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  • SpringBoot和web开发

    1 简介

    • 使用SpringBoot步骤:

      • 1️⃣创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块。
      • 2️⃣SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件指定少量配置就可以运行起来。
      • 3️⃣自己编写业务逻辑代码。
    • 自动配置原理:这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?

    xxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们在容器中自动配置组件。
    xxxProperties:配置类封装配置文件的内容。
    

    2 SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则

    • WebMvcAutoConfiguration的部分源码如下:
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
    		WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
    @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
    @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
    		ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
    public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
        
        @Configuration
    	@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
    	@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
    	public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
            //静态资源处理器
            @Override
            public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
                if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                    logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
                    return;
                }
                Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                        .addResourceLocations(
                            "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
                }
                String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                        .addResourceLocations(
                            this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
                }
            }
    
            //欢迎页
            @Bean
            public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
                ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
                                                     this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
            }
            
            //配置喜欢的图标
            @Configuration
            @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
            public static class FaviconConfiguration {
    
                private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
    
                public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                    this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
                }
    
                @Bean
                public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                    SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                    mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                    //所有**/favicon.ico
                    mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                                                               faviconRequestHandler()));
                    return mapping;
                }
    
                @Bean
                public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                    ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                    requestHandler
                        .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
                    return requestHandler;
                }
    
            }
            
            
        }    
    
        
    }    
    
    • 1️⃣所有/webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/找静态资源。

      • webjars:以jar包的形式引入静态资源。
      • 官网
      • 比如:浏览器发送http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js请求,SpringBoot就会到classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js这个路径查找jquery.js文件。
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
          <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
          <version>3.5.1</version>
      </dependency>
      

      webjars

    • 2️⃣/**访问当前项目的任何资源(静态资源的文件夹):

      "classpath:/META-INF/resources/"
      "classpath:/resources/"
      "classpath:/static/"
      "classpath:/public/"
      "/"
      
      • 比如:浏览器发送http://localhost:8080/asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css请求,SpringBoot就会到静态资源文件夹中寻找/asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css的路径去寻找bootstrap.min.css文件。

      访问当前项目的任何资源

    • 3️⃣欢迎页,静态资源文件夹下的index.html页面,被/**映射。

    • 比如:浏览器发送http://localhost:8080请求,默认情况下,会去静态资源文件夹下找index.html页面。

    • 4️⃣所有的**/favicon.ico都是在静态资源文件夹下寻找。

    3 模板引擎

    3.1 简介

    • JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf……都是模板引擎。
    • 模板引擎的原理:

    模板引擎的原理

    3.2 Thymeleaf

    3.2.1 Thymeleaf概述

    • SpringBoot推荐Thymeleaf。
    • Thymeleaf语法更简单,功能更强大。

    3.2.2 Thymeleaf准备

    • 导入thymeleaf相关jar包的Maven坐标:
    <properties>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.3.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
    </properties>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    • ThymeleafProperties:
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
    public class ThymeleafProperties {
    
    	private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    
    	private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
    
    	public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    
    	public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
         
        //略
    }    
    
    • 从ThymeleafProperties的源码可知:我们只要将HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,Thymeleaf就能自动渲染。

    3.2.3 Thymeleaf使用

    • 导入thymeleaf的名称空间:
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    
    • 使用thymeleaf语法:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <div th:text="helloworld">哇,好(*^▽^*)</div>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    3.2.4 Thymeleaf语法规则

    文本

    • th:text:改变当前元素里面的文本内容。
    • th:任意html属性:来替换原生属性的值。
    • th:insertth:replace:片段包含。
    • th:each:遍历。
    • th:ifth:unlessth:case:条件判断。
    • th:objectth:with:声明变量。
    • th:attrth:attrprependth:attrappend:任意属性修改。
    • th:valueth:hrefth:src:修改指定属性默认值。
    • th:fragment:声明片段。
    • th"remove:移除。

