1.在pycharm中新建project demo1 添加app01 点击create按钮完成新建
2.在demo项目目录下新建目录static，并在settings.py中追加代码：
STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)
3.在setting.py中添加模板路径：
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': '...',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),],
'APP_DIRS': ...,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
...
],
},
},
]
4.学员管理系统数据库设计：
在app01/model.py目录下建立 班级、老师、学生 、老师与班级关联表 四张表：
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Classes(models.Model):
'''
班级表
'''
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
a=models.ManyToManyField('Teachers')
class Teachers(models.Model):
'''
老师表
'''
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Students(models.Model):
username=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
gender=models.BooleanField()
cs=models.ForeignKey(Classes,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令：
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
至此生成了四张数据表，可以在pycharm中，点开右上角的Database面板，然后将项目中templates目录下边的db.sqlite3鼠标拖拽到Database面板下，对新创建的数据表进行查看。
5.学员管理系统之班级管理：
为了方便分别操作班级、老师、学生相关的业务，将app01目录下的views.py 删掉，在app01目录下新建目录views，并在views目录下 新建classes.py teachers.py students.py。
1.在classes.py 中写 get_classes add_classes del_classes edit_classes四个函数，完成对 班级数据 的增删改查：
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
def get_classes(request):
cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})
def add_classes(request):
if request.method=='GET':
return render(request,'add_classes.html')
elif request.method=='POST':
title=request.POST.get('title','')
models.Classes.objects.create(title=title)
return redirect('/classes.html')
def del_classes(request):
nid=request.GET.get('nid','')
models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
return redirect('/classes.html')
def edit_classes(request):
if request.method=="GET":
nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{'obj':obj})
elif request.method=="POST":
nid=request.POST.get('nid','')
title=request.POST.get('xxoo','')
models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)
return redirect('/classes.html')
2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),
# path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
# path('students.html', students.get_studernts),
]
3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件：
get_classes.html
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<style>
tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;}
</style>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<table width="300">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th> <th>名称</th> <th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in cls_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ row.id }}</td>
<td>{{ row.title }}</td>
<td><a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>
|<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><a href="/add_classes.html">添加</a> </div>
</body>
</html>
add_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add_classes.html" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="text" name="title">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
edit_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="/edit_classes.html">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}">
<input type="text" name="xxoo" value="{{ obj.title }}">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
6.学员管理系统之学员管理：
1.在students.py 中写 get_students add_students del_students edit_students 四个函数，完成对 学生数据 的增删改查：
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
def get_students(request):
stu_list=models.Students.objects.all()
return render(request,'get_students.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})
def add_students(request):
if request.method=='GET':
cs_list=models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request,'add_students.html',{'cs_list':cs_list})
elif request.method=='POST':
u=request.POST.get('username','')
a=request.POST.get('age','')
g=request.POST.get('gender','')
c=request.POST.get('cs','')
models.Students.objects.create(
username=u,
age=a,
gender=g,
cs_id=c
)
return redirect('/students.html')
def del_students(request):
nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
return redirect('/students.html')
def edit_students(request):
if request.method=="GET":
nid = request.GET.get('nid', '')
obj=models.Students.objects.get(id=nid)
cs_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request,'edit_students.html',{'obj':obj,'cs_list':cs_list})
elif request.method=="POST":
nid=request.POST.get('nid','')
u = request.POST.get('username', '')
a = request.POST.get('age', '')
g = request.POST.get('gender', '')
c = request.POST.get('cs', '')
models.Students.objects.filter(id=nid).update(
username=u,
age=a,
gender=g,
cs_id=c)
return redirect('/students.html')
2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),
path('students.html', students.get_students),
path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),
# path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
]
3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件：
get_students.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<style>
tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;}
</style>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>班级</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in stu_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ row.id }}</td>
<td>{{ row.username }}</td>
<td>{{ row.age }}</td>
<td>{{ row.gender }}</td>
<td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td>
<td><a href="/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>
|<a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><a href="/add_students.html">添加</a> </div>
</body>
</html>
add_students
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加用户</h1>
<form method="post" action="/add_students.html">
{% csrf_token %}
<p><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名"></p>
