保留最后N个元素

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Created by xuehz on 2017/2/22

from collections import deque

'''
双端队列
>>> q = deque()
>>> q.append(1)
>>> q.append(2)
>>> q.append(3)
>>> q
deque([1, 2, 3])
>>> q.appendleft(4)
>>> q
deque([4, 1, 2, 3])
>>> q.pop()
3
>>> q
deque([4, 1, 2])
>>> q.popleft()
4

使用 deque(maxlen=N) 构造函数会新建一个固定大小的队列。
当新的元素加入并且这个队列已满的时候， 最老的元素会自动被移除掉。
>>> q = deque(maxlen=3)
>>> q.append(1)
>>> q.append(2)
>>> q.append(3)
>>> q
deque([1, 2, 3], maxlen=3)
>>> q.append(4)
>>> q
deque([2, 3, 4], maxlen=3)
>>> q.append(5)
>>> q
deque([3, 4, 5], maxlen=3)

'''

def search(lines, pattern, history=5):
    previous_lines = deque(maxlen=history)
    for li in lines:
        if pattern in li:
            yield li, previous_lines
        previous_lines.append(li)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    with open('somefile.txt') as f:
        for line, prevlines in search(f, 'python', 5):
            for pline in prevlines:
                print(pline, end='')
            print(line, end='')
            print('-' * 20)