    表达式

    Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
        Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
        		1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
        		2)、使用内置的基本对象:
        			#ctx : the context object.
        			#vars: the context variables.
                    #locale : the context locale.
                    #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                    #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                    #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                    #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                    
                    ${session.foo}
                3)、内置的一些工具对象:
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
    
        Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
        	补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
       <div th:object="${session.user}">
        <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
        <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
        <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
        </div>
        
        Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
        Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
        		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
        Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
        		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
        		
    Literals(字面量)
          Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
          Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
          Boolean literals: true , false
          Null literal: null
          Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
    Text operations:(文本操作)
        String concatenation: +
        Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
        Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
        Minus sign (unary operator): -
    Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
        Binary operators: and , or
        Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
        Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
        Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
        If-then: (if) ? (then)
        If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
        Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    Special tokens:
        No-Operation: _ 
    

    4 SpringMVC自动配置

    4.1 SpringMVC自动配置

    • SpringBoot自动配置好了SpringMVC,下面SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置(WebMvcAutoConfiguration):

      • 1️⃣Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans。

        • 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器,根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))。
        • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver :组合所有的视图解析器。
        • 如何定制?我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器,自动将其组合进来。
      • 2️⃣Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below)。

        • 支持静态资源文件夹路径和webjars。
      • 3️⃣Static index.html support.。

        • 首页访问。
      • 4️⃣Custom Favicon support (see below)。

        • favicon.ico。
      • 5️⃣自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans。

        • Converter:转换器。
        • Formatter :格式化器。
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format") //在配置文件中配置日期格式化的规则
        public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
            return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat()); //日期格式化组件
        }
        
        • 我们自己添加的格式化器、转换器只需要放在容器中即可。
        @Override
        public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
            for (Converter<?, ?> converter : getBeansOfType(Converter.class)) {
                registry.addConverter(converter);
            }
            for (GenericConverter converter : getBeansOfType(GenericConverter.class)) {
                registry.addConverter(converter);
            }
            for (Formatter<?> formatter : getBeansOfType(Formatter.class)) {
                registry.addFormatter(formatter);
            }
        }
        
      • 6️⃣Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below)。

        • HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http的请求和响应的。比如JavaBean和JSON之间的转换。
        • HttpMessageConverters是从容器中获取的,并且获取所有的HttpMessageConverter。
        • 自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要自己将组件注册到容器中。
      • 7️⃣Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below)。

        • 定义错误代码生成规则。
      • 8️⃣Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below)。

        • 我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的。
      • ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer的作用就是初始化所有的WebDataBinder,而WebDataBinder的作用就是请求数据-->JavaBean。

    • 9️⃣If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

      If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.

    4.2 扩展SpringMVC

    • 以前的springmvc.xml中配置拦截器等:
    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    
    • 现在在SpringBoot中,编写一个配置类(用@Configuration注解标注的类),并且继承WebMvcConfigurerAdapter,但是不要标注@EnableWebMvc注解。这样既可以保留自动配置功能,又能使用我们自己扩展的配置。
    package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
    
    @Configuration
    public class SpringMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
        
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
            registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
            registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
            registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index");
            registry.addViewController("/index.htm").setViewName("index");
        }
    }
    
    • 原理:

      • 1️⃣WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类。
      • 2️⃣在做其他自动配置的时候,会导入@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)。
      @Configuration
      @ConditionalOnWebApplication
      @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
      		WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
      @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
      @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
      @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
      		ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
      public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
          
          @Configuration
      	@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
      	@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
      	public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
             //其他略
          }
          
          @Configuration
      	public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
              
          }    
          
          //其他略
      }          
      
      • 3️⃣DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration的部分源码如下:
      @Configuration
      public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
      
      	private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
      
      	//会将所有的WebMvcConfigurer都导入到容器中
      	@Autowired(required = false)
      	public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
      		if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
      			this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
      		}
      	}
          
          //循环遍历所有的WebMvcConfigurer,并将每个WebMvcConfigurer配置的ViewController加入到容器中
          //这样就可以将所有的WebMvcConfigurer的相关配置一起作用
          @Override
      	protected void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
      		this.configurers.addViewControllers(registry);
      	}
          