<p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"></p>
<p>
男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
</p>
<p>
<select name="cs">
{% for row in cs_list %}
<option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
edit_students.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>编辑用户</h1>
<form method="post" action="/edit_students.html">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}">
<p><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名"></p>
<p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"></p>
<p>
男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
</p>
<p>
<select name="cs">
{% for row in cs_list %}
<option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
7.学员管理系统之给班级分配老师：
在teachers数据表中增加一些老师信息：
在pycharm右上角的Database打开面板，然后将template目录下边的db.splte3鼠标拖入到Database面板中，打开db==》app01_teachers表
点击“+”，然后填入老师信息，然后点击有“DB”标志的向上箭头，进行数据保存。
1.在classes.py中增加set_teachers函数
def set_teachers(request):
if request.method=='GET':
nid=request.GET.get('nid','')
cls_obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
cls_teacher_list=cls_obj.a.all()
all_teacher_list=models.Teachers.objects.all()
return render(request,'set_teachers.html',{
'cls_teacher_list':cls_teacher_list,
'all_teacher_list':all_teacher_list,
'nid':nid,
})
elif request.method=='POST':
nid = request.POST.get('nid', '')
ids_str=request.POST.getlist('teacher_id','')
ids_int=[]
for i in ids_str:
i=int(i)
ids_int.append(i)
obj=models.Classes.objects.get(id=nid)
obj.a.set(ids_int)
return redirect('/classes.html')
2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('classes.html', classes.get_classes),
path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes),
path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes),
path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes),
path('students.html', students.get_students),
path('add_students.html', students.add_students),
path('del_students.html', students.del_students),
path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students),
path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers),
]
3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件：
set_teachers.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/set_teachers.html" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ nid }}">
{% csrf_token %}
<select multiple size="10" name="teacher_id">
{% for item in all_teacher_list %}
{% if item in cls_teacher_list %}
<option value="{{ item.id }}" selected="selected">{{ item.name }}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.name }}</option>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</select>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
对get_classes.html进行增添修改为：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>名称</th> <th>任课老师</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in cls_list %} <tr> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.title }}</td> <td> {% for item in row.a.all %} <span>{{ item.name }}</span> {% endfor %} </td> <td><a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a> |<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a> |<a href="/set_teachers.html?nid={{ row.id }}">分配老师</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </div> <div><a href="/add_classes.html">添加</a> </div> </body> </html>
8.初识Ajax
Ajax是异步传输方式，偷偷的向后台发请求，不引起页面刷新，下面通过一个小例子来认识Ajax这种数据传输方式。
首先下载jQuery导入项目下的static目录下
1.在app01/Views目录下新建ajax.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse def ajax1(request): return render(request,'ajax1.html') def ajax2(request): u=request.GET.get('username') p=request.GET.get('password') return HttpResponse('我愿意')
2.在urls.py中配置相关路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers), path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1), path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2), ]
3.在template目录下新建ajax1.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .btn{ display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px; background-color: coral; color: white; cursor: pointer; } </style> </head> <body> <div> <input placeholder="用户名" type="text" id="username"> <input placeholder="密码" type="password" id="password"> <div class="btn" onclick="submitForm();">提交</div> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script> <script> function submitForm() { var u=$('#username').val(); var p=$('#password').val(); $.ajax({ url:'ajax2.html', type:'GET', data:{username:u,password:p}, success:function (arg) { //回调函数 arg是服务器返回的字符串 console.log(arg) } }) } </script> </body> </html>
9.学员管理系统之Ajax删除学员：
1.在ajax.py中增加ajax4函数
from app01 import models def ajax4(request): nid=request.GET.get('nid') msg='成功' try: models.Students.objects.get(id=nid).delete() except Exception as e: msg=str(e) return HttpResponse(msg)
2.在urls.py中配置相关路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers), path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1), path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2), path('ajax4.html', ajax.ajax4), ]
3.对get_students.html进行添加修改：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>性别</th> <th>班级</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in stu_list %} <tr nid="{{ row.id }}"> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.username }}</td> <td>{{ row.age }}</td> <td>{{ row.gender }}</td> <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td> <td><a href="/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a> |<a onclick="removeStudent(this);" href="#">Ajax删除</a> |<a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </div> <div><a href="/add_students.html">添加</a> </div> </body> <script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script> <script> function removeStudent(ths) { var nid=$(ths).parent().parent().attr('nid'); $.ajax({ url:'/ajax4.html', type:'GET', data:{nid:nid}, success:function (arg) { if (arg=='成功'){ window.location.reload(); }else{ alert(arg); } } }) } </script> </html>