安装python rabbitMQ module
pip instal pika
发布者:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost')) channel=connection.channel() #######################发布者########################## channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')#队列名称 channel.basic_publish(exchange='',#交换器 routing_key='hello',#发布的消息绑定到指定的队列 body='hello,world!'#消息内容 ) print "[x] Sent 'Hello,world!'" connection.close()
订阅者:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika import time connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))#连接rabbitmq-server的IP channel=connection.channel()#打开通道 #######################消费者########################## channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')#创建队列 #如果这行代码注释,程序运行的时候会找指定的hello队列,如果hello不存在则会报错. #如果server端口先启动并且创建了hello队列,这里运行的时候可以不创建队列.因为server已创建 def callback(ch,method,properties,body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) import time time.sleep(10) print 'ok' ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)#处理完消息之后会发送ack信号 channel.basic_consume(callback,#往队列取回消息之后执行回调函数 queue='hello',#队列名称 no_ack=False, ) #no_ack=False 保证消息不丢失.如果消费者收到消息后正在处理,此时网络中断或机器断电.RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中 channel.start_consuming()#关闭连接
2.消息持久化
如果生产者往队列中发布了一条消息,此时rabbitmq服务断开了。服务恢复后消费者会收不到消息。解决办法请看下面代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost')) channel=connection.channel() #######################发布者########################## channel.queue_declare(queue='hello1',durable=True)#创建队列 #保证消息在rabbitmq里面不丢失需要满足2点: #1.队列持久化 durable=True #2.发送的消息持久化 # properties=pika.BasicProperties( # delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent # ) channel.basic_publish(exchange='',#交换器 routing_key='hello1',#发布的消息绑定到指定的队列 body='hello,world!',#消息内容 properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent )) print "[x] Sent 'Hello,world!'" connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika import time connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))#连接rabbitmq-server的IP channel=connection.channel()#打开通道 #######################消费者########################## channel.queue_declare(queue='hello1',durable=True)#创建队列 #如果这行代码注释,程序运行的时候会找指定的hello队列,如果hello不存在则会报错. #如果server端口先启动并且创建了hello队列,这里运行的时候可以不创建队列.因为server已创建 #队列持久化 durable=True def callback(ch,method,properties,body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) import time # time.sleep(10) # print 'ok' ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)#处理完消息之后会发送ack信号 channel.basic_consume(callback,#往队列取回消息之后执行回调函数 queue='hello1',#队列名称 no_ack=False, ) #no_ack=False 保证消息不丢失.如果消费者受到消息后正在处理,此时网络中断或机器断电.消息还保存在队列不会丢失. channel.start_consuming()#关闭连接
3、消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走,例如:消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务,消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取,不再按照奇偶数排列
消费者代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika import time connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))#连接rabbitmq-server的IP channel=connection.channel()#打开通道 #######################消费者########################## channel.queue_declare(queue='hello1',durable=True)#创建队列 #如果这行代码注释,程序运行的时候会找指定的hello队列,如果hello不存在则会报错. #如果server端口先启动并且创建了hello队列,这里运行的时候可以不创建队列.因为server已创建 #队列持久化 durable=True def callback(ch,method,properties,body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) import time # time.sleep(10) # print 'ok' ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)#处理完消息之后会发送ack信号 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) channel.basic_consume(callback,#往队列取回消息之后执行回调函数 queue='hello1',#队列名称 no_ack=False, ) #no_ack=False 保证消息不丢失.如果消费者受到消息后正在处理,此时网络中断或机器断电.消息还保存在队列不会丢失. channel.start_consuming()#关闭连接
4.发布者订阅者,一对多发消息:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost')) channel=connection.channel() #######################发布者########################## channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', #交换器名字 type='fanout')#类型 channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',#交换器 routing_key='', body='hello,world!',#消息内容 ) #发布者把消息放到交换器,交换器把消息发布到每个队列中.~ 订阅者从交换器绑定的队列中取数据 print "[x] Sent 'Hello,world!'" connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika import time connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))#连接rabbitmq-server的IP channel=connection.channel()#打开通道 #######################订阅者########################## channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',#交换器名字 type='fanout')#类型 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue #生成随机队列 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name) #把生成的随机队列绑定到交换器 def callback(ch,method,properties,body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)#处理完消息之后会发送ack信号 channel.basic_consume(callback,#往队列取回消息之后执行回调函数 queue=queue_name,#从队列中取数据 no_ack=False, ) #no_ack=False 保证消息不丢失.如果消费者受到消息后正在处理,此时网络中断或机器断电.消息还保存在队列不会丢失. channel.start_consuming()#关闭连接
关键字发送
exchange type = direct
之前事例,发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息,RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送,即:队列绑定关键字,发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange,exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost')) channel=connection.channel() #######################发布者########################## channel.exchange_declare(exchange='dicect_logs', type='direct') #对绑定db关键字的队列发送数据 channel.basic_publish(exchange='dicect_logs', routing_key='db', body='db hello,world!', ) #对绑定web关键字的队列发送数据 channel.basic_publish(exchange='dicect_logs', routing_key='web', body='web hello,world!', ) print "[x] Sent 'Hello,world!'" connection.close()
订阅者1
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika import time connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))#连接rabbitmq-server的IP channel=connection.channel() #######################订阅者1########################## channel.exchange_declare(exchange='dicect_logs', type='direct', ) result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue channel.queue_bind(exchange='dicect_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key='db',#绑定db关键字 ) def callback(ch,method,properties,body): print(" [x] Received %r:%r" %(method.routing_key,body)) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=False, ) channel.start_consuming()
订阅者2
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf8 import pika import time connection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))#连接rabbitmq-server的IP channel=connection.channel()#打开通道 #######################订阅者2########################## channel.exchange_declare(exchange='dicect_logs', type='direct', ) result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue channel.queue_bind(exchange='dicect_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key='web',#绑定web关键字 ) def callback(ch,method,properties,body): print(" [x] Received %r:%r" %(method.routing_key,body)) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=False, ) channel.start_consuming()
执行结果:
发布者:
[x] Sent 'Hello,world!'
订阅者1:
[x] Received 'db':'db hello,world!'
订阅者2:
[x] Received 'web':'web hello,world!'
#每个订阅者只能收到指定关键字的消息,订阅者1收到db相关的消息,订阅者2收到web相关的消息
6、模糊匹配
exchange type = topic
在topic类型下,可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字,之后发送者将数据发送到exchange,exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配,匹配成功,则将数据发送到指定队列。
- # 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
- * 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
mysql.error.log mysql.# 可以匹配
mysql.error.log mysql.* 只能匹配到 mysql.error
mysql.error.log mysql.error.* 可以匹配到 mysql.error.log
发布者代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic') message = 'hello,world' channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', routing_key='mysql.error.log', body=message) print(" [x] Sent %r" % (message)) connection.close()
订阅者代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic') result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key='mysql.#') print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r" % body) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()