          //其他略
      	
      }
      
      • 4️⃣容器中的所有WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用。
      • 5️⃣我们自己配置类也会被调用。

      4.3 全面接管SpringMVC

      • SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有的都需要我们配置。
      • 只需要在配置类中加@EnableWebMvc注解即可。
      package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
      
      import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
      import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
      import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
      import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
      
      @Configuration
      @EnableWebMvc
      public class SpringMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
      
          @Override
          public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
              registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
              registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
              registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index");
              registry.addViewController("/index.htm").setViewName("index");
          }
      }
      
      • 原理如下:

        • @EnableWebMvc注解源码如下:
        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
        @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
        @Documented
        @Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) //会向容器中导入DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration组件
        public @interface EnableWebMvc {
        }
        
        • DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration的部分源码如下:
        @Configuration
        public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
        	//其他略
        }    
        
        • WebMvcAutoConfiguration的部分源码如下:
        @Configuration
        @ConditionalOnWebApplication
        @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
        		WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) //只有在容器中没有WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件的时候,WebMvcAutoConfiguration才会起效,而@EnableWebMvc会将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入到容器中
        @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
        @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
        		ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
        public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
            //其他略   
        }    
        

    5 如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置

    • 1️⃣SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置(@Bean、@Component),如果有,就使用用户自己配置的;如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(比如ViewResolver),就将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来。
    • 2️⃣在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置。
    • 3️⃣在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置。

    6 错误处理机制

    6.1 SpringBoot错误的默认效果

    • 如果是浏览器:返回一个默认的错误页面:

    返回一个默认的错误页面

    • 如果是其他客户端:返回一个默认的JSON数据。

    返回一个默认的JSON数据

    • 原理:可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration(错误处理的自动配置)。

      • ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration的部分源码如下:
      @Configuration
      @ConditionalOnWebApplication
      @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class })
      // Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available
      @AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)
      @EnableConfigurationProperties(ResourceProperties.class)
      public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
          //给容器中添加DefaultErrorAttributes组件
          @Bean
      	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
      	public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
      		return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
      	}
          //给容器中添加BasicErrorController组件
      	@Bean
      	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
      	public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
      		return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
      				this.errorViewResolvers);
      	}
          //给容器中添加ErrorPageCustomizer组件
      	@Bean
      	public ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer() {
      		return new ErrorPageCustomizer(this.serverProperties);
      	}
          
      	@Configuration
      	static class DefaultErrorViewResolverConfiguration {
      
      		private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;
      
      		private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
      
      		DefaultErrorViewResolverConfiguration(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
      				ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
      			this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
      			this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
      		}
               //给容器中添加DefaultErrorViewResolver组件
      		@Bean
      		@ConditionalOnBean(DispatcherServlet.class)
      		@ConditionalOnMissingBean
      		public DefaultErrorViewResolver conventionErrorViewResolver() {
      			return new DefaultErrorViewResolver(this.applicationContext,
      					this.resourceProperties);
      		}
      	}
          //其他略
          
      }    
      
      • ErrorPageCustomizer:
      @Configuration
      @ConditionalOnWebApplication
      @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class })
      // Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available
      @AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)
      @EnableConfigurationProperties(ResourceProperties.class)
      public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
          /**
      	 * {@link EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer} that configures the container's error
      	 * pages.
      	 */
      	private static class ErrorPageCustomizer implements ErrorPageRegistrar, Ordered {
      
      		private final ServerProperties properties;
      
      		protected ErrorPageCustomizer(ServerProperties properties) {
      			this.properties = properties;
      		}
           
               //            @Value("${error.path:/error}")  
               //getPath() = private String path = "/error";
               //系统出现错误以后会来到error请求进行处理。就如同在web.xml中配置错误页面规则
      		@Override
      		public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {
      			ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.properties.getServletPrefix()
      					+ this.properties.getError().getPath());
      			errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage);
      		}
      
