGA算法设计实现的工具，例如python好像就存在这样的工具包....

切记，兼顾论文阅读、多向前辈请教。