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  • CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建

    环境:

    CentOS X64 6.4

    nginx 1.5.6

    Python 2.7.5

    正文:

    一:安装需要的类库及Python2.7.5

    安装必要的开发包

    yum groupinstall "Development tools"
    
    yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

    CentOS 自带Python2.6.6,但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5:

    cd ~
    wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
    tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
    cd Python-2.7.5
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
    make && make altinstall

    安装完毕后,可是使用”python2.7”命令进入python2.7的环境。

    二:安装Python包管理

    easy_install包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

    方便安装Python的开发包

    cd ~
    wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
    tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
    cd distribute-0.6.49
    python2.7 setup.py install
    easy_install --version

    红色部分必须是“python2.7”,否则将安装到默认的2.6环境内。

    pip包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

    安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理Python包, easy_install没有这个功能,只有uninstall

    easy_install pip
    pip --version

    三:安装uwsgi

    uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI

    uwsgi参数详解:http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html

    pip install uwsgi
    uwsgi --version

    测试uwsgi是否正常:

    新建test.py文件,内容如下:

    def application(env, start_response):
            start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
            return "Hello World"

    然后在终端运行:

    uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

    在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8001,看是否有“Hello World”输出,若没有输出,请检查你的安装过程。

    四:安装django

    pip install django

    测试django是否正常,运行:

    django-admin.py startproject demosite
    cd demosite
    python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

    在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8002,检查django是否运行正常。

    五:安装nginx

    cd ~
    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
    tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
    cd nginx-1.5.6
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 
    --with-http_stub_status_module 
    --with-http_gzip_static_module
    make && make install

    六:配置uwsgi

    uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式,但个人感觉ini更方便:

    在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini,添加如下配置:

    [uwsgi]
    socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
    master = true         //主进程
    vhost = true          //多站模式
    no-stie = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
    workers = 2           //子进程数
    reload-mercy = 10     
    vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件
    max-requests = 1000   
    limit-as = 512
    buffer-sizi = 30000
    pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件,用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程
    daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

    设置uwsgi开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件,内容如下:

    #! /bin/sh
    # chkconfig: 2345 55 25
    # Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
    # run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
    # distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'
     
    ### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides:          uwsgi
    # Required-Start:    $all
    # Required-Stop:     $all
    # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
    # Default-Stop:      0 1 6
    # Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server
    # Description:       starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon
    ### END INIT INFO
     
    # Author:   licess
    # website:  http://lnmp.org
     
    PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    DESC="uwsgi daemon"
    NAME=uwsgi9090
    DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
    CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
    PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
    SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
     
    set -e
    [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
     
    do_start() {
        $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
    }
     
    do_stop() {
        $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
        rm -f $PIDFILE
        echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
    }
     
    do_reload() {
        $DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
    }
     
    do_status() {
        ps aux|grep $DAEMON
    }
     
    case "$1" in
     status)
        echo -en "Status $NAME: 
    "
        do_status
     ;;
     start)
        echo -en "Starting $NAME: 
    "
        do_start
     ;;
     stop)
        echo -en "Stopping $NAME: 
    "
        do_stop
     ;;
     reload|graceful)
        echo -en "Reloading $NAME: 
    "
        do_reload
     ;;
     *)
        echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
        exit 3
     ;;
    esac
     
    exit 0
    uwsgi9090

    然后在终端执行:

    -- 添加服务
    chkconfig --add uwsgi9090 
    -- 设置开机启动
    chkconfig uwsgi9090 on

    七:设置nginx

    找到nginx的安装目录,打开conf/nginx.conf文件,修改server配置

    server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
            
            location / {            
                include  uwsgi_params;
                uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;  //入口文件,即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置,“.”相当于一层目录
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite;       //项目根目录
                index  index.html index.htm;
                client_max_body_size 35m;
            }
        }

    设置nginx开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建nginx文件,内容如下:

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
    #
    # chkconfig:   - 85 15
    # description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse 
    #               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
    # processname: nginx
    # config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    # pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
      
    # Source function library.
    . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
      
    # Source networking configuration.
    . /etc/sysconfig/network
      
    # Check that networking is up.
    [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
      
    nginx="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/sbin/nginx"
    prog=$(basename $nginx)
    
    NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/conf/nginx.conf"
      
    [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
      
    lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx  
     
    start() {
        [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
        [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
        retval=$?
        echo
        [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
        return $retval
    }
      
    stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc $prog -QUIT
        retval=$?
        echo
        [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
        return $retval
    }
      
    restart() {
        configtest || return $?
        stop
        sleep 1
        start
    }
      
    reload() {
        configtest || return $?
        echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
        killproc $nginx -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
    }
      
    force_reload() {
        restart
    }
      
    configtest() {
      $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    }
      
    rh_status() {
        status $prog
    }
      
    rh_status_q() {
        rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
    }
      
    case "$1" in
        start)
            rh_status_q && exit 0
            $1
            ;;
        stop)
            rh_status_q || exit 0
            $1
            ;;
        restart|configtest)
            $1
            ;;
        reload)
            rh_status_q || exit 7
            $1
            ;;
        force-reload)
            force_reload
            ;;
        status)
            rh_status
            ;;
        condrestart|try-restart)
            rh_status_q || exit 0
                ;;
        *)
            echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
            exit 2
    esac
    nginx

    然后在终端执行:

    -- 添加服务
    chkconfig --add nginx 
    -- 设置开机启动
    chkconfig nginx on

    八:测试

    OK,一切配置完毕,在终端运行

    service uwsgi9090 start
    service nginx start

    在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1,恭喜你可以看到django的“It work”了~

    九:多站配置

    我采用运行多个uwsgi服务的方法来实现多个站点。

    重复第六步,创建uwsgi9091.ini,并相应修改文件中的

    socket = 127.0.0.1:9091
    pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9091.pid
    daemonize = /website/uwsgi9091.log

    并创建服务uwsgi9091,设置开机启动。

    然后修改nginx的配置文件为:

    server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
            
            location / {            
                include  uwsgi_params;
                uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/demosite;
                index  index.html index.htm;
                client_max_body_size 35m;
            }
        }
    
        server {
            listen       1300;
            
            location / {            
                include  uwsgi_params;
                uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9091;
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT DjangoStudy.wsgi;
                uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/DjangoStudy;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
        }
    nginx

    然后我们就可以通过http://127.0.0.1:1300来访问新的网站了。

    十:其他配置

    防火墙设置

    CentOS默认关闭外部对80、3306等端口的访问,所以要在其他计算机访问这台服务器,就必须修改防火墙配置,打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables

    在“-A INPUT –m state --state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”,下添加:

    -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 80 -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

    然后保存,并关闭该文件,在终端内运行下面的命令,刷新防火墙配置:

    service iptables restart

    安装Mysqldb

    yum -y install mysql-devel
    
    easy_install-2.7 MySQL-python

    注意红色部分,easy_install-2.7,否则它将默认安装到Python2.6环境内。

      

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

    2014年12月02日添加: 

    CentOS 7中默认使用Firewalld做防火墙,所以修改iptables后,在重启系统后,根本不管用。 

    Firewalld中添加端口方法如下: 

    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent 

    firewall-cmd --reload

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiongpq/p/3381069.html
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