      		@Override
      		public int getOrder() {
      			return 0;
      		}
      
      	}
          //其他略
      }    
      
      • BasicErrorController:处理默认的/error请求。
      @Controller
      @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
      public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
          //产生HTML类型的数据,浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
          @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
      	public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
      			HttpServletResponse response) {
      		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
               //getErrorAttributes其实就是调用的DefaultErrorAttributes的getErrorAttributes方法,而DefaultErrorAttributes是从容器中获取的。
      		Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
      				request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
      		response.setStatus(status.value());
      		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
      		return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
      	}
          
          //产生JSON数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理
      	@RequestMapping
      	@ResponseBody
      	public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
      		Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
      				isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
      		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
      		return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
      	}
      
      	//略   
      }    
      
      • DefaultErrorViewResolver:
      public class DefaultErrorViewResolver implements ErrorViewResolver, Ordered {
      	private static final Map<Series, String> SERIES_VIEWS;
      
      	static {
      		Map<Series, String> views = new HashMap<Series, String>();
      		views.put(Series.CLIENT_ERROR, "4xx");
      		views.put(Series.SERVER_ERROR, "5xx");
      		SERIES_VIEWS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(views);
      	}
          @Override
      	public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
      			Map<String, Object> model) {
      		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
      		if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
      			modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
      		}
      		return modelAndView;
      	}
      
      	private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
              //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面 比如:/error/404
      		String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
              //模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
      		TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
      				.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
      		if (provider != null) {
                   //模板引擎可用的情况下返回errorViewName指定的视图地址
      			return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
      		}
              //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对象的页面
      		return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
      	}
      
      	private ModelAndView resolveResource(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
      		for (String location : this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) {
      			try {
      				Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location);
      				resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html");
      				if (resource.exists()) {
      					return new ModelAndView(new HtmlResourceView(resource), model);
      				}
      			}
      			catch (Exception ex) {
      			}
      		}
      		return null;
      	}    
          //其他略
          
      }    
      
      • DefaultErrorAttributes:
      @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
      public class DefaultErrorAttributes{
          //帮助我们在页面中共享信息
          @Override
      	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
      			boolean includeStackTrace) {
      		Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
      		errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
      		addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
      		addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
      		addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
      		return errorAttributes;
      	}
      }
      
      • 步骤:

        • 一旦系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误,ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则),就会来到/error请求,就会被BasicErrorController处理。
        • 响应页面:去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的。
        public abstract class AbstractErrorController implements ErrorController {
             /**
        	 * Resolve any specific error views. By default this method delegates to
        	 * {@link ErrorViewResolver ErrorViewResolvers}.
        	 * @param request the request
        	 * @param response the response
        	 * @param status the HTTP status
        	 * @param model the suggested model
        	 * @return a specific {@link ModelAndView} or {@code null} if the default should be
        	 * used
        	 * @since 1.4.0
        	 */
        	protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
        			HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
        		for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
        			ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
        			if (modelAndView != null) {
        				return modelAndView;
        			}
        		}
        		return null;
        	}
            //其他略
        }    
        

    6.2 如果定制错误响应

    6.2.1 如何定制错误页面

    • 1️⃣如果有模板引擎的情况下,默认请求error/状态码,并且返回error/状态码的视图地址,那么我们只需要将错误页面命名为错误状态码.html并放在模板引擎文件夹(默认是classpath:/template)里面的error文件夹下。
      • 我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(比如同时存在404.html和4xx.html,那么当发生404的错误的时候,会优先寻找404.html,一旦匹配到了,就响应404.html)。
      • 页面能获取的信息:
        • timestamp:时间戳。
        • status:状态码。
        • error:错误提示。
        • exception:异常对象。
        • errors:JSR303错误校验的信息。
        • path:错误路径。
    • 2️⃣如果没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不多对应的错误页面),就去静态资源文件夹下寻找。
    • 3️⃣以上都没有错误页面,就来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面。

