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  • Spring实战系列(三)-BeanPostProcessor的妙用

    "对于Spring框架,现实公司使用的非常广泛,但是由于业务的复杂程度不同,了解到很多小伙伴们利用Spring开发仅仅是利用了Spring的IOC,即使是AOP也很少用,但是目前的Spring是一个大家族,形成了一个很大的生态,覆盖了我们平时开发的方方面面,抛开特殊的苛刻要求之外,Spring的生态其实已经很全面了,所以在此开个系列来研究下Spring提供给我们的一些平时不太却又很实用的内容。"

    说明:

    对于Spring开发时,我们有时会遇到同一个接口有多个实现类,为了避免错误,我们通常在具体调用的地方通过ApplicationContext根据业务的需要来选择不同的接口实现类,虽然可以在抽象出一个工厂方法,但是还是感觉不够优雅,如果通过@Autowired直接引入接口,则需要在某个实现类上标注@Primary,否则会报错。那么书归正传如何优雅的解决上述的问题呢,此处就介绍一种利用Spring的BeanPostProcessor来处理。话不多说先上接口

    示例:

    1、声明接口

    public interface HelloService {
        public void sayHello();
    }

     

    2、对应的接口实现类1:

    @Service
    public class HelloServiceImpl1 implements HelloService{
        @Override
        public void sayHello() {
            System.out.println("你好我是HelloServiceImpl1");
        }
    }
    

    3、对应接口实现类2:

    @Service
    public class HelloServiceImpl2 implements HelloService{
        @Override
        public void sayHello() {
            System.out.println("你好我是HelloServiceImpl2");
        }
    }

    4、自定义注解:

      

    @Target({ElementType.FIELD})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    @Component
    public @interface RountingInjected {
        String value() default "helloServiceImpl1";
    }

    5、自定义BeanPostProcessor实现类:

    @Component
    public class HelloServiceInjectProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
     
        @Autowired
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
     
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            return bean;
        }
     
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            Class<?> targetCls = bean.getClass();
            Field[] targetFld = targetCls.getDeclaredFields();
            for (Field field : targetFld) {
                //找到制定目标的注解类
                if (field.isAnnotationPresent(RountingInjected.class)) {
                    if (!field.getType().isInterface()) {
                        throw new BeanCreationException("RoutingInjected field must be declared as an interface:" + field.getName()
                                + " @Class " + targetCls.getName());
                    }
                    try {
                        this.handleRoutingInjected(field, bean, field.getType());
                    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            return bean;
        }
     
        /**
         * @param field
         * @param bean
         * @param type
         * @throws IllegalAccessException
         */
        private void handleRoutingInjected(Field field, Object bean, Class type) throws IllegalAccessException {
            Map<String, Object> candidates = this.applicationContext.getBeansOfType(type);
            field.setAccessible(true);
            if (candidates.size() == 1) {
                field.set(bean, candidates.values().iterator().next());
            } else if (candidates.size() == 2) {
                String injectVal = field.getAnnotation(RountingInjected.class).value();
                Object proxy = RoutingBeanProxyFactory.createProxy(injectVal, type, candidates);
                field.set(bean, proxy);
            } else {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Find more than 2 beans for type: " + type);
            }
        }

    6、对应的代理实现类:

    public class RoutingBeanProxyFactory {
     
        private final static String DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME = "helloServiceImpl1";
     
        public static Object createProxy(String name, Class type, Map<String, Object> candidates) {
            ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
            proxyFactory.setInterfaces(type);
            proxyFactory.addAdvice(new VersionRoutingMethodInterceptor(name, candidates));
            return proxyFactory.getProxy();
        }
     
        static class VersionRoutingMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
            private Object targetObject;
     
            public VersionRoutingMethodInterceptor(String name, Map<String, Object> beans) {
                this.targetObject = beans.get(name);
                if (this.targetObject == null) {
                    this.targetObject = beans.get(DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME);
                }
            }
     
            @Override
            public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
                return invocation.getMethod().invoke(this.targetObject, invocation.getArguments());
            }
        }
    }

    7、结果测试类

    @Component
    public class HelloServiceTest {
     
        @RountingInjected(value = "helloServiceImpl2")
        private HelloService helloService;
     
        public void testSayHello() {
            helloService.sayHello();
        }
     
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("colin.spring.basic.advanced.bbp");
            HelloServiceTest helloServiceTest = applicationContext.getBean(HelloServiceTest.class);
            helloServiceTest.testSayHello();
        }

    上述是整个解决方案的示例流程,其核心思想就是根据自定义注解拦截要注入的接口实现类,运用java反射和代理的知识点来进行有效的实现类注入。

    再次补充下BeanPostProcessor的一些知识点,

    BeanPostProcessor接口作用:

         如果我们想在Spring容器中完成bean实例化、配置以及其他初始化方法前后要添加一些自己逻辑处理。我们需要定义一个或多个BeanPostProcessor接口实现类,然后注册到Spring IoC容器中。

    Spring中Bean的实例化过程图示:

    注意:

    1、接口中的两个方法都要将传入的bean返回,而不能返回null,如果返回的是null那么我们通过getBean方法将得不到目标。

     

    2、BeanFactory和ApplicationContext对待bean后置处理器稍有不同。ApplicationContext会自动检测在配置文件中实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的所有bean,并把它们注册为后置处理器,然后在容器创建bean的适当时候调用它,因此部署一个后置处理器同部署其他的bean并没有什么区别。而使用BeanFactory实现的时候,bean 后置处理器必须通过代码显式地去注册,在IoC容器继承体系中的ConfigurableBeanFactory接口中定义了注册方法


        /**  
         * Add a new BeanPostProcessor that will get applied to beans created  
         * by this factory. To be invoked during factory configuration.  
         * <p>Note: Post-processors submitted here will be applied in the order of  
         * registration; any ordering semantics expressed through implementing the  
         * {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered} interface will be ignored. Note  
         * that autodetected post-processors (e.g. as beans in an ApplicationContext)  
         * will always be applied after programmatically registered ones.  
         * @param beanPostProcessor the post-processor to register  
         */    
        void addBeanPostProcessor(BeanPostProcessor beanPostProcessor);

    另外,不要将BeanPostProcessor标记为延迟初始化。因为如果这样做,Spring容器将不会注册它们,自定义逻辑也就无法得到应用。假如你在<beans />元素的定义中使用了'default-lazy-init'属性,请确信你的各个BeanPostProcessor标记为'lazy-init="false"'。

    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor是BeanPostProcessor的子接口,可以在Bean生命周期的另外两个时期提供扩展的回调接口,即实例化Bean之前(调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法)和实例化Bean之后(调用postProcessAfterInstantiation方法),该接口定义如下:
    package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;    
        
    import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;    
        
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;    
    import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;    
        
    public interface InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends BeanPostProcessor {    
        
        Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException;    
        
        boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;    
        
        PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(    
                PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName)    
                throws BeansException;    
        
    }  

    其使用方法与上面介绍的BeanPostProcessor接口类似,只时回调时机不同。
     
    如果是使用ApplicationContext来生成并管理Bean的话则稍有不同,使用ApplicationContext来生成及管理Bean实例的话,在执行BeanFactoryAware的setBeanFactory()阶段后,若Bean类上有实现org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware接口,则执行其setApplicationContext()方法,接着才执行BeanPostProcessors的ProcessBeforeInitialization()及之后的流程。

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuxinstyle/p/13230482.html
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