    6.2.2 如何定制错误的JSON数据

    • 1️⃣自定义异常处理&返回定义JSON数据:
    package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * @ControllerAdvice标注的类:就是对控制器进行增强,在这个类中,可以使用@InitBinder、@InitBinder和@ModelAttribute,这些功能都可以被所有的控制器共享
     */
    @ControllerAdvice
    public class SelfExceptionHandler {
        //浏览器客户端返回的都是JSON
        @ExceptionHandler(value = SelfException.class)
        @ResponseBody
        public Map<String,Object> handleException(SelfException e){
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code",1);
            map.put("msg",e.getMessage());
            return map;
        }   
    }
    
    • 2️⃣转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理:
    package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * @ControllerAdvice标注的类:就是对控制器进行增强,在这个类中,可以使用@InitBinder、@InitBinder和@ModelAttribute,这些功能都可以被所有的控制器共享
     */
    @ControllerAdvice
    public class SelfExceptionHandler {
    
        @ExceptionHandler(value = SelfException.class)
        public String handleException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, SelfException e) {
            Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            //传入我们自己的错误状态码,否则就不会进入定制的错误页面的解析流程
            request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code", 500);
            map.put("code", 1);
            map.put("msg", e.getMessage());
            return "forward:/error";
        }
    
    }
    
    • 3️⃣将我们的定制数据携带出去:

      • 出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController中规定的方法),所以我们可以编写一个ErrorController的实现类或AbstractErrorController的子类,放在容器中。
      • 页面上能用的数据或者是JSON返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes()方法得到的,容器中的DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes()方法是默认进行数据处理的。
      package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
      
      import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
      import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
      
      import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
      import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
      import java.util.HashMap;
      import java.util.Map;
      
      /**
       * @ControllerAdvice标注的类:就是对控制器进行增强,在这个类中,可以使用@InitBinder、@InitBinder和@ModelAttribute,这些功能都可以被所有的控制器共享
       */
      @ControllerAdvice
      public class SelfExceptionHandler {
      
          @ExceptionHandler(value = SelfException.class)
          public String handleException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, SelfException e) {
              Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
              //传入我们自己的错误状态码
              request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code", 500);
              map.put("code", 1);
              map.put("msg", e.getMessage());
      
              request.setAttribute("ext", map);
              return "forward:/error";
          }
      
      }
      
      package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
      
      import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DefaultErrorAttributes;
      import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
      import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
      
      import java.util.Map;
      
      @Component
      public class SelfErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
          @Override
          public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
              Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
              Object ext = requestAttributes.getAttribute("ext", RequestAttributes.SCOPE_REQUEST);
              map.put("ext", ext);
              return map;
          }
      }
      

    7 配置嵌入式Servlet容器

    7.1 如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置

    7.1.1 修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties)

    server:
      port: 8081
      context-path: /spring
      tomcat:
        uri-encoding: utf-8
    
    # 通用的servlet容器配置
    server:
    	xxx: 
    # Tomcat的设置
    server:
    	tomcat: 
    		xxx: 	
    

    7.1.2 编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer(嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器)来修改Servlet有关配置

    package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
    
    @Configuration
    public class SpringMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
            registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
            registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
            registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index");
            registry.addViewController("/index.htm").setViewName("index");
        }
    
        @Bean
        public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
            return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
                /**定制嵌入式的Servlet容器的相关规则
                 * @param container
                 */
                @Override
                public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
                    container.setPort(8081);
                }
            };
        }   
    }
    

    7.1.3 注册Servlet三大组件

    package com.sunxiaping.springboot.servet;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    public class SelfServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            resp.getWriter().println("hello servlet");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    
    package com.sunxiaping.springboot.config;
    
    import com.sunxiaping.springboot.servet.SelfServlet;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    @Configuration
    public class ServletConfig {
    
        /**
         * 注册Servlet,向容器中添加ServletRegistrationBean组件
         * 注册Filter,向容器中添加FilterRegistrationBean组件
         * 注册Listener,向容器中添加ServletListenerRegistrationBean组件
         *
         * @return
         */
        @Bean
        public ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean() {
            return new ServletRegistrationBean(new SelfServlet(), "/hello");
        }
    }
    

    7.2 SpringBoot支持其他的Servlet容器

    • SpringBoot默认支持Tomcat、Jetty、Undertow。

    SpringBoot默认支持的Servlet容器

    • Tomcat(默认支持):
    <dependency>
        <!-- 引入web模块,默认支持Tomcat -->
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    • Jetty:
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    • Undertow:
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    

    7.3 嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理

    • EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置
    @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication
    @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) 
    //BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:给容器中导入一些组件。
    //导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
    //后置处理器:Bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值)执行初始化工作。
    public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
        
    	@Configuration
    	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class }) //判断当前是否引入了Tomcat的依赖
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用是创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
    	public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
    
    		@Bean
    		public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
    			return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    		}
    
    	}
        
        /**
    	 * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
    	 */
    	@Configuration
    	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
    			WebAppContext.class })
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    	public static class EmbeddedJetty {
    
    		@Bean
    		public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
    			return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    		}
    
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
    	 */
    	@Configuration
    	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    	public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
    
    		@Bean
    		public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
    			return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    		}
    
    	}
        //略
        
    }    
    
    • EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂
    public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
    
    	/**
    	 * 获取的嵌入式的Servlet容器
    	 */
    	EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
    			ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
    
    }
    

    嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂

    • EmbeddedServletContainer:嵌入式的Servlet容器。
    public interface EmbeddedServletContainer {
    
    	/**
    	 * Starts the embedded servlet container. Calling this method on an already started
    	 * container has no effect.
    	 * @throws EmbeddedServletContainerException if the container cannot be started
    	 */
    	void start() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException;
    
    	/**
    	 * Stops the embedded servlet container. Calling this method on an already stopped
    	 * container has no effect.
    	 * @throws EmbeddedServletContainerException if the container cannot be stopped
    	 */
    	void stop() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException;
    
    	/**
    	 * Return the port this server is listening on.
    	 * @return the port (or -1 if none)
    	 */
    	int getPort();
    
    }
    

    嵌入式的Servlet容器

    • 以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例:
    public class TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
    		extends AbstractEmbeddedServletContainerFactory implements ResourceLoaderAware {
       	@Override
    	public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
    			ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
             //创建一个Tomcat
    		Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
             //配置TOmcat的基本环境
    		File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
    				: createTempDir("tomcat"));
    		tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
    		Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
    		tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
    		customizeConnector(connector);
    		tomcat.setConnector(connector);
    		tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
    		configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
    		for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
    			tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
    		}
    		prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
             //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个嵌入式的Servlet容器,并且启动Tomcat服务器
    		return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
    	}
        
        protected TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(
    			Tomcat tomcat) {
    		return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0);
    	}
        
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
    		Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
    		this.tomcat = tomcat;
    		this.autoStart = autoStart;
    		initialize();
    	}
        private void initialize() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException {
    		TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.logger
    				.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
    		synchronized (this.monitor) {
    			try {
    				addInstanceIdToEngineName();
    				try {
    					// Remove service connectors to that protocol binding doesn't happen
    					// yet
    					removeServiceConnectors();
    
    					// 启动Tomcat
    					this.tomcat.start();
    
    					// We can re-throw failure exception directly in the main thread
    					rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
    
    					Context context = findContext();
    					try {
    						ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, getNamingToken(context),
    								getClass().getClassLoader());
    					}
    					catch (NamingException ex) {
    						// Naming is not enabled. Continue
    					}
    
    					// Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a
    					// blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown
    					startDaemonAwaitThread();
    				}
    				catch (Exception ex) {
    					containerCounter.decrementAndGet();
    					throw ex;
    				}
    			}
    			catch (Exception ex) {
    				throw new EmbeddedServletContainerException(
    						"Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
    			}
    		}
    	}
        //略
    }    
    
    • 我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么修改的?

      • 1️⃣ServerProperties。ServerProperties其实是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer的子类。
      • 2️⃣EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置。
    • 容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:

    public class EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
    		implements BeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware {
        //在初始化之前
     	@Override
    	public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
    			throws BeansException {
             //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
    		if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
                 //EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer定制器,调用每个定制器的customize方法,来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值
    			postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
    		}
    		return bean;
    	}
        @Override
    	public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
    			throws BeansException {
    		return bean;
    	}
    
    	private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
    			ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
    		for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
    			customizer.customize(bean);
    		}
    	}
        private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
    		if (this.customizers == null) {
    			// Look up does not include the parent context
    			this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
    					this.beanFactory
                                   //从容器中获取所有EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
                                   //所以定制容器,可以给容器中配置EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
    							.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
    									false, false)
    							.values());
    			Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
    			this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
    		}
    		return this.customizers;
    	}
        //其他略
        
    }    
    

    总结:

    • 1️⃣SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例)。
    • 2️⃣容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor),是因为EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration中使用@Import注解,导入了BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar,而BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar是一个ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar,向容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor,简而言之,只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作。
    • 3️⃣后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的customize(ServerProperties其实就是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer)。

    7.4 嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理

    • 1️⃣SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法。
    • 2️⃣refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器(创建IOC容器,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件);如果是Web应用,创建的是AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext;如果不是web应用,创建的是ConfigurableWebApplicationContext。
    • 3️⃣refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的web容器。
    @Override
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            // Prepare this context for refreshing.
            prepareRefresh();
    
            // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
    
            // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
            try {
                // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
                // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
                // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
                // Initialize message source for this context.
                initMessageSource();
    
                // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
                initApplicationEventMulticaster();
    
                // 刷新容器
                onRefresh();
    
                // Check for listener beans and register them.
                registerListeners();
    
                // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
    
                // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishRefresh();
            }
    
            catch (BeansException ex) {
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                                "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
                }
    
                // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroyBeans();
    
                // Reset 'active' flag.
                cancelRefresh(ex);
    
                // Propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }
    
            finally {
                // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
                // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
                resetCommonCaches();
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 4️⃣onRefresh();web的IOC容器重写了onRefresh方法。
    • 5️⃣web的IOC容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器。
    public class EmbeddedWebApplicationContext extends GenericWebApplicationContext {
        
        @Override
    	protected void onRefresh() {
    		super.onRefresh();
    		try {
                //创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
    			createEmbeddedServletContainer();
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start embedded container",
    					ex);
    		}
    	}
        
        private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() {
    		EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer;
    		ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext();
    		if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) {
                //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂
                 //从IOC容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory组件。TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置
    			EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    			this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
    					.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
    		}
    		else if (localServletContext != null) {
    			try {
    				getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext);
    			}
    			catch (ServletException ex) {
    				throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context",
    						ex);
    			}
    		}
    		initPropertySources();
    	}
        //其他略
        
    }    
    
    • 6️⃣获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
    public class EmbeddedWebApplicationContext extends GenericWebApplicationContext {
        
        @Override
    	protected void onRefresh() {
    		super.onRefresh();
    		try {
                //创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
    			createEmbeddedServletContainer();
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start embedded container",
    					ex);
    		}
    	}
        
        private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() {
    		EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer;
    		ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext();
    		if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) {
                //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂
                 //从IOC容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory组件。TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置
    			EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    			this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
    					.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
    		}
    		else if (localServletContext != null) {
    			try {
    				getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext);
    			}
    			catch (ServletException ex) {
    				throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context",
    						ex);
    			}
    		}
    		initPropertySources();
    	}
        //其他略
        
    }    
    
    • 7️⃣使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
    • 8️⃣嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuweiweiwoaini/p/13660370.html
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